Yemen conflict carries risks for global shipping

2015 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Red Sea ◽  
World Trade ◽  
Arabian Peninsula ◽  
Suez Canal ◽  
Maritime Security ◽  
Gulf Of Aden ◽  
Port City ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Maritime Domain Awareness

Significance Instability has worsened significantly in Yemen since the Huthi 'coup' against President Abd Rabbu Mansour Hadi in January. His government has been forced into exile; the Huthis have fought pitched battles with local opponents for control of the southern port city of Aden; Saudi Arabia has led an intensive campaign of airstrikes and imposed a naval blockade of major seaports; and al-Qaida in the Arabian Peninsula (AQAP) has expanded in the south east. Located next to some of the world's most important shipping routes, Yemen's crisis could have significant ramifications on regional maritime security and world trade. Impacts Maritime domain awareness in the Gulf of Aden and southern stretches of the Red Sea could be significantly reduced. Risk of accidents between Iranian and Saudi coalition vessels has increased, but a more serious confrontation is unlikely. US, European and regional navies will mobilise to protect the viability of the Suez Canal maritime corridor.

Present Development Phases of the Suez Canal Project

1982 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 460-465
Author(s):  
Nabil Hilaly
Keyword(s):  
Mediterranean Sea ◽  
Red Sea ◽  
World Trade ◽  
Nile Delta ◽  
Suez Canal ◽  
Development Phases ◽  
The Mediterranean

It is recorded that Egypt was the first country to dig a canal to promote world trade; the first canal was dug in the reign of Pharaoh Senusret III (1887–1849 B.C.), to link the Mediterranean Sea with the Red Sea through the Nile delta. This canal, often abandoned due to silting, was reopened for navigation by later Pharaohs and finally by Amro Ibn El Ass in A.D. 640 after which it remained open for 150 years.

Profundibacterium mesophilum gen. nov., sp. nov., a novel member in the family Rhodobacteraceae isolated from deep-sea sediment in the Red Sea, Saudi Arabia

2013 ◽  
Vol 63 (Pt_3) ◽  
pp. 1007-1012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pok Yui Lai ◽  
Li Miao ◽  
On On Lee ◽  
Ling-Li Liu ◽  
Xiao-Jian Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
16S Rrna ◽  
16S Rrna Gene ◽  
Red Sea ◽  
Type Species ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Link Type ◽  
The Family

A slow-growing, strictly aerobic, Gram-negative, coccus bacterial strain, designated KAUST100406-0324T, was isolated from sea-floor sediment collected from the Red Sea, Saudi Arabia. The catalase- and oxidase-positive strain was non-sporulating and only slightly halophilic. Optimum growth occurred at 20–25 °C and at pH values ranging from 7.0 to 8.0. The major cellular fatty acids of the strain were unsaturated C18 : 1ω6c and/or C18 : 1ω7c, C18 : 1ω7c 11-methyl and C16 : 1ω7c and/or C16 : 1ω6c. The major polar lipids were phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and two unidentified phospholipids. Ubiquinone 10 was the predominant lipoquinone. The DNA G+C content of strain KAUST100406-0324T was 64.0 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that the novel strain belonged to the family Rhodobacteraceae of the class Alphaproteobacteria but formed a distinct evolutionary lineage from other bacterial species with validly published names. The 16S rRNA gene sequence of the novel strain was distantly related, but formed a monophyletic cluster with, those of bacteria from two moderately halophilic genera, Hwanghaeicola and Maribius . The similarity of the sequence between the novel strain KAUST100406-0324T and the type strains Hwanghaeicola aestuarii Y26T (accession number FJ230842), Maribius pelagius B5-6T (DQ514326) and Maribius salinus CL-SP27T (AY906863) were 94.5 %, 95.2 % and 95.3 %, respectively. Based on the physiological, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic characteristics presented in this study, we propose that this strain represents a novel species of a new genus in the family Rhodobacteraceae , for which the name of Profundibacterium mesophilum gen. nov., sp. nov. was proposed, with KAUST100406-0324T ( = JCM 17872T  = NRRL B-59665T) as the type strain.

Saudi Arabia faces long war in Yemen

2015 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Federal System ◽  
Gulf Of Aden ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Government ◽  
Roll Back

Significance The Saudi-led coalition has been bombing Yemen since March 26. "Operation Decisive Storm" aims to reinstate the government of President Abd Rabbu Mansour Hadi and roll back the territorial gains of Huthi forces and their military allies linked to former President Ali Abdallah Saleh. Almost three weeks in, the campaign has impaired and delayed Huthi advances, but has not prevented them from entering Aden and making gains in several parts of Yemen. Impacts Iran has sent two ships to the Gulf of Aden, but will not risk open confrontation with the Arab coalition and United States. Pressure for a humanitarian pause to allow aid deliveries will increase. Degradation of national army and arming of militias will likely lead to a switch of power from centre to regions and a new federal system.

Prospects for the Gulf of Aden and Red Sea in 2018-22

2017 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Red Sea ◽  
Global Financial Crisis ◽  
Gulf Of Aden ◽  
Horn Of Africa ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Security Issues ◽  
Cultural Exchanges ◽  
Gulf States ◽  
The Global Financial Crisis ◽  
Trade And Investment

Subject Prospects for the Gulf of Aden and Red Sea in 2018-22. Significance Rooted in centuries of common history and cultural exchanges, links between the Gulf states and the Horn of Africa have intensified in the decade since the global financial crisis of 2008-09, creating new dynamics across the Gulf of Aden. In the years ahead, deepening trade and investment in agriculture, livestock and infrastructure -- in particular -- are likely to underpin an ever-more-complex web of political and military relationships, with fracturing lines of alliance and enmity shaped by security issues.

Saudi's Yemen campaign may disrupt Horn relations

2015 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Red Sea ◽  
Horn Of Africa ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Decisive Victory ◽  
Arab States ◽  
Strategic Relationships ◽  
The Impact

Subject Implications of the Saudi-led coalition in Yemen for relation in the Horn of Africa. Significance The intervention of the Saudi-led coalition in Yemen threatens to re-order strategic relationships between concerned Arab states and the Horn of Africa. The largest indication of this shift is the Red Sea security agreement between Eritrea and Saudi Arabia on April 30. The agreement has rankled Ethiopia and its regional allies, who are keen to 'contain' Eritrea and prevent its bid to emerge from international isolation. Given the range of other interests that Ethiopia shares with Saudi Arabia, Egypt and Yemen, it is unlikely that a significant rupture will occur. However, the impact of these tensions could be significant, as Ethiopia will remain committed to thwarting closer relations between Asmara and Arab states. Impacts Riyadh's outreach to allies is a tactic for success in its Yemen campaign and may not necessarily indicate long-term strategic shifts. Such new relationships will be highly contingent on developments in Yemen. However, Saudi Arabia will not halt the campaign until a decisive victory against the Huthi rebels and forces loyal to the former president.

Northern Yemeni civilians face new suffering

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Port City ◽  
The South ◽  
Content Type

Significance Troops associated with the Saudi-led coalition backing the internationally-recognised government of President Abd Rabbu Mansur Hadi have in recent weeks moved rapidly towards Hodeida from the south. The port city has at least 600,000 inhabitants and is the main source of food and fuel for the Huthi-held capital, Sana’a, and other densely populated areas in northern Yemen. Impacts The Huthis will resist the assault, although their capacity has been considerably impaired by recent losses. The Huthis will continue to fire missiles into Saudi Arabia, but without much expectation of doing serious damage. UN envoy Martin Griffiths will produce a ‘framework for negotiations’ by mid-June. Triumphant coalition leaders may be tempted to continue the war even if the Huthis are ready for peace talks.

The Saudi-Yemeni Red Sea fight risks regional upset

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Red Sea ◽  
Content Type

Headline YEMEN/SAUDI ARABIA: Red Sea fight risks regional upset

scholarly journals Non-methane hydrocarbon (C<sub>2</sub>–C<sub>8</sub>) sources and sinks around the Arabian Peninsula

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (10) ◽  
pp. 7209-7232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Efstratios Bourtsoukidis ◽  
Lisa Ernle ◽  
John N. Crowley ◽  
Jos Lelieveld ◽  
Jean-Daniel Paris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mediterranean Sea ◽  
Red Sea ◽  
Atmospheric Chemistry ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Arabian Peninsula ◽  
Arabian Gulf ◽  
Suez Canal ◽  
Associated Gas ◽  
Mixing Ratios ◽  
The Mediterranean

Abstract. Atmospheric non-methane hydrocarbons (NMHCs) have been extensively studied around the globe due to their importance to atmospheric chemistry and their utility in emission source and chemical sink identification. This study reports on shipborne NMHC measurements made around the Arabian Peninsula during the AQABA (Air Quality and climate change in the Arabian BAsin) ship campaign. The ship traversed the Mediterranean Sea, the Suez Canal, the Red Sea, the northern Indian Ocean, and the Arabian Gulf, before returning by the same route. The Middle East is one of the largest producers of oil and gas (O&amp;G), yet it is among the least studied. Atmospheric mixing ratios of C2–C8 hydrocarbons ranged from a few ppt in unpolluted regions (Arabian Sea) to several ppb over the Suez Canal and Arabian Gulf (also known as the Persian Gulf), where a maximum of 166.5 ppb of alkanes was detected. The ratio between i-pentane and n-pentane was found to be 0.93±0.03 ppb ppb−1 over the Arabian Gulf, which is indicative of widespread O&amp;G activities, while it was 1.71±0.06 ppb ppb−1 in the Suez Canal, which is a characteristic signature of ship emissions. We provide evidence that international shipping contributes to ambient C3–C8 hydrocarbon concentrations but not to ethane, which was not detected in marine traffic exhausts. NMHC relationships with propane differentiated between alkane-rich associated gas and methane-rich non-associated gas through a characteristic enrichment of ethane over propane atmospheric mixing ratios. Utilizing the variability–lifetime relationship, we show that atmospheric chemistry governs the variability of the alkanes only weakly in the source-dominated areas of the Arabian Gulf (bAG=0.16) and along the northern part of the Red Sea (bRSN=0.22), but stronger dependencies are found in unpolluted regions such as the Gulf of Aden (bGA=0.58) and the Mediterranean Sea (bMS=0.48). NMHC oxidative pair analysis indicated that OH chemistry dominates the oxidation of hydrocarbons in the region, but along the Red Sea and the Arabian Gulf the NMHC ratios occasionally provided evidence of chlorine radical chemistry. These results demonstrate the utility of NMHCs as source/sink identification tracers and provide an overview of NMHCs around the Arabian Peninsula.

Saudi campaign in Yemen will hinge on local allies

2015 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Military Intervention ◽  
Gulf Cooperation Council ◽  
Port City ◽  
Case Scenario ◽  
The West ◽  
Worst Case ◽  
Military Operation ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Military

Significance Saudi Ambassador to Washington Adel al-Jubeir said that a ten-country coalition was supporting the military operation, code-named 'Storm of Resolve', "to protect and defend the legitimate government" of President Abd Rabbu Mansour Hadi. Rapid Huthi advances over recent days towards Hadi's seat in the southern port city of Aden prompted him on March 23 to call on Saudi Arabia and its Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) allies for military intervention. Impacts Yemen will prove the first major leadership test for potential future Saudi king, Defence Minister Prince Mohammed bin Salman. Even in a worst case scenario, the conflict is highly unlikely to affect Saudi oil installations. Iran's aid to the Huthis is opportunistic, not strategic; it will not risk re-engagement with the West to expand in Yemen. Sectarian tensions could rise in eastern Saudi Arabia.

Expanded Panama Canal could change world trade

2016 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
World Trade ◽  
Suez Canal ◽  
Panama Canal ◽  
Significant Progress ◽  
Trade Patterns ◽  
Change World ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The World

Significance Completed late and over budget, the expansion has encountered numerous glitches over the course of its construction. However, with its opening now imminent, Panama and shipping companies around the world are set to start reaping the benefits. Impacts The canal's expanded capacity will encourage ports across the Americas to upgrade their facilities. Nicaragua's canal project will struggle to make significant progress, once the Panama Canal is fully operational. Suez Canal revenues could be hit as trade patterns change.

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