The processes of inclusion and exclusion

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 565-592 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colleen Hayes ◽  
Kerry Jacobs
Keyword(s):  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Accounting Profession ◽  
Content Type ◽  
White Middle Class ◽  
Unique Experience ◽  
Class Status ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Second World ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to revisit the issue of the entry of women into the Anglo-Australian accounting profession in the Second World War and provide insights on the role that gender, class, and ethnicity played in mediating women’s relations with the accounting profession in that period. Design/methodology/approach The study is based on the narratives of three women from diverse social backgrounds who entered the Anglo-Australian profession during this period. Findings The analysis indicates that while participants had the mindset needed for accounting work, the more removed the individual’s perceived social identity was from her perception of the dominant British, white, middle-class ideology of the profession, the less likely she was to embrace the opportunity to join the accounting profession. The distance was anchored in social (ethnicity and class) and historical forces. The study also finds that the appropriation of education and credentials ameliorated disadvantages accruing from gender and working-class status. Practical implications This study has implications for our understanding of the accounting profession and what is required to reduce the risks of marginalization in a contemporary setting. Originality/value The study provides a richer understanding of how class and ethnicity shape the female experience differently. The results also demonstrate that in times of social change, the processes of inclusion and exclusion are not confined to the deliberations of the accounting profession but also the individual. Whether the women valued accounting as an occupation depended on whether or not if offered them the freedom to achieve what they valued most. At the same time, however, the freedom to realize what they valued most was a function of class and ethnicity. Finally, the results demonstrate the capacity of unique experience to shape the perceptions, aspirations and actions of women.

Education for tourism: a perspective article

2019 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 260-262
Author(s):  
David Airey
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Social Implications ◽  
World War ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Major Field ◽  
Long Period ◽  
Tourism Education ◽  
Second World ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose This paper aims to provide a short scholarly review on the development of tourism education that contributes to the celebration of 75 years of the Tourism Review. Design/methodology/approach The paper is based on selective literature on the topic. Findings Tourism education has developed into a major field of study in the period since the Second World War, but after a long period of growth, it now faces some important challenges. Research limitations/implications The paper is based on selective literature. Practical implications The review provides a brief overview of the development and challenges for tourism education. Social implications The review provides a brief overview of the development and challenges for tourism education. Originality/value The paper provides a brief overview of developments.

Ten top tips for small to medium enterprise (SME) success

2014 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 14-17
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
Business Owners ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Medium Enterprise ◽  
Pertinent Information ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Second World ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose – This paper aims to review the latest management developments across the globe and pinpoint practical implications from cutting-edge research and case studies. Design/methodology/approach – This briefing is prepared by an independent writer who adds their own impartial comments and places the articles in context. Findings – Owner-managed businesses were once the backbone of successful industry in the UK. However in the post-Second World War decades “big business” became the preferred model, with industries developing around new technologies. Today, as large industry is increasingly moving to countries with lower human-resource costs, the small to medium-sized enterprise (SME) is becoming the business model of choice for UK entrepreneurs. Understanding what makes a SME succeed or fail can provide guidance to both individual business owners and government agencies tasked with promoting economic growth. Practical implications – The paper provides strategic insights and practical thinking that have influenced some of the world's leading organizations. Originality/value – The briefing saves busy executives and researchers hours of reading time by selecting only the very best, most pertinent information and presenting it in a condensed and easy-to-digest format.

Teaching giants to learn: lessons from army learning in World War II

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 159-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Max Visser
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Learning Organizations ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Learning Capacity ◽  
Second World ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose This paper aims to discuss the “truism” that learning organizations cannot be large organizations and, conversely, that large organizations cannot be learning organizations. This paper analyzes learning in the German and US armies in the Second World War, based on a four-dimensional model of the learning organization. Design/methodology/approach The paper entails a secondary analysis of historical and military sources and data. Findings It is found that the German and US armies differed in learning capacity, which can be plausibly, but not exclusively, related to differences in the battlefield performance between those armies in the Second World War. Research limitations/implications The research scope of the paper is limited to the analysis of two particular armies in the Second World War. Implications of theory reside in the importance of organizational learning capacity and its dimensions for learning in current organizations. Practical implications The paper has clear practical implications for large organizations wishing to become effective and responsible learning organizations. Originality/value This is among the first organizational papers to analyze army learning in the Second World War and to derive lessons from that analysis for current large organizations.

Organizational learning capability and battlefield performance

2016 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 573-590 ◽  
Author(s):  
Max Visser
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Learning ◽  
Learning Organization ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
British Army ◽  
World War ◽  
Learning Capability ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Second World ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose While intended as a bridge between the concepts of learning organization and organizational learning, current conceptualizations of organizational learning capability still predominantly lean toward the learning organization side, specifically directed at profit firms. The purpose of this paper is to propose a four-dimensional model of organization learning capability that leans more toward the organizational learning side, specifically directed at nonprofit and government organizations in general, and army organizations in particular. This model is applied to the British Army in the Second World War. Design/methodology/approach The paper entails a secondary analysis of historical and military sources and data. Findings It is found that the British Army possessed only a moderate learning capability, which can be plausibly, but not exclusively, related to differences in battlefield performance between the British and the German Army in the Second World War. Research limitations/implications The research scope of the paper is limited to the analysis of one particular army in the Second World War. Implications for theory reside in the importance of organizational learning capability and its dimensions to the effectiveness of “lessons learned” processes inside organizations. Practical implications The paper has clear practical implications for armies and organizations that resemble armies in one or more aspects, like prisons, correctional facilities, police forces, hospitals, mental institutions and fire departments. Originality/value The paper ranks among the first organizational papers to analyze army operations and functioning from the perspective of organizational learning capability.

Therapeutic communities and group analysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Lees ◽  
Rex Haigh ◽  
Sarah Tucker
Keyword(s):  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Group Analysis ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Illustrative Case ◽  
Therapeutic Communities ◽  
World War ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Second World ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to highlight theoretical and clinical similarities between therapeutic communities (TCs) and group analysis (GA). Design/methodology/approach Literature review shows comparison of TC and group-analytic concepts with illustrative case material. Findings Findings reveal many similarities between TCs and GA, but also significant divergences, particularly in practice. Practical implications This paper provides theoretical basis for TC practice, and highlights the need for greater theorising of TC practice. Social implications This paper highlights the importance of group-based treatment approaches in mental health. Originality/value This is the first paper to review the relevant literature and compare theory and practice in TCs and GA, highlighting their common roots in the Northfields Experiments in the Second World War.

Brand 2.0: what could this mean for Adidas, Nike, Puma and Levi’s?

2015 ◽  
Vol 31 (7) ◽  
pp. 5-7 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Reading Time ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Purchasing Decisions ◽  
World War ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Pertinent Information ◽  
New Generation ◽  
Second World ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose – Reviews the latest management developments across the globe and pinpoints practical implications from cutting-edge research and case studies. Design/methodology/approach – This briefing is prepared by an independent writer who adds their own impartial comments and places the articles in context. Findings – A brand is a brand, right? Everything we have been taught about brands and the value of brands has been pretty constant for decades. Ever since the first business schools and marketing thought leaders started studying the phenomenon after the Second World War, the idea of what a brand is, how people regard them and what part they play in purchasing decisions has changed little. But what if either some assumptions were wrong in the first place, or things have changed for a new generation of consumers today? Practical implications – Provides strategic insights and practical thinking that have influenced some of the world’s leading organizations. Originality/value – The briefing saves busy executives and researchers hours of reading time by selecting only the very best, most pertinent information and presenting it in a condensed and easy-to-digest format.

Experiencing historical empathy's humanizing lenses: adolescents' interpretative flights

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sherri Colby
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
World War ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Historical Empathy ◽  
The Past ◽  
Historical Figures ◽  
Second World ◽  
Practical Implications

PurposeDefined as perceiving the past via the lens of former peoples, historical empathy engenders rich cognitive and affective understandings. Drawing on Ricoeur's hermeneutics (1981, 2004), this paper departs from previous work on historical empathy by conceiving empathy as dialogically mediated by sociocultural and narrative perceptions.Design/methodology/approachThis hermeneutic phenomenology explores eight adolescents' engagements with primary sources from the Second World War.FindingsThis study reveals the power of empathy to draw the students into the past and to investigate sources. Alternately, the students struggled with fanciful elaborations and overidentifications with historical figures.Practical implicationsCultivating wise judgments begins with accepting the inherent link between students' historicity and historical empathy and then teaching students to wisely interpret.Originality/valueThis study broadens historical empathy's framework to include Ricoeur's hermeneutic philosophies of narrative and history.

The US battle against brand marketing: circa 1930-1980

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ross D. Petty
Keyword(s):  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Consumer Movement ◽  
Brand Marketing ◽  
The Us ◽  
Us Government ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Second World

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the debate about brand marketing that occurred as part of the 1930s consumer movement and continued after the Second World War in academic and regulatory circles. Design/methodology/approach This paper presents an historical account of the anti-brand marketing movement using a qualitative approach. It examines both primary and secondary historical sources as well as legal statutes, regulatory agency actions, judicial cases and newspaper and trade journal stories. Findings In response to the rise of brand marketing in the latter 1800s and early 1900s, the USA experienced an anti-brand marketing movement that lasted half a century. The first stage was public as part of the consumer movement but was overshadowed by the product safety and truth-in-advertising concerns. The consumer movement stalled when the USA entered the Second World War, but brand marketing continued to raise questions during the war as the US government attempted to regulate the provisions of goods during the war. After the war, the public accepted brand marketing. Continuing anti-brand marketing criticism was largely confined to academic writings and regulatory activities. Ultimately, many of the stage-two challenges to brand marketing went nowhere, but a few led to regulations that continue today. Originality/value This paper is the first to recognize a two-stage anti-brand marketing movement in the USA from 1929 to 1980 that has left a small but significant modern-day regulatory legacy.

Liberal Approaches

2018 ◽  
pp. 99-115
Author(s):  
John M. Owen
Keyword(s):  
International Institutions ◽  
International Security ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Transnational Terrorism ◽  
Liberal Democracies ◽  
International Environment ◽  
The Individual ◽  
International Success ◽  
Second World

Liberalism always has been concerned with the security of the individual against violence and deprivation. Liberal approaches to international security focus on institutions, or collectively held rules, as mediating between material variables and international outcomes. States are arenas of contestation among individuals and groups, and differ according to their institutions. International realms are distinguished by the number, type, and membership of institutions. The realms are linked: liberal democracies construct and maintain liberal international institutions. As the increase of peaceful, wealthy democracies since the Second World War shows, these states have relatively secure citizens and enjoy comparative international success. In the future, the liberal order could be weakened by the ongoing rise of nonliberal China; escalations of transnational terrorism; and alienation from liberalism within the wealthy democracies. Future liberal security scholarship should attend to differences among non-democracies; causal links between domestic and international institutions; and the co-evolution of states and the international environment.

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