scholarly journals It ain't what you do, it's what drives why you do it: how the basis of growers' decision making affects the effectiveness of disease control

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel E Murray-Watson ◽  
Frédéric M Hamelin ◽  
Nik J Cunniffe
Keyword(s):  
Disease Control ◽  
Plant Disease ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Human Behaviour ◽  
Spatial Effects ◽  
Strategic Decisions ◽  
Seed Systems ◽  
Cassava Brown Streak Disease ◽  
Clean Seed ◽  
Control Disease

While the spread of plant disease depends strongly on biological factors controlling transmission, epidemics clearly also have a human dimension. Disease control depends on decisions made by individual growers, who are in turn influenced by a broad range of factors. Despite this, human behaviour has rarely been included in plant epidemic models. Considering Cassava Brown Streak Disease, we model how the perceived benefit of disease control influences participation in clean seed systems (CSS). Our models are rooted in game theory, with growers making strategic decisions based on the expected profitability of different control strategies. We find that both the information used by growers to assess profitability and the perception of economic and epidemiological parameters influence long-term participation in the CSS. Over-estimation of infection risk leads to lower participation in the CSS, as growers perceive that paying for the CSS will be futile. Additionally, though the CSS can reduce the burden of disease, and allow a scenario in which all growers control, disease is not eliminated from the system. These results are robust to stochastic and spatial effects. Our work highlights the importance of including human behaviour in plant disease models, but also the significance of how that behaviour is included.

scholarly journals Considering behaviour to ensure the success of a disease control strategy

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (12) ◽  
pp. 170721 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Finn McQuaid ◽  
Christopher Aidan Gilligan ◽  
Frank van den Bosch
Keyword(s):  
Disease Control ◽  
Control Strategy ◽  
Agricultural Systems ◽  
Seed Systems ◽  
Planting Material ◽  
Cassava Brown Streak Disease ◽  
Clean Seed ◽  
Educational Campaigns ◽  
Disease Pressure ◽  
Significant Opportunity

The success or failure of a disease control strategy can be significantly affected by the behaviour of individual agents involved, influencing the effectiveness of disease control, its cost and sustainability. This behaviour has rarely been considered in agricultural systems, where there is significant opportunity for impact. Efforts to increase the adoption of control while decreasing oscillations in adoption and yield, particularly through the administration of subsidies, could increase the effectiveness of interventions. We study individual behaviour for the deployment of clean seed systems to control cassava brown streak disease in East Africa, noting that high disease pressure is important to stimulate grower demand of the control strategy. We show that it is not necessary to invest heavily in formal promotional or educational campaigns, as word-of-mouth is often sufficient to endorse the system. At the same time, for improved planting material to have an impact on increasing yields, it needs to be of a sufficient standard to restrict epidemic spread significantly. Finally, even a simple subsidy of clean planting material may be effective in disease control, as well as reducing oscillations in adoption, as long as it reaches a range of different users every season.

Playing on a Pathogen's Weakness: Using Evolution to Guide Sustainable Plant Disease Control Strategies

2015 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiasui Zhan ◽  
Peter H. Thrall ◽  
Julien Papaïx ◽  
Lianhui Xie ◽  
Jeremy J. Burdon
Keyword(s):  
Disease Control ◽  
Plant Disease ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Plant Disease Control

scholarly journals When to kill a cull: factors affecting the success of culling wildlife for disease control

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (152) ◽  
pp. 20180901 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jamie C. Prentice ◽  
Naomi J. Fox ◽  
Michael R. Hutchings ◽  
Piran C. L. White ◽  
Ross S. Davidson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Control ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Wildlife Disease ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Disease Spread ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Badger Culling ◽  
Population Reduction ◽  
Control Disease ◽  
The Uk

Culling wildlife to control disease can lead to both decreases and increases in disease levels, with apparently conflicting responses observed, even for the same wildlife–disease system. There is therefore a pressing need to understand how culling design and implementation influence culling's potential to achieve disease control. We address this gap in understanding using a spatial metapopulation model representing wildlife living in distinct groups with density-dependent dispersal and framed on the badger–bovine tuberculosis (bTB) system. We show that if population reduction is too low, or too few groups are targeted, a ‘perturbation effect’ is observed, whereby culling leads to increased movement and disease spread. We also demonstrate the importance of culling across appropriate time scales, with otherwise successful control strategies leading to increased disease if they are not implemented for long enough. These results potentially explain a number of observations of the dynamics of both successful and unsuccessful attempts to control TB in badgers including the Randomized Badger Culling Trial in the UK, and we highlight their policy implications. Additionally, for parametrizations reflecting a broad range of wildlife–disease systems, we characterize ‘Goldilocks zones’, where, for a restricted combination of culling intensity, coverage and duration, the disease can be reduced without driving hosts to extinction.

scholarly journals Precision agriculture and geospatial techniques for sustainable disease control

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel P. Roberts ◽  
Nicholas M. Short ◽  
James Sill ◽  
Dilip K. Lakshman ◽  
Xiaojia Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Big Data ◽  
Disease Control ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Plant Disease ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Data Driven ◽  
Agricultural Community ◽  
Plant Disease Control ◽  
Crop Germplasm

AbstractThe agricultural community is confronted with dual challenges; increasing production of nutritionally dense food and decreasing the impacts of these crop production systems on the land, water, and climate. Control of plant pathogens will figure prominently in meeting these challenges as plant diseases cause significant yield and economic losses to crops responsible for feeding a large portion of the world population. New approaches and technologies to enhance sustainability of crop production systems and, importantly, plant disease control need to be developed and adopted. By leveraging advanced geoinformatic techniques, advances in computing and sensing infrastructure (e.g., cloud-based, big data-driven applications) will aid in the monitoring and management of pesticides and biologicals, such as cover crops and beneficial microbes, to reduce the impact of plant disease control and cropping systems on the environment. This includes geospatial tools being developed to aid the farmer in managing cropping system and disease management strategies that are more sustainable but increasingly complex. Geoinformatics and cloud-based, big data-driven applications are also being enlisted to speed up crop germplasm improvement; crop germplasm that has enhanced tolerance to pathogens and abiotic stress and is in tune with different cropping systems and environmental conditions is needed. Finally, advanced geoinformatic techniques and advances in computing infrastructure allow a more collaborative framework amongst scientists, policymakers, and the agricultural community to speed the development, transfer, and adoption of these sustainable technologies.

scholarly journals Plant Disease Control Efficacy of Platycladus orientalis and Its Antifungal Compounds

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1496
Author(s):  
Sohyun Bae ◽  
Jae Woo Han ◽  
Quang Le Dang ◽  
Hun Kim ◽  
Gyung Ja Choi
Keyword(s):  
Disease Control ◽  
Rice Blast ◽  
Plant Disease ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Crop Protection ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
Antifungal Compounds ◽  
Control Efficacy ◽  
Platycladus Orientalis ◽  
Plant Disease Control

Plants contain a number of bioactive compounds that exhibit antimicrobial activity, which can be recognized as an important source of agrochemicals for plant disease control. In searching for natural alternatives to synthetic fungicides, we found that a methanol extract of the plant species Platycladus orientalis suppressed the disease development of rice blast caused by Magnaporthe oryzae. Through a series of chromatography procedures in combination with activity-guided fractionation, we isolated and identified a total of eleven compounds including four labdane-type diterpenes (1–4), six isopimarane-type diterpenes (5–10), and one sesquiterpene (11). Of the identified compounds, the MIC values of compounds 1, 2, 5 & 6 mixture, 9, and 11 ranged from 100 to 200 μg/mL against M. oryzae, whereas the other compounds were over 200 μg/mL. When rice plants were treated with the antifungal compounds, compounds 1, 2, and 9 effectively suppressed the development of rice blast at all concentrations tested by over 75% compared to the non-treatment control. In addition, a mixture of compounds 5 & 6 that constituted 66% of the P. orientalis ethyl acetate fraction also exhibited a moderate disease control efficacy. Together, our data suggest that the methanol extract of P. orientalis including terpenoid compounds has potential as a crop protection agent.

scholarly journals Optimal Control of Plant Disease Epidemics with Clean Seed Usage

2021 ◽  
Vol 83 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
F. M. Hamelin ◽  
B. Bowen ◽  
P. Bernhard ◽  
V. A. Bokil
Keyword(s):  
Optimal Control ◽  
Plant Disease ◽  
Clean Seed ◽  
Disease Epidemics

scholarly journals Rotavirus in infant-toddler day care centers: Epidemiology relevant to disease control strategies

1988 ◽  
Vol 113 (3) ◽  
pp. 435-441 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfred V. Bartlett ◽  
Randall R. Reves ◽  
Larry K. Pickering
Keyword(s):  
Disease Control ◽  
Day Care ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Day Care Centers
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