Mathematical modeling of induction surface hardening

2016 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 1403-1417 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerzy Barglik
Keyword(s):  
Critical Temperature ◽  
Surface Hardening ◽  
Numerical Models ◽  
Induction Hardening ◽  
Dual Frequency ◽  
Proper Selection ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Induction Surface Hardening ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Upper Critical Temperature

Purpose – As far as the author knows the modeling of induction surface hardening is still a challenge. The purpose of this paper is to present both mathematical models of continuous and simultaneous hardening processes and exemplary results of computations and measurements. The upper critical temperature Ac3 is determined from the Time Temperature Austenization diagram for investigated steel. Design/methodology/approach – Computation of coupled electromagnetic, thermal and hardness fields is based on the finite element methods, while the hardness distribution is determined by means of experimental dependence derived from the continuous cooling temperature diagram for investigated steel. Findings – The presented results may be used as a theoretical background for design of inductor-sprayer systems in continual and simultaneous arrangements and a proper selection of their electromagnetic and thermal parameters. Research limitations/implications – The both models reached a quite good accuracy validated by the experiments. Next work in the field should be aimed at further improvement of numerical models in order to shorten the computation time. Practical implications – The results may be used for designing induction hardening systems and proper selection of field current and cooling parameters. Originality/value – Complete mathematical and numerical models for continuous and simultaneous surface induction hardening including dual frequency induction heating of gear wheels. Experimental validation of achieved results. Taking into account dependence of the upper critical temperature Ac3 on speed of heating.

Influence of the magnetic permeability on modeling of induction surface hardening

2017 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 555-564 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerzy Barglik ◽  
Albert Smalcerz
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Permeability ◽  
Surface Hardening ◽  
Calculation Model ◽  
Temperature Fields ◽  
Hardness Distribution ◽  
Current Frequency ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Magnetic Strength ◽  
Gear Wheels ◽  
Induction Surface Hardening

Purpose Modeling of induction surface hardening strongly depends on accuracy of material properties data and their temperature characteristics. However, it is especially complicated in case of the magnetic permeability dependent not only on temperature but also on the magnetic strength. This paper aims to estimate the influence of the magnetic permeability on modeling of coupled physical fields describing the process. Investigations are provided for the gear wheels made of the steel C45E. Design/methodology/approach Computation of coupled electromagnetic temperature and hardness fields is based on FEM methods. The Flux 3D software is applied for the numerical simulation of coupled electromagnetic and temperature fields. The QT Steel software is applied for a determination of the hardness and microstructure distributions. Findings Obtained results may be used as a kind of background for the design of induction surface hardening systems. Research limitations/implications The presented calculation model provided quite a good accuracy of hardness distribution validated by the experiments. Next work in the field should be aimed at taking into account a dependence of the magnetic permeability on the field current frequency. Originality/value Mathematical model of induction surface hardening with taking into account time dependence on the magnetic permeability on temperature and magnetic strength is elaborated. Experimental validation of hardness distribution is provided. A quite reasonable convergence between simulations and measurements was achieved.

Process Simulation of Single and Dual Frequency Induction Surface Hardening Considering Magnetic Nonlinearity

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. MPC-2012-0007
Author(s):  
Maximilian Schwenk ◽  
Martin Fisk ◽  
Tord Cedell ◽  
Jürgen Hoffmeister ◽  
Volker Schulze ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Process Simulation ◽  
Surface Hardening ◽  
Dual Frequency ◽  
Induction Surface Hardening

Process Simulation of Single and Dual Frequency Induction Surface Hardening Considering Magnetic Nonlinearity

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 104374 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maximilian Schwenk ◽  
Martin Fisk ◽  
Tord Cedell ◽  
Jürgen Hoffmeister ◽  
Volker Schulze ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Process Simulation ◽  
Surface Hardening ◽  
Dual Frequency ◽  
Induction Surface Hardening

scholarly journals The Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Cylindrical Elements from Steel 38Mn6 after Continuous Induction Heating

2016 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 1969-1974 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Smalcerz ◽  
J. Barglik ◽  
D. Kuc ◽  
K. Ducki ◽  
S. Wasiński
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Surface Hardening ◽  
Induction Hardening ◽  
Hardened Layer ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Hardening Process ◽  
Microstructure And Mechanical Properties ◽  
University Of Technology ◽  
Induction Surface Hardening ◽  
Continuous Induction

Abstract The paper deals with the influence of induction surface hardening on the microstructure and mechanical properties of cylindrical elements made of steel 38Mn6. The first stage was based on computer simulation of the induction hardening process. The second stage - experiments were provided on laboratory stand for induction surface hardening located at the Silesian University of Technology. Microstructure tests were conducted on light and scanning microscopes. The hardness penetration pattern and thickness of hardened layer were marked. It was found that due to properly chosen parameters of the process, the appropriate properties and thickness of hardened layer were achieved.

scholarly journals Comparison of single and consecutive dual frequency induction surface hardening of gear wheels

2018 ◽  
Vol 355 ◽  
pp. 012015
Author(s):  
J Barglik ◽  
K Ducki ◽  
D Kukla ◽  
J Mizera ◽  
G Mrówka-Nowotnik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Hardening ◽  
Dual Frequency ◽  
Gear Wheels ◽  
Induction Surface Hardening

Meriel Talbot and the Society for the Overseas Settlement of British Women, 1919–1937

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-52
Author(s):  
Bonnie White
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Service ◽  
Agricultural Workers ◽  
British Government ◽  
Early Failure ◽  
Proper Selection ◽  
Domestic Servants ◽  
Female Workers ◽  
Female Migrants ◽  
Post War ◽  
Selection Of

In 1917 the British government began making plans for post-war adjustments to the economy, which included the migration of surplus women to the dominions. The Society for the Overseas Settlement of British Women was established in 1920 to facilitate the migration of female workers to the dominions. Earlier studies have argued that overseas emigration efforts purposefully directed women into domestic service as surplus commodities, thus alleviating the female ‘surplus’ and easing economic hardships of the post-war period. This article argues that as Publicity Officer for the SOSBW, Meriel Talbot targeted women she believed would be ideal candidates for emigration, including former members of the Women's Land Army and affiliated groups. With the proper selection of female migrants, Talbot sought to expand work opportunities for women in the dominions beyond domestic service, while reducing the female surplus at home and servicing the connection between state and empire. Dominion authorities, whose demands for migrant labour vacillated between agricultural workers during the war years and domestic servants after 1920, disapproved of Talbot's efforts to migrate women for work in agriculture. Divergent policies led to the early failure of the SOSBW in 1923.

PROMETHEE-based ranking of project managers based on the five personality traits

Kybernetes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 1083-1102
Author(s):  
Georgios N. Aretoulis ◽  
Jason Papathanasiou ◽  
Fani Antoniou
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Questionnaire Survey ◽  
Multicriteria Decision Making ◽  
Project Managers ◽  
Preference Ranking ◽  
Infrastructure Projects ◽  
Public Infrastructure ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The One ◽  
Selection Of

Purpose This paper aims to rank and identify the most efficient project managers (PMs) based on personality traits, using Preference Ranking Organization METHod for Enrichment Evaluations (PROMETHEE) methodology. Design/methodology/approach The proposed methodology relies on the five personality traits. These were used as the selection criteria. A questionnaire survey among 82 experienced engineers was used to estimate the required weights per personality trait. A second two-part questionnaire survey aimed at recording the PMs profile and assess the performance of personality traits per PM. PMs with the most years of experience are selected to be ranked through Visual PROMETHEE. Findings The findings suggest that a competent PM is the one that scores low on the “Neuroticism” trait and high especially on the “Conscientiousness” trait. Research limitations/implications The research applied a psychometric test specifically designed for Greek people. Furthermore, the proposed methodology is based on the personality characteristics to rank the PMs and does not consider the technical skills. Furthermore, the type of project is not considered in the process of ranking PMs. Practical implications The findings could contribute in the selection of the best PM that maximizes the project team’s performance. Social implications Improved project team communication and collaboration leading to improved project performance through better communication and collaboration. This is an additional benefit for the society, especially in the delivery of public infrastructure projects. A lot of public infrastructure projects deviate largely as far as cost and schedule is concerned and this is an additional burden for public and society. Proper project management through efficient PMs would save people’s money and time. Originality/value Identification of the best PMbased on a combination of multicriteria decision-making and psychometric tests, which focus on personality traits.

scholarly journals Design Concepts for NiTiNOL Wires to Function as a Sensor

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Josephine Selvarani Ruth
Keyword(s):  
Shape Memory Alloy ◽  
Electrical Resistance ◽  
Nickel Titanium ◽  
The Other ◽  
Sensing Element ◽  
Proper Selection ◽  
Design Concepts ◽  
Mechanical Element ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Inverse Hysteresis

AbstractNickel Titanium Naval Ordinance Laboratory (NiTiNOL) is widely called as a shape memory alloy (SMA), a class of nonlinear smart material inherited with the functionally programmed property of varying electrical resistance during the transformation enabling to be positioned as a sensing element. The major challenge to instrument the SMA wires is to suppress the wires’ nonlinearity by proper selection of two important factors. The first factor is influenced by the mechanical biasing element and the other is to identify the sensing current for the sensing device (SMA wires + biasing). This paper focuses on developing SMA wires for sensing in different orientation types and configurations by removing the non-linearity in the system’s output by introducing inverse hysteresis to the wires through the passive mechanical element.

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