scholarly journals Health impact and cost of COVID-19 prophylaxis with monoclonal antibodies

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abraham D. Flaxman ◽  
Rodal Issema ◽  
Ruanne V. Barnabas ◽  
Jennifer M. Ross
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Monoclonal Antibodies ◽  
Health System ◽  
Vaccine Coverage ◽  
Unit Cost ◽  
The United States ◽  
Post Exposure Prophylaxis ◽  
Post Exposure ◽  
Exposure Prophylaxis ◽  
The Impact

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has led to over 600,000 deaths in the United States and continues to disrupt lives even as effective vaccines are available. We aimed to estimate the impact and health system cost of implementing post-exposure prophylaxis against household exposure to COVID-19 with monoclonal antibodies. Methods: We developed a decision-analytical model analysis of results from a recent randomized controlled trial with complementary data on household demographic structure, vaccine coverage, and COVID-19 confirmed case counts for the representative month of May, 2021. The model population includes individuals of all ages in the United States by sex and race/ethnicity. Results: In a month of similar intensity to May, 2021, in the USA, a monoclonal antibody post-exposure prophylaxis program reaching 50% of exposed unvaccinated household members aged 50+, would avert 1,813 (1,171 - 2,456) symptomatic infections, 526 (343 - 716) hospitalizations, and 83 (56 - 116) deaths. Assuming the unit cost of administering the intervention was US$ 1,264, this program would save the health system US$ 3,055,202 (-14,034,632 - 18,787,692). Conclusions: Currently in the United States, health system and public health actors have an opportunity to improve health and reduce costs through COVID-19 post-exposure prophylaxis with monoclonal antibodies.

Cost effectiveness of rabies post exposure prophylaxis in the United States

Vaccine ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 26 (33) ◽  
pp. 4251-4255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Praveen Dhankhar ◽  
Sagar A. Vaidya ◽  
Daniel B. Fishbien ◽  
Martin I. Meltzer
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
The United States ◽  
Post Exposure Prophylaxis ◽  
Post Exposure ◽  
Exposure Prophylaxis

Structural Stigma Affects Access to Pre- and Post-exposure Prophylaxis and HIV Risk among Men Who Have Sex with Men (MSM) in the United States

2014 ◽  
Vol 30 (S1) ◽  
pp. A22-A23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine Oldenburg ◽  
Amaya Perez-Brumer ◽  
Mark Hatzenbuehler ◽  
Douglas Krakower ◽  
David Novak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Hiv Risk ◽  
The United States ◽  
Post Exposure Prophylaxis ◽  
Post Exposure ◽  
Sex With Men ◽  
Exposure Prophylaxis

scholarly journals The Use of HIV Post-Exposure Prophylaxis (PEP) in Children and Adolescents in the United States and Canada

1999 ◽  
Vol 45 (4, Part 2 of 2) ◽  
pp. 79A-79A
Author(s):  
Babl E Frranz ◽  
Beth Kastner ◽  
Sigmund J Kharasch ◽  
Ellen R Cooper
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
The United States ◽  
Post Exposure Prophylaxis ◽  
Post Exposure ◽  
Exposure Prophylaxis

scholarly journals Prophylaxis Against Anthrax

2002 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 85-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miroslav Špliňo ◽  
Jiří Patočka
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Adverse Events ◽  
Bacillus Anthracis ◽  
Protective Efficacy ◽  
Primary Vaccination ◽  
The United States ◽  
Post Exposure Prophylaxis ◽  
Post Exposure ◽  
Fundamental Knowledge ◽  
Exposure Prophylaxis

The paper presents fundamental knowledge concerning Bacillus anthracis and its potential terrorist misuse. The basic clinical forms are resumed with emphasis on inhalation infection from inspiration of B. anthracis spores. The AVA vaccine licensed in the United States, primary vaccination, protective efficacy of the vaccine, and adverse events are characterised. Stress is laid on pre-exposure and post-exposure prophylaxis of anthrax.

scholarly journals 987. Improving Patient Access to HIV Post-Exposure Prophylaxis with Pharmacist Involvement

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S522-S522
Author(s):  
Katlyn H Grossman
Keyword(s):  
Hospital Pharmacy ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
The United States ◽  
Post Exposure Prophylaxis ◽  
Total Cost ◽  
Post Exposure ◽  
Exposure Prophylaxis ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Appropriate use of post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) after isolated sexual, injection drug use, or other exposures to HIV is an effective tool to reduce the risk of HIV acquisition. PEP completion rates are low, with literature reporting only 40% of sexual assaulted persons adhering to a full 28-day course. One important barrier to adherence can be access to medications in a timely manner. In the United States, a four week course of PEP costs nearly $4,000 without insurance and can remain unaffordable with high copays and deductibles for patients who are underinsured. Methods A pharmacist in the Infectious Disease (ID) clinic was notified of all non-occupational post-exposure prophylaxis (nPEP) cases referred from the Emergency Department for follow up and coordinated benefits investigation, ensured low or no cost medication access, completed medication reconciliation, counseled on PEP adherence, and coordinated filling of same day prescriptions at the hospital based pharmacy. To assess the impact of pharmacist involvement, a retrospective review of nPEP cases over a 6 month period were compared to a 6 month period prior to pharmacist presence in clinic. Results 16 nPEP cases were seen by a pharmacist compared to 8 nPEP cases seen in the ID clinic without pharmacist involvement. 100% of patients received medications prior to leaving the medical center, compared to 63% of cases filling at the hospital pharmacy prior to pharmacist presence. 25% of patients required an insurance related override in order to access PEP urgently. The average out of pocket cost was $2.25 with maximum total cost being $7.30. Prior to pharmacist involvement, the average out of pocket cost was $475 for complete PEP regimen with a maximum total cost of $3,733.40. 42% of patients completed their entire PEP course and came to follow up appointment after pharmacist involvement, compared to 31% of patients prior to pharmacist presence. Conclusion Pharmacist involvement led to a substantial cost savings to patients receiving nPEP. It was also associated with higher capture rates of prescriptions filled at the hospital pharmacy along with a higher rate of PEP completion and follow up. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures

scholarly journals Estimated Impact of Targeted Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis: Strategies for Men Who Have Sex with Men in the United States

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (9) ◽  
pp. 1592 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard A. Elion ◽  
Mina Kabiri ◽  
Kenneth H. Mayer ◽  
David A. Wohl ◽  
Joshua Cohen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Black Msm ◽  
Number Needed To Treat ◽  
Latino Msm ◽  
Sex With Men ◽  
Young Black Msm ◽  
Exposure Prophylaxis ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Black And Latino

Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) effectively reduces human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission. We aimed to estimate the impact of different PrEP prioritization strategies among Black and Latino men who have sex with men (MSM) in the United States, populations most disproportionately affected by HIV. We developed an agent-based simulation to model the HIV epidemic among MSM. Individuals were assigned an HIV incidence risk index (HIRI-MSM) based on their sexual behavior. Prioritization strategies included PrEP use for individuals with HIRI-MSM ≥10 among all MSM, all Black MSM, young (≤25 years) Black MSM, Latino MSM, and young Latino MSM. We estimated the number needed to treat (NNT) to prevent one HIV infection, reductions in prevalence and incidence, and subsequent infections in non-PrEP users avoided under these strategies over 5 years (2016–2020). Young Black MSM eligible for PrEP had the lowest NNT (NNT = 10) followed by all Black MSM (NNT = 33) and young Latino MSM (NNT = 35). All Latino MSM and all MSM had NNT values of 63 and 70, respectively. Secondary infection reduction with PrEP was the highest among young Latino MSM (53.2%) followed by young Black MSM (37.8%). Targeting all MSM had the greatest reduction in prevalence (14.7% versus 2.9%–3.9% in other strategies) and incidence (49.4% versus 9.4%–13.9% in other groups). Using data representative of the United States MSM population, we found that a strategy of universal PrEP use by MSM was most effective in reducing HIV prevalence and incidence of MSM. Targeted use of PrEP by Black and Latino MSM, however, especially those ≤25 years, had the greatest impact on HIV prevention.

scholarly journals Development of broad‐spectrum human monoclonal antibodies for rabies post‐exposure prophylaxis

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 407-421 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paola De Benedictis ◽  
Andrea Minola ◽  
Elena Rota Nodari ◽  
Roberta Aiello ◽  
Barbara Zecchin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibodies ◽  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Post Exposure Prophylaxis ◽  
Human Monoclonal Antibodies ◽  
Post Exposure ◽  
Exposure Prophylaxis
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