scholarly journals Determinants of early antibody responses to COVID-19 mRNA vaccines in exposed and naive healthcare workers

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gemma Moncunill ◽  
Ruth Aguilar ◽  
Marta Ribes ◽  
Natalia Ortega ◽  
Rocío Rubio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care Workers ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Post Vaccination ◽  
Neutralization Capacity ◽  
Care Workers ◽  
Neutralizing Capacity ◽  
One Year ◽  
Antibody Levels

Background Two doses of mRNA vaccination have shown >94% efficacy at preventing COVID-19 mostly in naive adults, but it is not clear if the second dose is needed to maximize effectiveness in those previously exposed to SARS-CoV-2 and what other factors affect responsiveness. Methods We measured IgA, IgG and IgM levels against SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) and nucleocapsid (N) antigens from the wild-type and S from the Alpha, Beta and Gamma variants of concern, after BNT162b2 (Pfizer/BioNTech) or mRNA-1273 (Moderna) vaccination in a cohort of health care workers (N=578). Neutralizing capacity and antibody avidity were evaluated. Data were analyzed in relation to COVID-19 history, comorbidities, vaccine doses, brand and adverse events. Findings Vaccination induced robust IgA and IgG levels against all S antigens. Neutralization capacity and S IgA and IgG levels were higher in mRNA-1273 vaccinees, previously SARS-CoV-2 exposed, particularly if symptomatic, and in those experiencing systemic adverse effects. A second dose in pre-exposed did not increase antibody levels. Smoking and comorbidities were associated with lower neutralization and antibody levels. Among fully vaccinated, 6.3% breakthroughs were detected up to 189 days post-vaccination. Among pre-exposed non-vaccinated, 90% were IgG seropositive more than 300 days post-infection. Interpretation Our data support administering a single-dose in pre-exposed healthy individuals. However, heterogeneity of responses suggests that personalized recommendations may be necessary depending on COVID-19 history and life-style. Higher mRNA-1273 immunogenicity would be beneficial for those expected to respond worse to vaccination. Persistence of antibody levels in pre-exposed unvaccinated indicates maintenance of immunity up to one year.

scholarly journals Seven-month kinetics of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies and protective role of pre-existing antibodies to seasonal human coronaviruses on COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia Ortega ◽  
Marta Ribes ◽  
Marta Vidal ◽  
Rocío Rubio ◽  
Ruth Aguilar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protective Role ◽  
Neutralization Capacity ◽  
Care Workers ◽  
Neutralizing Capacity ◽  
Human Coronaviruses ◽  
Antibody Levels ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Over Time

AbstractUnraveling the long-term kinetics of antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 and its determinants, including the impact of pre-existing antibodies to human coronaviruses causing common cold (HCoVs), is essential to understand protective immunity to COVID-19 and devise effective surveillance strategies. IgM, IgA and IgG levels against six SARS-CoV-2 and four HCoV antigens were quantified by Luminex, and antibody neutralization capacity was assessed by flow cytometry, in a cohort of health care workers followed-up for 6 months. Seroprevalence increased over time from 13.5% (month 0) and 15.6% (month 1) to 16.4% (month 6). Levels of antibodies, including those with neutralizing capacity, were stable over time, except IgG to nucleocapsid antigen and IgM levels that waned. After the peak response, anti-spike antibody levels increased from ∼150 days post-symptom onset in all individuals (73% for IgG), in the absence of any evidence of re-exposure. Pre-existing antibodies to alpha-HCoV were lower in individuals who subsequently seroconverted for SARS-CoV-2. IgG and IgA to HCoV were significantly higher in asymptomatic than symptomatic seropositive individuals. Thus, pre-existing cross-reactive HCoVs antibodies could have a protective effect against SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 disease.

scholarly journals Seasonal Betacoronavirus Antibodies’ Expansion Post-BNT161b2 Vaccination Associates with Reduced SARS-CoV-2 VoC Neutralization

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefania Dispinseri ◽  
Ilaria Marzinotto ◽  
Cristina Brigatti ◽  
Maria Franca Pirillo ◽  
Monica Tolazzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Care Workers ◽  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Spike Protein ◽  
Post Vaccination ◽  
Care Workers ◽  
Sequential Samples ◽  
Alpha Beta ◽  
Antibody Levels ◽  
Neutralization Ability

AbstractSARS-CoV-2 vaccination is known to induce antibodies that recognize also variants of concerns (VoCs) of the virus. However, epidemiological and laboratory evidences indicate that these antibodies have a reduced neutralization ability against VoCs. We studied binding and neutralizing antibodies against the Spike protein domains and subunits of the Wuhan-Hu-1 virus and its alpha, beta, delta VoCs and of seasonal betacoronaviruses (HKU1 and OC43) in a cohort of 31 health care workers prospectively followed post-vaccination with BNT162b2-Comirnaty. The study of sequential samples collected up to 64 days post-vaccination showed that serological assays measuring IgG against Wuhan-Hu-1 antigens were a poor proxy for VoC neutralization. In addition, in subjects who had asymptomatic or mild COVID-19 prior to vaccination, the loss of nAbs following disease could be rapid and accompanied by post-vaccination antibody levels similar to those of naïve vaccinees. Interestingly, in health care workers naïve for SARS-CoV-2 infection, vaccination induced a rapid and transient reactivation of pre-existing seasonal coronaviruses IgG responses that was associated with a subsequent reduced ability to neutralize alpha and beta VoCs.

scholarly journals IMPACT OF VACCINATION ON COVID INFECTION IN HEALTH CARE WORKERS IN WESTERN ZONE OF INDIAN RAILWAYS

2021 ◽  
pp. 31-34
Author(s):  
C.S. Anand ◽  
Hafeezunissa Rehman ◽  
K. Krishna Kumar ◽  
Brham Prakash ◽  
Subodh Kumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Severity ◽  
Health Care Workers ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Vaccination Campaign ◽  
Vaccine Dose ◽  
Post Vaccination ◽  
Vaccination Programs ◽  
Source Of Infection ◽  
Care Workers ◽  
Western Zone

Healthcare workers (HCWs) are highly exposed to SARS-CoV-2 infection. HCWs are also likely source of infection of their family members .COVID-19 Vaccination programs started during December 2020 in several countries and prioritized healthcare workers (HCWs).The vaccination campaign coincided with the second surge of COVID cases in Western part of India.This study assess the prevalence of COVID19 infection and disease severity in vaccinated HCWs. Prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 cases was 6.3% of vaccinated HCWs. Most infection cases occurred within two weeks of the first vaccine dose. Out of total HCWs 87.4% were mild, 11.1% were moderate, and 1.5% were severe cases.This study stresses on early identification of asymptomatic carriers in vaccinated individuals.Even vaccinated HCWs might spread the infection leading to hospital outbreaks.With the emergence of newer strains of Covid 19 and amid the rising cases of Delta variant across the globe,adequate infection control practices like masking,social distancing,appropriate PPE and hand sanitization and vaccination are mandatory.However,disease severity is milder post vaccination.It is important to distinguish symptoms of side effects post vaccination from COVID infection even in vaccinated HCW in pandemic.

scholarly journals Transition of antibody titers after the SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine in Japanese healthcare workers

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masahiro Kitabatake ◽  
Noriko Ouji-Sageshima ◽  
Shota Sonobe ◽  
Ryutaro Furukawa ◽  
Makiko Konda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care Workers ◽  
Messenger Rna ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Neutralizing Antibody ◽  
Receptor Binding Domain ◽  
Post Vaccination ◽  
The Third ◽  
Care Workers ◽  
Antibody Titers ◽  
Support Decision Making

AbstractSince February 2021, health care workers in Japan have been preferentially vaccinated with a messenger RNA vaccine (BNT162b2/Pfizer) against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). While many studies have confirmed that this vaccine is highly effective in reducing hospitalizations and deaths from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), antibody titers tend to decline at 3 months, leading to a risk of breakthrough infections. Thus, information is needed to support decision making regarding the third vaccination. In this study, we investigated transition of the anti-SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain (RBD) IgG and neutralizing antibody titers of 41 vaccinated Japanese healthcare workers. Samples were collected seven times starting 1 week before vaccination until 6 months post-vaccination. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 RBD IgG levels peaked at 7 days after the booster, then declined over time and decreased to <10% at 6 months after the booster. Workers with low anti-SARS-CoV-2 RBD IgG levels also had low neutralizing antibody titers. These data support the active use of boosters for healthcare workers, especially for those with low anti-SARS-CoV-2 RBD IgG levels.

scholarly journals Comparative analysis of post-vaccination anti-spike IgG antibodies in old Nursing Home Residents and in middle-aged Healthcare workers

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helene Jeulin ◽  
Denis Craus ◽  
Carlos Labat ◽  
Athanase Benetos
Keyword(s):  
Nursing Home ◽  
Health Care Workers ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Nursing Home Residents ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Post Vaccination ◽  
Care Workers ◽  
History Of ◽  
Few Data

The current consensus is that 2 doses of mRNA vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 are needed for people without COVID-19 history, while for those who had suffered COVID-19, a single dose may be enough to achieve high levels of immunization. This consensus has been based on results obtained in middle-aged populations, whereas only few data exist for the oldest and most frail adults such as nursing home residents (NH-Res) that is, the population most vulnerable to develop severe forms of COVID-19. In this study, we studied the anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG(S) level of NH-Res and healthcare workers (HCWs) with or without a history of COVID-19 infection taking into account the time since immunization (COVID-19 and/or vaccination). 654 subjects were analyzed: 397 NH-Res (median age 88, IQR 82-93 years, 75% women) and 257 Health Care Workers (HCWs, median 46, IQR 38-54 years, 81% women). NH-Res and HCWs were classified in one of the following 3 groups: No-COVID history and 2 vaccine shots (COV-NO/2VACC); Yes-COVID history and 1 (COV-YES/1VACC) or 2 (COV-YES/2VACC) vaccine injections. The time-related decrease in IgG (S) in subjects without COVID-19 history, SARS-COV-2 serology would be negative in HCWs approximately 220 days and in residents 180 days after vaccination. This time-related decrease was much slower in those with history of COVID. NH-Res belonging into the COV-NO/2VACC and the COV-YES/1VACC groups showed lower IgG (S) levels than the same groups of HCWs (for both groups, p<0.0001), whereas in the group COV-YES/2VACC, IgG (S) levels were similar in NH-Res and HCWs (p=0.88). These results remained unchanged after adjustment for age and duration since immunization. Thus, in NH-Res, 2 vaccine shots were associated with a more pronounced immune response, whereas in HCWs, 1 or 2 vaccine shots in patients with COVID-19 history did make any difference. These results indicate significant differences in mRNA vaccination between NH-Res and middle-aged controls, and could contribute to the specification of vaccine policy in this very old, frail population.

scholarly journals Seroprevalence and Dynamics of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody among healthcare workers following ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccination

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soma Sarkar ◽  
Shantanab das ◽  
Kabita Choudhury ◽  
Saibal Mukherjee ◽  
Raghunath Chatterjee
Keyword(s):  
Health Care Workers ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
Neutralizing Antibody ◽  
Exposed Group ◽  
Detectable Amount ◽  
Significant Drop ◽  
Post Vaccination ◽  
Care Workers ◽  
Regular Contact

Abstract Background The serological evaluations of IgG, IgM, and IgA to the SARS-CoV-2 proteins are widely used for the epidemiological assessment of COVID-19. The Health Care Workers (HCWs) are presumably exposed to a higher risk of acquiring the disease owing to their regular contact with the patients. Methods COVID-19 prevalence was investigated by classifying 313 HCWs into four groups based on their degree of exposure and estimating the IgG and total antibody. The serological assessment of the anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody was conducted 21 days post-vaccination of first or both doses of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine among 174 HCWs. The vaccinated HCWs were followed up for 3 months for SARS-CoV-2 infection. Findings The levels of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG were comparable among different groups, but the seroprevalence gradually decreased from the most exposed to the less exposed group. The neutralizing antibody was positively correlated with IgG as well as total antibody. IgG was marginally decreased after 2 months followed by a significant drop after 4-6 months post-infection. However, 80% of the HCWs developed a detectable amount of IgG after the first dose of vaccination, the median titer of which was comparable to the seropositive HCWs after natural infection. Almost 100% of the HCWs developed antibodies after the second dose of vaccine with boosting effect among the seropositive HCWs. Although ~11.5% of the vaccinated HCWs were infected with the SARS-CoV-2, ~94% of them showed mild symptoms and recovered in home isolation without any O2 support. Interpretations The varying level of seroprevalence among the four groups suggested a stratified spread of the disease. One dose of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination was found to be effective in terms of the antibody titer, while the second dose was required to cover the larger population. The effectiveness of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine was noticeable due to the low rate of post-vaccination infection with moderate or severe symptoms.

scholarly journals Persistence of antibodies against Spike glycoprotein of SARS-CoV-2 in health care workers post double dose of BBV-152 and AZD1222 vaccines

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hari Ram Choudhary ◽  
Debaprasad Parai ◽  
Girish Chandra Dash ◽  
Jaya Singh Kshatri ◽  
Narayan Mishra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Care Workers ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Post Vaccination ◽  
Care Workers ◽  
History Of ◽  
Heath Care ◽  
Antibody Levels

Abstract Rationale: Vaccine rollout in India was initiated in mid-January, 2021 and is supposed to be the only antidote against SARS-CoV-2 as of now.Objectives: To study the dynamicity of vaccine-induced IgG antibody against SARS-CoV-2.Methodology: The present cross-sectional cohort study was undertaken to determine IgG antibody among health care workers with completed dose of either Covaxin or Covishield and were followed for 24 weeks after first dose of either vaccine to record the periodic changes in titre, concentration, clinical growth and persistence of vaccine-induced SARS-CoV-2 antibodies.Results: Serum samples were collected from 614 participants during each follow-up and tested them in two CLIA-based platforms for testing SARS-CoV-2 antibodies both qualitatively and quantitatively. Among these participants, 308 (50.2%) were Covishield recipient and rest 306 (49.8%) took Covaxin. A total of 81 breakthrough cases was recorded among the cohort participants for whom infection post vaccination acted as booster. The rest 533 heath care workers without any history of post-vaccination infection showed significant antibody waning either from T3 (Covaxin recipient) or T4 (Covishield recipient).Conclusion: The clinical implications of waning antibody levels post vaccination are not well understood, and it remains crucial to establish S-antibody thresholds associated with protection against clinical outcomes.

scholarly journals Seven-month kinetics of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies and role of pre-existing antibodies to human coronaviruses

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia Ortega ◽  
Marta Ribes ◽  
Marta Vidal ◽  
Rocío Rubio ◽  
Ruth Aguilar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Neutralization Capacity ◽  
Care Workers ◽  
Neutralizing Capacity ◽  
Human Coronaviruses ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Antibody Levels ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Over Time

AbstractUnraveling the long-term kinetics of antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 and the individual characteristics influencing it, including the impact of pre-existing antibodies to human coronaviruses causing common cold (HCoVs), is essential to understand protective immunity to COVID-19 and devise effective surveillance strategies. IgM, IgA and IgG levels against six SARS-CoV-2 antigens and the nucleocapsid antigen of the four HCoV (229E, NL63, OC43 and HKU1) were quantified by Luminex, and antibody neutralization capacity was assessed by flow cytometry, in a cohort of health care workers followed up to 7 months (N = 578). Seroprevalence increases over time from 13.5% (month 0) and 15.6% (month 1) to 16.4% (month 6). Levels of antibodies, including those with neutralizing capacity, are stable over time, except IgG to nucleocapsid antigen and IgM levels that wane. After the peak response, anti-spike antibody levels increase from ~150 days post-symptom onset in all individuals (73% for IgG), in the absence of any evidence of re-exposure. IgG and IgA to HCoV are significantly higher in asymptomatic than symptomatic seropositive individuals. Thus, pre-existing cross-reactive HCoVs antibodies could have a protective effect against SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 disease.

scholarly journals Adherence to personal protective equipment use among healthcare workers caring for confirmed COVID-19 and alleged non-COVID-19 patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Meike M. Neuwirth ◽  
Frauke Mattner ◽  
Robin Otchwemah
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Care Workers ◽  
Personal Protective Equipment ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Protective Equipment ◽  
Care Workers

AbstractAdherence observations of health care workers (HCW) revealed deficiencies in the use of recommended personal protective equipment (PPE) among HCW caring in COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 wards during the first period of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in a university hospital in Germany. The adherence to wearing surgical face or FFP2-masks and disinfecting hands prior to donning and after doffing the PPE was significantly higher in COVID-19 wards However, there was no total adherence of 100% in COVID-19 wards.

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