scholarly journals Impact of Crystallography on Design of Cathode Materials for Li-ion Batteries

2014 ◽  
Vol 70 (a1) ◽  
pp. C20-C20
Author(s):  
Evgeny Antipov ◽  
Nellie Khasanova
Keyword(s):  
Transition Metal ◽  
Cathode Materials ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Li Ion Batteries ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Storage Devices ◽  
Li Ion

Ninety percent of the energy produced today come from fossil fuels, making dramatically negative impact on our future due to rapid consumption of these energy sources, ecological damage and climate change. This justifies development of the renewable energy sources and concurrently efficient large storage devices capable to replace fossil fuels. Li-ion batteries have originally been developed for portable electronic devices, but nowadays new application niches are envisaged in electric vehicles and stationary energy storages. However, to satisfy the needs of these rapidly growing applications, Li-ion batteries require further significant improvement of their properties: capacity and power, cyclability, safety and cost. Cathode is the key part of the Li-ion batteries largely determining their performance. Severe requirements are imposed on a cathode material, which should provide fast reversible intercalation of Li-ions at redox potential close to the upper boundary of electrolyte stability window, possess relatively low molecular weight and exhibit small volume variation upon changing Li-concentration. First generation of the cathode materials for the Li-ion batteries based on the spinel (LiM2O4, M – transition metal) or rock-salt derivatives (LiMO2) has already been widely commercialised. However, the potential to further improve the performance of these materials is almost exhausted. The compounds, containing lithium and transition metal cations together with different polyanions (XmOn)p- (X=B, P, S, Si), are now considered as the most promising cathode materials for the next generation of the Li-ion batteries. Covalently-bonded structural frameworks in these compounds offer long-term structural stability, which is essential for good cyclability and safety. Further advantages are expected from combining different anions (such as (XO4)p- and F- ) in the anion sublattice, with the hope to enhance the specific energy and power of these materials. Various fluoride-phosphates and fluoride-sulphates have been recently discovered, and some of them exhibit attractive electrochemical performance. An overview of the research on the cathode materials for the Li-ion batteries will be presented with special emphasis on crystallography as a guide towards improved properties important for practical applications.

scholarly journals Perspectives on Li and transition metal fluoride phosphates as cathode materials for a new generation of Li-ion batteries

IUCrJ ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evgeny V. Antipov ◽  
Nellie R. Khasanova ◽  
Stanislav S. Fedotov
Keyword(s):  
Transition Metal ◽  
Specific Energy ◽  
Cathode Materials ◽  
Mixed Oxides ◽  
Inorganic Compounds ◽  
Metal Fluoride ◽  
Li Ion Batteries ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Li Ion ◽  
New Generation

To satisfy the needs of rapidly growing applications, Li-ion batteries require further significant improvements of their key properties: specific energy and power, cyclability, safety and costs. The first generation of cathode materials for Li-ion batteries based on mixed oxides with either spinel or rock-salt derivatives has already been widely commercialized, but the potential to improve the performance of these materials further is almost exhausted. Li and transition metal inorganic compounds containing different polyanions are now considered as the most promising cathode materials for the next generation of Li-ion batteries. Further advances in cathode materials are considered to lie in combining different anions [such as (XO4)n−and F−] in the anion sublattice, which is expected to enhance the specific energy and power of these materials. This review focuses on recent advances related to the new class of cathode materials for Li-ion batteries containing phosphate and fluoride anions. Special attention is given to their crystal structures and the relationships between structure and properties, which are important for their possible practical applications.

Transition-metal chlorides as conversion cathode materials for Li-ion batteries

2012 ◽  
Vol 68 ◽  
pp. 202-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ting Li ◽  
Zhong X. Chen ◽  
Yu L. Cao ◽  
Xin P. Ai ◽  
Han X. Yang
Keyword(s):  
Transition Metal ◽  
Cathode Materials ◽  
Li Ion Batteries ◽  
Metal Chlorides ◽  
Li Ion

Li-rich layer-structured cathode materials for high energy Li-ion batteries

2014 ◽  
Vol 07 (04) ◽  
pp. 1430002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liu Li ◽  
Kim Seng Lee ◽  
Li Lu
Keyword(s):  
Cathode Materials ◽  
High Capacity ◽  
Rate Capability ◽  
Reversible Capacity ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Li Ion Batteries ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Depth Study ◽  
Li Ion ◽  
Charge Discharge

Li -rich layer-structured x Li 2 MnO 3 ⋅ (1 - x) LiMO 2 ( M = Mn , Ni , Co , etc.) materials have attracted much attention due to their extraordinarily high reversible capacity as the cathode material in Li -ion batteries. To better understand the nature of this type of materials, this paper reviews history of development of the Li -rich cathode materials, and provides in-depth study on complicated crystal structures and reaction mechanisms during electrochemical charge/discharge cycling. Despite the fabulous capability at low rate, several drawbacks still gap this type of high-capacity cathode materials from practical applications, for instance the large irreversible capacity loss at first cycle, poor rate capability, severe voltage decay and capacity fade during electrochemical charge/discharge cycling. This review will also address mechanisms for these inferior properties and propose various possible solutions to solve above issues for future utilization of these cathode materials in commercial Li -ion batteries.

scholarly journals Risks of switching to renewable energy sources

2021 ◽  
Vol 101 ◽  
pp. 01010
Author(s):  
E.S. Romanova ◽  
A.A. Masalkova
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Energy Transition ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
International Treaties ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2

This research work is devoted to the issue of studying the key risks of switching to renewable energy sources. The relevance of the topic of work is determined by the fact that, according to climatologists [5], climate change, which has a negative impact on the environment, is caused by the emission of greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide (CO2). For this reason, measures to prevent or reduce greenhouse gas emissions are at the heart of the energy transition. International treaties such as the Kyoto Protocol and the Paris Agreement lay the foundations for global action to combat climate change and implement a fourth energy transition. The energy transition is characterized by a number of incentives and barriers. Despite the fact that there are many scenarios for the development of the global energy sector by 2050, the expected transformations of the energy market lead to a significant redistribution of the ratio of the shares of hydrocarbon sources and renewable energy sources [16]. The trend towards fossil fuels is on the rise. These transformations in the market are determined not only by the climate agenda, but also by the concept of sustainable economic development.

scholarly journals A Review of Energy Storage Technologies’ Application Potentials in Renewable Energy Sources Grid Integration

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (24) ◽  
pp. 10511
Author(s):  
Henok Ayele Behabtu ◽  
Maarten Messagie ◽  
Thierry Coosemans ◽  
Maitane Berecibar ◽  
Kinde Anlay Fante ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Storage ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Grid Integration ◽  
Li Ion Batteries ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Li Ion ◽  
Utility Grid ◽  
Storage Technologies

Renewable energy sources (RESs) such as wind and solar are frequently hit by fluctuations due to, for example, insufficient wind or sunshine. Energy storage technologies (ESTs) mitigate the problem by storing excess energy generated and then making it accessible on demand. While there are various EST studies, the literature remains isolated and dated. The comparison of the characteristics of ESTs and their potential applications is also short. This paper fills this gap. Using selected criteria, it identifies key ESTs and provides an updated review of the literature on ESTs and their application potential to the renewable energy sector. The critical review shows a high potential application for Li-ion batteries and most fit to mitigate the fluctuation of RESs in utility grid integration sector. However, for Li-ion batteries to be fully adopted in the RESs utility grid integration, their cost needs to be reduced.

FUNCTIONAL CATHODE MATERIALS FOR Li-ION BATTERIES — PART I: FUNDAMENTALS

2008 ◽  
Vol 01 (02) ◽  
pp. 91-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
JANINA MOLENDA ◽  
JACEK MARZEC
Keyword(s):  
Electronic Structure ◽  
Transition Metal ◽  
Chemical Bonding ◽  
Lithium Batteries ◽  
Cathode Materials ◽  
Lithium Intercalation ◽  
Li Ion Batteries ◽  
Metal Compounds ◽  
Li Ion ◽  
Materials Used

The paper presents basics of the lithium intercalation process into cathode materials used in lithium batteries. The ability and efficiency of lithium intercalation into transition metal compounds have been shown to depend strongly on their electronic structure. A correlation between chemical bonding, electronic structure and electrochemical properties of the cathode materials Li x M a X b (M = transition metal; X = O , S , Se ) has been pointed out.

scholarly journals High-Performance Li-Rich Layered Transition Metal Oxide Cathode Materials for Li-Ion Batteries

2019 ◽  
Vol 166 (3) ◽  
pp. A5333-A5342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Redel ◽  
Andrzej Kulka ◽  
Anna Plewa ◽  
Janina Molenda
Keyword(s):  
Transition Metal ◽  
Metal Oxide ◽  
Cathode Materials ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Transition Metal Oxide ◽  
Li Ion Batteries ◽  
Oxide Cathode ◽  
Li Ion ◽  
Layered Transition Metal

An overview of current status and prospects of cathode materials based on transition metal sulfides for magnesium-ion batteries

CrystEngComm ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ke-Jing Huang ◽  
Yong-Ping Gao ◽  
Jing Xu ◽  
Hui Lu ◽  
Ya-Xi Pang
Keyword(s):  
Transition Metal ◽  
Service Life ◽  
Cathode Materials ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Metal Sulfides ◽  
Magnesium Ion ◽  
Li Ion Batteries ◽  
Transition Metal Sulfides ◽  
Li Ion ◽  
Magnesium Ion Batteries

Magnesium-ion batteries (MIBs) are one of the alternatives for current Li-ion batteries (LIBs) as future electronic equipment power with high security, low expense, and long service life. Developing cathode active...

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