scholarly journals Interindividual variability in HRV reactivity: autonomic flexibility or regression to the mean?

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dimitriy A. Dimitriev ◽  
Elena V. Saperova ◽  
Olga S. Indeykina ◽  
Aleksey D. Dimitriev
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
State Anxiety ◽  
Interindividual Variability ◽  
Regression To The Mean ◽  
Sinus Arrhythmia ◽  
Baseline Effect ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Statistical Artifact ◽  
Heart Rate Recording

AbstractObjectiveThere is now a substantial body of evidence linking the baseline level of heart rate variability (HRV) with the magnitude of stress-induced reduction in respiratory sinus arrhythmia. However, it remains to be proved to what extent these interindividual differences in stress responses may be attributed to the statistical phenomenon of regression to the mean (RTM). We sought to test the hypothesis that the statistical artifact RTM explains part of the baseline effect.ApproachHeart rate recording was carried out in 1,156 volunteers. To obtain an estimate of the stress response, 148 persons were randomly selected. Participants were monitored on a rest day and just before an academic examination for state anxiety and HRV. Participants were divided into quartiles according to baseline HRV levels and were compared for response to academic stress.Main resultsWe observed a significant reduction in HRV in subjects with a high baseline HRV (> 75th percentile), while a significant increase was found in the group with low baseline HRV. Regression analysis demonstrated that the value of baseline HRV correlated with the magnitude of stress reaction consistent with the RTM model. Baseline-adjusted ANCOVA does not reveal significant intergroup differences in the changes in heart rate (HR) and HRV from rest to exam. RTM-adjusted estimates confirmed an exam effect for HR and HRV.SignificanceThe results of our study strongly support RTM as the source of variability of stress-related changes in HRV.

REGRESSION TO THE MEAN: METHODOLOGICAL ISSUES FOR EVALUATION OF HEART RATE VARIABILITY VARIABLES FOR STRESS ASSESSMENT

2020 ◽  
pp. 100-107
Author(s):  
Dimitriev D.A.
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Regression To The Mean ◽  
Methodological Issues ◽  
Sinus Arrhythmia ◽  
Baseline Effect ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Statistical Artifact ◽  
Heart Rate Recording

There is now a substantial body of evidence linking the baseline level of heart rate variability (HRV) with the magnitude of stress-induced reduction in respiratory sinus arrhythmia. However, it remains to be proved to what extent these interindividual differences in stress responses may be attributed to the statistical phenomenon of regression to the mean (RTM). We sought to test the hypothesis that the statistical artifact RTM explains pan of the baseline effect. Heart rate recording was carried out in 1156 volunteers. To obtain an estimate of the stress response. 148 persons were randomly selected. Participants were monitored on a rest day and just before an academic examination for state anxiety and HRV. Participants were divided into quartiles according to baseline HRV levels and were compared for response to academic stress. We observed a significant reduction in HRV in subjects with a high baseline HRV (> 75th percentile), while a significant increase was found in the group with low baseline HRV. Regression analysis demonstrated that the value of baseline HRV correlated with the magnitude of stress reaction consistent with the RTM model. Baseline-adjusted ANCOVA does not reveal significant intergroup differences in the changes hi heart rate (HR) and HRV from rest to exam. RTM-adjusted estimates confirmed an exam effect for HR and HRV. The results of our study strongly support RTM as the source of variability of stress-related changes in HRV.

Heart rate responses and plasma cortisol concentrations in ewes: comparison between cervical and laparoscopic intrauterine insemination and their associated handling procedures

1998 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 383-387 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Khalid ◽  
W. Haresign ◽  
D. G. Bradley
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Plasma Cortisol ◽  
Intrauterine Insemination ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Cortisol Responses ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Mean Heart Rate

AbstractThis study consisted of two experiments. In experiment 1, stress responses of sheep which were restrained either in a laparoscopy cradle or a roll-over cradle were compared. The results of this experiment indicated that restraint in roll-over cradle is less (P < 0·05) stressful than that in a laparoscopy cradle when assessed in terms of the elevation and duration of both the mean heart rate and plasma cortisol responses. Experiment 2 compared the stress responses of sheep subjected to restraint in a laparoscopy cradle, restraint in a laparoscopy cradle with intrauterine artificial insemination (AI) by laparoscopy, minimal restraint with cervical AI or restraint in a roll-over cradle plus foot-trimming. All treatments resulted in significant elevations in both heart rate and plasma cortisol concentrations (F < 0·001). The peak heart rate was significantly (P < 0·05) higher in ewes subjected to cervical AI than in those subjected to intrauterine insemination, with other treatments intermediate. The peak cortisol response did not differ among different treatments. The duration over which both the mean heart rate and -plasma cortisol concentrations remained significantly elevated above pre-treatment concentrations did not differ among treatment groups. The results of this study suggest that while restraint using a laparoscopy cradle is more stressful than that using a rollover cradle, the stress inflicted by intrauterine insemination by laparoscopy itself is no greater than that due to restraint using the laparoscopy cradle alone, cervical AI or the management practice offoot-trimming using a rollover cradle.

scholarly journals Heart rate variability in mental stress: The data reveal regression to the mean

Data in Brief ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
pp. 245-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dimitriy A. Dimitriev ◽  
Elena V. Saperova ◽  
Olga S. Indeykina ◽  
Aleksey D. Dimitriev
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Mental Stress ◽  
Regression To The Mean ◽  
The Mean

scholarly journals Investigation of the Influence of Swallowing, Coughing and Vocalization on Heart Rate Variability with Respiratory-phase Domain Analysis

2007 ◽  
Vol 46 (02) ◽  
pp. 179-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Tachibana ◽  
K. Takamasu ◽  
K. Kotani
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Reading Aloud ◽  
Domain Analysis ◽  
Respiratory Pattern ◽  
Sinus Arrhythmia ◽  
Phase Domain ◽  
Respiratory Phase ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Normal Respiration

Summary Objectives : The objective of our study is to investigate extrinsic influences on heart rate variability using respiratory-phase domain analysis. Swallowing, coughing and vocalization (reading aloud and conversation) are adopted as extrinsic influences. Methods : In this study, an instantaneous R-R interval (RRI) is sampled at each π/10 rad of the respiratory phase and the data is divided into three subsets: a) respiration with event, b) one respiration after the event, and c) normal respiration. Then the mean waveforms of respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) are calculated and compared. Results and Conclusions : It is found that swallowing induces tachycardia that recovers within one respiration. Coughing also induces tachycardia, but it does not recover within one respiration. Vocalization shortens the mean RRI, but the changing respiratory pattern due to vocalization has no statistically significant influence on the amplitude of RSA. Furthermore, it is found that the proposed method is effective for analyzing extrinsic influences on heart rate variability (HRV).

Lack of peripheral modulation of cardiovascular central oscillatory autonomic activity during apnea in humans

1997 ◽  
Vol 272 (1) ◽  
pp. H123-H129 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Passino ◽  
P. Sleight ◽  
F. Valle ◽  
G. Spadacini ◽  
S. Leuzzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Sinus Arrhythmia ◽  
High Frequency Oscillations ◽  
Baroreceptor Stimulation ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Central Oscillator ◽  
Slow Rhythm ◽  
Normal Respiration

Respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) high-frequency oscillations (HF) and slow fluctuations in heart rate (LF) are thought to result from entrainment of a medullary oscillator, from the baroreflex, or from a combination of both central and baroreflex mechanisms. We sought to distinguish between the alternatives by examining with spectral analysis the behavior of heart rate (R-R interval) and blood pressure in 10 healthy subjects (mean age 27 +/- 1 yr) during apnea, altering the rate of preapnea entrainment stimuli by changing the frequency either of respiration (controlled at 0.1 or 0.25 Hz) or of baroreceptor stimulation by sinusoidal neck suction (0 to -30 mmHg, 0.1 or 0.2 Hz). During apnea the RSA-EF power decreased (from 6.73 +/- 0.15 to 3.67 +/- 0.10 In ms2: P < 0.0001), regardless of preapnea conditions, whereas LF power was reduced only if preceded by 0.1-Hz respiration or neck suction [from 8.71 +/- 0.18 to 6.52 +/- 0.11 In ms2 (P < 0.001) and from 8.31 +/- 0.23 to 6.90 +/- 0.38 In ms2 (P < 0.01), respectively]. The LF frequency seen in the R-R interval during apnea was slower than the spontaneous LF during 0.25-Hz breathing (0.082 +/- 0.01 vs. 0.112 +/- 0.001 Hz, P < 0.001), but the maneuvers during preapnea had no influence on the observed frequency or other characteristics of the slow oscillations during apnea. Moreover, we found no evidence of a progressive decrease in the power of the oscillation during apnea. The same behavior was observed on the mean blood pressure signal. In conclusion, a slow rhythm is present during apnea. In healthy subjects at rest the characteristics of this oscillation indicate that it could be generated by a central oscillator this may thus contribute to the origin of LF present during normal respiration, in addition to the baroreflex.

Respiratory-related heart rate variability persists during central apnea in dogs: mechanisms and implications

1995 ◽  
Vol 78 (6) ◽  
pp. 2003-2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. L. Horner ◽  
D. Brooks ◽  
L. F. Kozar ◽  
K. Gan ◽  
E. A. Phillipson
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Sine Wave ◽  
Central Apnea ◽  
Volume Changes ◽  
Related Activity ◽  
Significant Component ◽  
Sinus Arrhythmia ◽  
Lung Inflation ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Central Apneas

The aim of this study was to determine the mechanism(s) responsible for the persistence of respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) during central apnea. In five awake dogs, heart rate (HR) was recorded during constant mechanical ventilation (MV) and during central apneas produced by cessation of MV. For each of 10 control ventilator cycles before MV was stopped, instantaneous HR was plotted against the time from the onset of lung inflation; the fundamental and first harmonic of a sine wave (at the ventilator frequency) was then fitted to the HR data. For the control cycles, the mean r2 from the curve fits was 0.57 +/- 0.07, showing that a significant component of the HR variability was linked to the ventilator cycle. After MV was stopped, RSA persisted and only by the third "phantom" ventilator cycle during apnea had the degree of fit consistently decreased compared with control dogs (P < 0.02). The persistence of ventilator-linked RSA at the onset of central apnea supports the concept of a "memory" in the respiratory system. Toward the end of central apnea, HR variability reappeared and had the periodicity and rhythmic profile of RSA on 81% of occasions. The presence of RSA-like activity toward the end of central apnea suggests that subthreshold rhythmic respiratory-related activity may be present even before the onset of detectable lung volume changes.

scholarly journals Effekte der Entwicklungsqualität auf die Herzfrequenz, die Aktivitäts- und Ruhezeiten und deren Rhythmizität sowie auf die Wachstumsleistung der Milchrindkälber während der Aufzucht in Gruppenhaltung mit Tränkeautomatenfütterung

2002 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 523-534
Author(s):  
M. Steinhardt ◽  
H.-H. Thielscher
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Dairy Calves ◽  
Hemoglobin Content ◽  
Physiological Variables ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Advanced Development ◽  
Heart Rate Recording

Abstract. Title of the paper: Effects of development quality on heart rate, activity and resting times and their diurnal rhythmicity and on growth of group housed feeder-fed dairy calves To characterize the rhythmicity of physiological variables in dairy calves of different developmental quality and fitness (groups by hemoglobin content of blood) at early gowth (71 German Holstein Friesian, 6 German Red Pied, 36 male and 41 female) long term heart rate recordings were taken at 5, 15, 40 and 60 days of age using Polar Sport Tester, from which the number and duration of activity (ZDA) and resting times (ZDR) and the total daily activity (GZA) and resting time (GZR) could be established. For these periods characteristic heart rate values were calculated (HFA and HFR) and they were analysed for daytime periods of three hours duration at different life ages. Mean HFA and HFR were significantly different between calves of group HbG1, HbG2 and HbG3 at 5 days and 15 days of age and ZDA was significantly different at 5 and 60 days of age. HF and the increase of HF (HFA-HFR) were significantly smaller at 15 days then at 5 days of age. Mean ZDA and GZA and ZDR were greater and the GZR was smaller at 40 and 60 days then at 5 and 15 days of age. Changes of the variables by 40 and 60 days of life took place with different degrees in calves of the three groups. Deviation of HFA and HFR from the mean of the individual daytime heart rate recording showed a rhythmicity that has been affected by feed access of the calves at the feed supply station. Means of ZDA and ZDR were significantly different between daytime periods of three hours duration at the age points. Results show effects of development quality on physiological variables of calves and on the rhythmicity of the variables and what changes occur with advanced development and adaptation of the animals.

scholarly journals Reproducibility of blood pressure and inter-beat interval variability in man

2010 ◽  
pp. S113-S121 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Jíra ◽  
E Závodná ◽  
Z Nováková ◽  
B Fišer ◽  
N Honzíková
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Blood Pressure Variability ◽  
Interindividual Variability ◽  
Spectral Power ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Individual Values ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Instantaneous Values ◽  
The Mean

Increased blood pressure variability (BPV) and decreased interbeat interval (heart rate, respectively) variability (IBIV, HRV respectively) are associated with cardiovascular disorders. The aim of this study was to evaluate the reproducibility of BPV and IBIV (HRV) in young healthy individuals. Blood pressure and inter-beat intervals (instantaneous values of heart rate, respectively) were recorded beat-to-beat at rest (5 min, Finapres, breathing at 0.33 Hz) in 152 subjects (19-24 years) 3 times in periods of one week. Systolic (SBPV0.1r/SBPV0.1a) and diastolic (DBPV0.1r/DBPV0.1a) blood pressure variability in relative (r.u.) and absolute (mmHg2 /Hz) units and inter-beat interval (IBIV0.1r/IBIV0.1a,), or heart rate (HRV0.1r/HRV0.1a) variability in relative (r.u.) and absolute (ms2 /Hz, resp. mHz2 ) units were determined by the spectral method as spectral power at the frequency of 0.1 Hz and 0.33 Hz (SBPV0.33r/SBPV0.33a, DBPV0.33r/DBPV0.33a, IBIV0.33r/IBIV0.33a, HRV0.33r/HRV0.33a). All indices of BPV and IBIV (resp. HRV) revealed a lower intraindividual than interindividual variability (ANOVA; p<0.001). The mean values of all indices in each subject significantly correlated with distribution of individual values in the same subject (Pearson's correlation coefficient; p<0.001). Blood pressure and inter-beat interval (heart rate) variability is an individual characteristic feature.

Measures of RSA Suppression, Attentional Control, and Negative Affect Predict Self-Ratings of Executive Functions

2011 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 164-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian Healy ◽  
Aaron Treadwell ◽  
Mandy Reagan
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Negative Affect ◽  
Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia ◽  
Attentional Control ◽  
Executive Processes ◽  
Sinus Arrhythmia ◽  
Low Levels

The current study was an attempt to determine the degree to which the suppression of respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) and attentional control were influential in the ability to engage various executive processes under high and low levels of negative affect. Ninety-four college students completed the Stroop Test while heart rate was being recorded. Estimates of the suppression of RSA were calculated from each participant in response to this test. The participants then completed self-ratings of attentional control, negative affect, and executive functioning. Regression analysis indicated that individual differences in estimates of the suppression of RSA, and ratings of attentional control were associated with the ability to employ executive processes but only when self-ratings of negative affect were low. An increase in negative affect compromised the ability to employ these strategies in the majority of participants. The data also suggest that high attentional control in conjunction with attenuated estimates of RSA suppression may increase the ability to use executive processes as negative affect increases.

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