scholarly journals Agricultural fungicides inadvertently influence the fitness of Colorado potato beetles,Leptinotarsa decemlineata, and their susceptibility to insecticides

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justin Clements ◽  
Sean Schoville ◽  
Anna Clements ◽  
Dries Amezian ◽  
Tabatha Davis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insecticide Resistance ◽  
Leptinotarsa Decemlineata ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Transcript Abundance ◽  
List Type ◽  
Potato Beetle ◽  
Metabolic Detoxification ◽  
Detoxification Mechanisms ◽  
Phenotypic Responses

AbstractThe Colorado potato beetle (CPB),Leptinotarsa decemlineata(Say), is an agricultural pest of solanaceous crops which has developed insecticide resistance at an alarming rate. Up to this point, little consideration has been given to unintended, or inadvertent effects that non-insecticide xenobiotics may have on insecticide susceptibility inL. decemlineata. Fungicides, such as chlorothalonil and boscalid, are often used to control fungal pathogens in potato fields and are applied at regular intervals whenL. decemlineatapopulations are present in the crop. In order to determine whether fungicide use may be associated with elevated levels of insecticide resistance inL. decemlineata, we examined phenotypic responses inL. decemlineatato the fungicides chlorothalonil and boscalid. Using enzymatic and transcript abundance investigations we also examined modes of molecular detoxification in response to both insecticide (imidacloprid) and fungicide (boscalid and chlorothalonil) application to more specifically determine if fungicides and insecticides induce similar metabolic detoxification mechanisms. Both chlorothalonil and boscalid exposure induced a phenotypic, enzymatic and transcript response inL. decemlineatawhich correlates with known mechanisms of insecticide resistance.Key MessagesPrior-exposure to a fungicidal application changes the phenotypic response ofLeptinotarsa decemlineatato the insecticide imidaclopridBoth a fungicide and insecticide application activates similar molecular mechanisms of detoxification inLeptinotarsa decemlineataFungicidal xenobiotics may contribute to insecticide resistance inLeptinotarsa decemlineataAuthor Contribution StatementJC, SS, CB, AH, and RG conceived and designed research. JC, AC, DA, TD, and BS conducted experiments. JC and AC analyzed data. JC and RG wrote the manuscript. All authors read and approved the manuscript.

INCIDENCE OF INSECTICIDE RESISTANCE IN POPULATIONS OF COLORADO POTATO BEETLE, LEPTINOTARSA DECEMLINEATA (SAY) (COLEOPTERA: CHRYSOMELIDAE), ON PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND

1997 ◽  
Vol 129 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeff G. Stewart ◽  
George G. Kennedy ◽  
Antony V. Sturz
Keyword(s):  
Insecticide Resistance ◽  
Colorado Potato Beetle ◽  
Leptinotarsa Decemlineata ◽  
Prince Edward Island ◽  
Potato Beetle ◽  
Azinphos Methyl ◽  
Leptinotarsa Decemlineata Say

AbstractA survey of 65 populations of Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say), from locations across Prince Edward Island in 1993 indicated that insecticide resistance was widespread, but was most prevalent in the western and central potato-producing areas. Of the populations surveyed, 31, 26, 19, and 4% were classified as resistant to permethrin, carbofuran, azinphos-methyl, and endosulfan, respectively. Of 53 populations surveyed for resistance to these four insecticides, 13, six, four, and one of the populations were classified as resistant to one, two, three, and four insecticides, respectively.

scholarly journals Sequence and Regulatory Variation in Acetylcholinesterase Genes Contribute to Insecticide Resistance in Different populations of Leptinotarsa decemlineata

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aigi Margus ◽  
Saija Piiroinen ◽  
Philipp Lehmann ◽  
Alessandro Grapputo ◽  
Leona Gilbert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insecticide Resistance ◽  
Leptinotarsa Decemlineata ◽  
Target Site ◽  
Individual Species ◽  
Similar Frequency ◽  
Potato Beetle ◽  
Azinphos Methyl ◽  
Genetic Mechanisms ◽  
Geographic Populations ◽  
Two Populations

Although insect herbivores are known to evolve resistance to insecticides through multiple genetic mechanisms, resistance in individual species has been assumed to follow the same mechanism. While both mutations in the target site insensitivity and increased amplification are known to contribute to insecticide resistance, little is known about the degree to which geographic populations of the same species differ at the target site in a response to insecticides. We tested structural (e.g. mutation profiles) and regulatory (e.g. the gene expression of Ldace1 and Ldace2, AChE activity) differences between two populations (Vermont, USA and Belchow, Poland) of the Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata in their resistance to two commonly used groups of insecticides, organophosphates, and carbamates. We established that Vermont beetles were more resistant to azinphos-methyl and carbaryl insecticides compared to Belchow beetles, despite a similar frequency of resistance-associated alleles (i.e. S291G) in the Ldace2 gene. However, the Vermont population had two additional amino acid replacements (G192S, F402Y) in the Ldace1 gene, which were absent in the Belchow population. Moreover, the Vermont population showed higher expression of Ldace1 and was less sensitive to AChE inhibition by azinphos methyl oxon than the Belchow population. Therefore, the two populations have evolved different genetic mechanisms to adapt to organophosphate and carbamate insecticides.

INSECTICIDE RESISTANCE IN NEW BRUNSWICK POPULATIONS OF THE COLORADO POTATO BEETLE (COLEOPTERA: CHRYSOMELIDAE)

1987 ◽  
Vol 119 (5) ◽  
pp. 459-463 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gilles Boiteau ◽  
R.H. Parry ◽  
C.R. Harris
Keyword(s):  
New Brunswick ◽  
Insecticide Resistance ◽  
Colorado Potato Beetle ◽  
Leptinotarsa Decemlineata ◽  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Potato Beetle

AbstractA study conducted between 1982 and 1985 established the presence of a limited number of populations of Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), resistant to carbofuran in New Brunswick. Additional laboratory tests with two field-collected strains indicated that both were resistant to endosulfan; one strain also showed 43- and 37-fold levels of resistance to carbofuran and phosmet, respectively, and low-level (< 10-fold) resistance to permethrin, fenvalerate, disulfoton, and aldicarb. There has been no measurable spread of resistance.

scholarly journals A model species for agricultural pest genomics: the genome of the Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sean D. Schoville ◽  
Yolanda H. Chen ◽  
Martin N. Andersson ◽  
Joshua B. Benoit ◽  
Anita Bhandari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insecticide Resistance ◽  
Colorado Potato Beetle ◽  
Leptinotarsa Decemlineata ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Evolutionary Change ◽  
Rnai Pathway ◽  
Agricultural Pests ◽  
Genomic Changes ◽  
Potato Beetle ◽  
Rapid Evolutionary Change

AbstractThe Colorado potato beetle is one of the most challenging agricultural pests to manage. It has shown a spectacular ability to adapt to a variety of solanaceaeous plants and variable climates during its global invasion, and, notably, to rapidly evolve insecticide resistance. To examine evidence of rapid evolutionary change, and to understand the genetic basis of herbivory and insecticide resistance, we tested for structural and functional genomic changes relative to other arthropod species using genome sequencing, transcriptomics, and community annotation. Two factors that might facilitate rapid evolutionary change include transposable elements, which comprise at least 17% of the genome and are rapidly evolving compared to other Coleoptera, and high levels of nucleotide diversity in rapidly growing pest populations. Adaptations to plant feeding are evident in gene expansions and differential expression of digestive enzymes in gut tissues, as well as expansions of gustatory receptors for bitter tasting. Surprisingly, the suite of genes involved in insecticide resistance is similar to other beetles. Finally, duplications in the RNAi pathway might explain why Leptinotarsa decemlineata has high sensitivity to dsRNA. The L. decemlineata genome provides opportunities to investigate a broad range of phenotypes and to develop sustainable methods to control this widely successful pest.

scholarly journals Genome resequencing reveals rapid, repeated evolution in the Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Pélissié ◽  
Yolanda H. Chen ◽  
Zachary P. Cohen ◽  
Michael S. Crossley ◽  
David J. Hawthorne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Insecticide Resistance ◽  
Colorado Potato Beetle ◽  
Leptinotarsa Decemlineata ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Rapid Evolution ◽  
Genome Resequencing ◽  
Novel Mutations ◽  
Evolutionary Mechanisms ◽  
Potato Beetle

AbstractBackgroundInsecticide resistance and rapid pest evolution threatens food security and the development of sustainable agricultural practices. An improved understanding of the evolutionary mechanisms that allow pests to rapidly adapt to novel control tactics will help prevent economically damaging outbreaks. The Colorado potato beetle (CPB), Leptinotarsa decemlineata, is a global super-pest that rapidly evolves resistance to insecticides. Using whole genome resequencing and transcriptomic data focused on its ancestral and pest range in North America, we assess evidence for three, non-mutually exclusive models of rapid evolution: pervasive selection on novel mutations, rapid regulatory evolution, and repeated selection on standing genetic variation.ResultsPopulation genomic analysis demonstrates that CPB is geographically structured, even among recently established pest populations. Pest populations exhibit only modest reductions in nucleotide diversity, relative to non-pest ancestral populations, and show evidence of recent demographic expansion. Genome scans of selection provide clear signatures of repeated adaptation across different CPB populations, with especially strong evidence that insecticide resistance involves selection of different genes in different populations. Similarly, analyses of gene expression show that constitutive upregulation of candidate insecticide resistance genes drives distinctive population patterns.ConclusionCPB evolves insecticide resistance repeatedly across agricultural regions, and oftentimes at the same loci, supporting a prominent role of polygenic evolution from standing genetic variation. Despite expectations, we do not find support for strong selection on novel mutations, or rapid evolution from selection on regulatory genes. An important future goal will be to understand how polygenic resistance phenotypes spread among local pest populations, in order to refine integrated pest management practices to maintain the efficacy and sustainability of novel control techniques.

scholarly journals The role of structural variants in pest adaptation and genome evolution of the Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zachary Cohen ◽  
D J Hawthorne ◽  
Sean Schoville
Keyword(s):  
Insecticide Resistance ◽  
Colorado Potato Beetle ◽  
Leptinotarsa Decemlineata ◽  
Similar Proportion ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Structural Variations ◽  
Nucleotide Substitutions ◽  
Resistance Evolution ◽  
Potato Beetle ◽  
Leptinotarsa Decemlineata Say

Structural variations (SVs) have been associated with genetic diversity and adaptation in diverse taxa. Despite these observations, it is not yet clear what their relative importance is for microevolution, especially with respect to known drivers of diversity, e.g., nucleotide substitutions, in rapidly adapting species. Here we examine the significance of SVs in pesticide resistance evolution of the agricultural super-pest, the Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata. By employing a trio-binning procedure, we develop near chromosomal reference genomes to characterize structural variation within this species. These updated assemblies represent >100-fold improvement of contiguity and include derived pest and ancestral non-pest individuals. We identify >200,000 SVs, which appear to be non-randomly distributed across the genome as they co-occur with transposable elements. SVs intersect exons for genes associated with insecticide resistance, development, and transcription, most notably cytochrome P450 (CYP) genes. To understand the role that SVs might play in adaptation, we incorporate an additional 66 genomes among pest and non-pest populations of North America into the SV graph. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and SVs have a similar proportion in coding and non-coding regions of the genome, but there is a deficit of SNPs in SVs, suggesting SVs may be under selection. Using multiple lines of evidence, we identify 28 positively selected genes that include 337 SVs and 442 outlier SNPs. Among these, there are four associated with insecticide resistance. Two of these genes (CYP4g15 and glycosyltransferase-13) are physically linked by a structural variant and have previously been shown to be co-induced during insecticide exposure.

scholarly journals Transcriptomic analysis reveals similarities in genetic activation of detoxification mechanisms resulting from imidacloprid and chlorothalonil exposure

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justin Clements ◽  
Benjamin Sanchez-Sedillo ◽  
Christopher Bradfield ◽  
Russell L. Groves
Keyword(s):  
Leptinotarsa Decemlineata ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Transcriptomic Response ◽  
Resistance Development ◽  
Potato Beetle ◽  
Protection Strategies ◽  
Neonicotinoid Insecticide ◽  
History Of ◽  
Detoxification Mechanisms

AbstractThe Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say), is an agricultural pest of commercial potatoes in parts of North America, Europe, and Asia. Plant protection strategies within this geographic range employ a variety of pesticides to combat not only the insect, but also plant pathogens. Previous research has shown that field populations of Leptinotarsa decemlineata have a chronological history of resistance development to a suite of insecticides, including the Group 4A neonicotinoids. The aim of this study is to contextualize the transcriptomic response of Leptinotarsa decemlineata when exposed to the neonicotinoid insecticide imidacloprid, or the fungicides boscalid or chlorothalonil, in order to determine whether these compounds induce similar detoxification mechanisms. We found that chlorothalonil and imidacloprid induced similar patterns of transcript expression, including the up-regulation of a cytochrome p450 and a UDP-glucuronosyltransferase transcript, which are often associated with xenobiotic metabolism. Further, transcriptomic responses varied among individuals within the same treatment group, suggesting individual insects’ responses vary within a population and may cope with chemical stressors in a variety of manners. These results further our understanding of the mechanisms involved in insecticide resistance in Leptinotarsa decemlineata.Author Contribution StatementConceived and designed the experiments: JC, CB, RLG. Performed the experiments: JC, BSS. Analyzed the data: JC, BSS. Wrote the paper: JC, BSS, RLG.

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