Estimating wage functions and wage discrimination using data from the 1995 Swiss labour force survey: a double‐selectivity approach

1998 ◽  
Vol 19 (7) ◽  
pp. 486-506 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fred Henneberger ◽  
Alfonso Sousa‐Poza
Keyword(s):  
Labour Force ◽  
Wage Discrimination ◽  
Labour Force Survey ◽  
Using Data

Early Retirement in a Period of High Unemployment

1988 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 313-333 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank Laczko ◽  
Angela Dale ◽  
Sara Arber ◽  
G. Nigel Gilbert
Keyword(s):  
Early Retirement ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Older Men ◽  
Income Poverty ◽  
Labour Force Survey ◽  
Low Incomes ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Unemployed ◽  
General Household Survey

ABSTRACTEarly retirement is a policy for tackling unemployment which is popular among unions, employers and government, but there has been little recent research on its social implications for the individuals concerned. This article examines the reasons given by older men for retiring early and investigates the extent of income poverty in early retirement. Particular attention is paid to how early retirement is defined and to the differences between the early retired, the sick and the unemployed. Using data for men aged 60–64 from the General Household Survey for the years 1980–82 and from the Labour Force Survey of 1983, it is shown that ill-health is a less important reason for retirement than previous studies have suggested and that those who retire early are divided by class, with manual workers being more likely to retire early because of redundancy and more likely to be living on very low incomes than non-manual workers.

Older Workers and the Peripheral Workforce: The Erosion of Gender Differences

1988 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela Dale ◽  
Claire Bamford
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Older Workers ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Retirement Age ◽  
Employment Rate ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Labour Force Survey ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Using Data

ABSTRACTAt a time when the proportion of full-time permanent jobs is decreasing and there is evidence of a growth in ‘peripheral’ forms of work, it is important to review the position of older workers, both men and women. Using data from the Labour Force Survey of 1984, it is shown that, while the employment rate falls sharply in the ten-year period prior to state retirement age, it is only those of post-retirement age who are disproportionately represented in peripheral forms of work. It is suggested that some ‘peripheral’ forms of work allow greater flexibility in age of retirement than permanent full-time jobs. While there are clear gender differences among those of pre-retirement age, with a higher proportion of women than men in peripheral jobs, there is a marked erosion of these gender differences amongst men and women who work beyond state retirement age.

Trends in Parental Employment

1995 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 421-444 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Harrop ◽  
Peter Moss
Keyword(s):  
Labour Force ◽  
Black Mothers ◽  
Labour Force Survey ◽  
Parental Employment ◽  
Lone Mothers ◽  
Dual Earner ◽  
White Mothers ◽  
Employment Trends ◽  
Using Data

Using data from the Labour Force Survey to model trends from 1981 to 1989, the paper examines developments in employment among women and men with children and compares them to employment trends among women and men without children. Employment increased faster among women with children than among women without, and grew faster among certain groups of mothers, in particular mothers with fewer and younger children, among white mothers and mothers living with employed partners, and among mothers with higher levels of qualification. Employment grew more slowly, or fell, among mothers with three or more children; mothers with no qualifications; black mothers; mothers with non-employed partners; and lone mothers. The paper also looks at parental employment within families and, in particular, the marked growth of dual earner families in the 1980s. The reasons and consequences for some of these trends are also considered.

scholarly journals Labour Underutilisation in New Zealand

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophie Flynn ◽  
Andrea Fromm
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Working Group ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
International Labour Organization ◽  
Labour Force Survey ◽  
Analysis And Evaluation ◽  
Unmet Demand ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Household Labour ◽  
Made In

The purpose of this paper is to introduce a preliminary measure of labour underutilisation in New Zealand using data from the Household Labour Force Survey (HLFS). Underutilisation measures add value to the suite of labour market indicators already available from the HLFS. In particular, the underutilisation rate complements the unemployment rate by providing a broader picture of unmet demand for paid employment in New Zealand. The concept of underutilisation and the necessity to measure underutilisation is based on recommendations of an International Labour Organization (ILO) Working Group on Underutilisation made in 2008. The Working Group recommended that ‘... the statistical community should devote serious efforts to introduce, at a par with unemployment, a supplementary concept which measures the employment problem as experienced by individual workers.’ The development of underutilisation measures is also important to mirror changes in increasingly transitional labour markets and to enable analysis and evaluation of these changes.

scholarly journals The Return to a University Education in Great Britain

2005 ◽  
Vol 193 ◽  
pp. 75-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nigel C. O'Leary ◽  
Peter J. Sloane
Keyword(s):  
Great Britain ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
University Education ◽  
Rate Of Return ◽  
Labour Force Survey ◽  
Considerable Heterogeneity ◽  
Important Policy ◽  
Broad Subject ◽  
Using Data

In this paper, we estimate the rate of return to first degrees, Masters degrees and PhDs in Britain using data from the Labour Force Survey. We estimate returns to broad subject groups and more narrowly defined disciplines, distinguishing returns by gender and controlling for variations in student quality across disciplines. The results reveal considerable heterogeneity in returns to particular degree programmes and by gender, which have important policy implications for charging students for the costs of their education.

scholarly journals Underutiilsed Labour: More than the Unemployed?

1970 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Hall
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Unemployment Rate ◽  
Employment Growth ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Labour Force Survey ◽  
Large Drop ◽  
Important Group ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Household Labour ◽  
The Unemployed

The official unemployment rate in New Zealand has been below 5%for nearly six years and reached a 22-year low of 3.4% in late 2007. However, official unemployment statistics understate the availability of labour given they do not include an important group of people who want to work - the marginally attached. These are people who want to work, but are either not available or not actively seeking work and therefore are not classified as unemployed.   But how different are those people that are marginally attached to the labour force compared to the unemployed? Since 1999, strong employment growth has coincided with a large drop in unemployment but the number of people marginally attached to the labour force has fallen only slightly. Using data from the Household Labour Force Survey, this paper tries to explain the reasons behind this by examining trends in those marginally attached to the labour force and whether this group is significantly different to the officially unemployed. While it is sometimes argued that those marginally attached to the labour force should be combined with the officially unemployed to give a measure of excess supply, this paper investigates whether this is sensible given they appear to be two distinct groups.

Child care: implications for overweight / obesity in Canadian children?

2012 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
L McLaren ◽  
M Zarrabi ◽  
DJ Dutton ◽  
MC Auld ◽  
JCH Emery
Keyword(s):  
Child Care ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Ongoing Research ◽  
Daycare Centre ◽  
Relative Care ◽  
Participation Of Women ◽  
Sociodemographic Correlates ◽  
Using Data

Introduction Over recent decades, two prominent trends have been observed in Canada and elsewhere: increasing prevalence of childhood overweight and obesity, and increasing participation of women (including mothers) in the paid labour force and resulting demand for child care options. While an association between child care and children's body mass index (BMI) is plausible and would have policy relevance, its existence and nature in Canada is not known. Methods Using data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Children and Youth, we examined exposure to three types of care at age 2/3 years (care by non-relative, care by relative, care in a daycare centre) in relation to change in BMI percentile (continuous and categorical) between age 2/3 years and age 6/7 years, adjusting for health and sociodemographic correlates. Results Care by a non-relative was associated with an increase in BMI percentile between age 2/3 years and age 6/7 years for boys, and for girls from households of low income adequacy. Conclusion Considering the potential benefits of high-quality formal child care for an array of health and social outcomes and the potentially adverse effects of certain informal care options demonstrated in this study and others, our findings support calls for ongoing research on the implications of diverse child care experiences for an array of outcomes including those related to weight.

scholarly journals Self-employment as a stepping stone to better labor market matching: a comparison between immigrants and natives

2020 ◽  
Vol 86 (4) ◽  
pp. 479-501
Author(s):  
Magdalena Ulceluse
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Labour Force Survey ◽  
Self Employment ◽  
Barriers To Employment ◽  
Labor Market Matching ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
The Eu

AbstractThe paper investigates the relation between overeducation and self-employment, in a comparative analysis between immigrants and natives. Using the EU Labour Force Survey for the year 2012 and controlling for a list of demographic characteristics and general characteristics of 30 destination countries, it finds that the likelihood of being overeducated decreases for self-employed immigrants, with inconclusive results for self-employed natives. The results shed light on the extent to which immigrants adjust to labor market imperfections and barriers to employment and might help explain the higher incidence of self-employment that immigrants exhibit, when compared to natives. This is the first study to systematically study the nexus between overeducation and self-employment in a comparative framework. Moreover, the paper tests the robustness of the results by employing two different measures of overeducation, contributing to the literature of the measurement of overeducation.

scholarly journals Covid-19 and The Gender Gap in Employment Among Parents of Young Children in Canada

2021 ◽  
pp. 089124322110012
Author(s):  
Sylvia Fuller ◽  
Yue Qian
Keyword(s):  
Gender Equity ◽  
Gender Gap ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Work Hours ◽  
Labour Force Survey ◽  
Educational Inequalities ◽  
Class Inequality ◽  
Employment Barriers ◽  
Employment Gap ◽  
Structural Shifts

Economic and social disruptions of the COVID-19 pandemic have important implications for gender and class inequality. Drawing on Statistics Canada’s monthly Labour Force Survey, we document trends in gender gaps in employment and work hours over the pandemic (February–October 2020). Our findings highlight the importance of care provisions for gender equity, with gaps larger among parents than people without children, and most pronounced when care and employment were more difficult to reconcile. When employment barriers eased, so did the gender–employment gap. The pandemic could not undo longer-standing cultural and structural shifts motivating contemporary mothers’ employment. The pandemic also exacerbated educational inequalities among women, highlighting the importance of assessing gendered impacts through an intersectional lens.

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