North American countries will test USMCA rules

2022 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
North American ◽  
Content Type

Headline NORTH AMERICA: Countries will test USMCA rules

Towards a better understanding of sustainability accounting and management research and teaching in North America: a look at the community

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 985-1007
Author(s):  
Charles H. Cho ◽  
Anna Kim ◽  
Michelle Rodrigue ◽  
Thomas Schneider
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
North American ◽  
Academic Community ◽  
Academic Life ◽  
Management Research ◽  
Research Topics ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Research And Teaching ◽  
The Future ◽  
Sustainability Accounting

Purpose The purpose of this paper is two-fold. The first is to provide insight into the academic life, teaching and research activities of active participants in the sustainability accounting and management academic community in North America. The second is to provide readers with an overview of the papers in this special issue. Design/methodology/approach To meet the first objective, we specifically sought out those who self-identify as sustainability accounting and management academics, based in North American universities and who actively engage in the sustainability academic community in North America. Using an anonymous online survey, this group was asked to respond to various questions about their academic life, research and teaching activities. Findings Survey respondents report that they choose to focus on sustainability accounting and management because they want to make a difference (change the world). To that end, the respondents identify carbon emissions and climate change, social issues such as inequalities, as well as grand challenges and sustainable development goals, as important research topics to pursue in the future. While passionate about their research topics, respondents generally note that research outlets that will serve to significantly move their careers forward are difficult to find. A relatively small number of respondents teach sustainability accounting or management, however, most courses taught are dedicated to the topic and teaching sustainability was identified as amongst the most enjoyable aspects of their academic lives. Practical implications With study respondents feeling closed out of a number of mainstream journals, career paths at North American institutions could appear somewhat limited for those choosing sustainability accounting and management research as a focus, interest and even passion. This is perhaps even more profound on the teaching side where from a practical perspective, we need to be teaching accountants and managers the significance of sustainability in and for the profession, yes – but even more so for society broadly. Social implications As we move into the digital age, it is important that professionals bend their minds to sustainability as much as they do to keep up with the “pace of change” on other fronts. A potential risk is that “high-tech” subsumes equally important social aspects that need to be embedded in the process of generating accounting and management professionals. Originality/value To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time a survey on the work experiences of a sample of scholars teaching and doing research in the area of sustainability accounting and management has been presented for publication. It is meant to provide some descriptive insights into what drives some active participants in this group of academics and reflect on where the future might lead as sustainability becomes an urgent necessity rather than a choice. These descriptive insights and reflections provide a starting point for future inquiries.

Speedy Mexico-EU trade deal promises risks and rewards

2017 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Free Trade ◽  
North American ◽  
Free Trade Agreement ◽  
Trade Agreement ◽  
Transportation Costs ◽  
Donald Trump ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The North

Subject Mexico-EU trade talks Significance Talks on modernising the Mexico-EU Free Trade Agreement (FTA) have gained urgency since the election of US President Donald Trump as the prospect of an end to free trade within North America forces Mexican officials to get serious about diversifying relations. While negotiators hope to seal a new EU deal by the end of the year, many issues are yet to be addressed and renegotiation of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) is absorbing bureaucratic capacity. Impacts Anti-American sentiment stemming from Washington’s hostility could favour European firms and investors in Mexico. The rush to conclude agreements risks bad deals and political blowback from Mexico’s opposition. Transportation costs and connectivity will ultimately matter more for Mexican diversification than already low tariffs.

scholarly journals In Vitro Activity of the Siderophore Cephalosporin, Cefiderocol, against a Recent Collection of Clinically Relevant Gram-Negative Bacilli from North America and Europe, Including Carbapenem-Nonsusceptible Isolates (SIDERO-WT-2014 Study)

2017 ◽  
Vol 61 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Meredith A. Hackel ◽  
Masakatsu Tsuji ◽  
Yoshinori Yamano ◽  
Roger Echols ◽  
James A. Karlowsky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
North American ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
In Vitro Activity ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Mueller Hinton ◽  
Recent Collection ◽  
Mueller Hinton Broth

ABSTRACT Cefiderocol (formerly S-649266) is an investigational siderophore cephalosporin. Iron-depleted cation-adjusted Mueller-Hinton broth (ID-CAMHB) was prepared according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) protocol and used to perform broth microdilution testing of cefiderocol against a 2014-2015 collection of clinical isolates of Gram-negative bacilli from North America (n = 4,239) and Europe (n = 4,966). The concentrations of cefiderocol inhibiting 90% of isolates tested (MIC90s) were 0.5 μg/ml (North America; n = 3,007) and 1 μg/ml (Europe; n = 3,080) for all isolates of Enterobacteriaceae; 1 μg/ml (North America; n = 30) and 4 μg/ml (Europe; n = 139) for meropenem-nonsusceptible (MIC ≥ 2 μg/ml) isolates of Enterobacteriaceae; 0.5 μg/ml for both North American (n = 765) and European (n = 765) isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa; 0.5 μg/ml (North America; n = 151) and 1 μg/ml (Europe; n = 202) for meropenem-nonsusceptible (MIC ≥ 4 μg/ml) isolates of P. aeruginosa; 1 μg/ml for both North American (n = 309) and European (n = 839) isolates of all Acinetobacter baumannii strains as well as for both North American (n = 173) and European (n = 595) isolates of meropenem-nonsusceptible A. baumannii; and 0.5μg/ml (North America; n = 152) and 0.25 μg/ml (Europe; n = 276) for isolates of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. MICs of cefiderocol were ≤4 μg/ml for 99.9% (6,078/6,087) of all Enterobacteriaceae, 97.0% (164/169) of meropenem-nonsusceptible Enterobacteriaceae, 99.9% (1,529/1,530) of all P. aeruginosa isolates, 100% (353/353) of meropenem-nonsusceptible P. aeruginosa isolates, 97.6% (1,120/1,148) of all A. baumannii isolates, 96.9% (744/768) of meropenem-nonsusceptible A. baumannii isolates, 100% of isolates of S. maltophilia (428/428) and 93.8% of isolates of Burkholderia cepecia (11/12). We conclude that cefiderocol demonstrated potent in vitro activity against a recent collection of clinical isolates of commonly encountered Gram-negative bacilli, including carbapenem-nonsusceptible isolates.

scholarly journals Large-Scale Analysis ofFlavobacterium psychrophilumMultilocus Sequence Typing Genotypes Recovered from North American Salmonids Indicates that both Newly Identified and Recurrent Clonal Complexes Are Associated with Disease

2019 ◽  
Vol 85 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Knupp ◽  
Gregory D. Wiens ◽  
Mohamed Faisal ◽  
Douglas R. Call ◽  
Kenneth D. Cain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
North America ◽  
North American ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Flavobacterium Psychrophilum ◽  
Coldwater Disease ◽  
Rainbow Trout Fry Syndrome ◽  
Bacterial Coldwater Disease

ABSTRACTFlavobacterium psychrophilum, the etiological agent of bacterial coldwater disease (BCWD) and rainbow trout fry syndrome (RTFS), causes significant economic losses in salmonid aquaculture, particularly in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Prior studies have used multilocus sequence typing (MLST) to examine genetic heterogeneity withinF. psychrophilum. At present, however, its population structure in North America is incompletely understood, as only 107 isolates have been genotyped. Herein, MLST was used to investigate the genetic diversity of an additional 314 North AmericanF. psychrophilumisolates that were recovered from ten fish host species from 20 U.S. states and 1 Canadian province over nearly four decades. These isolates were placed into 66 sequence types (STs), 47 of which were novel, increasing the number of clonal complexes (CCs) in North America from 7 to 12. Newly identified CCs were diverse in terms of host association, distribution, and association with disease. The largestF. psychrophilumCC identified was CC-ST10, within which 10 novel genotypes were discovered, most of which came fromO. mykissexperiencing BCWD. This discovery, among others, provides evidence for the hypothesis that ST10 (i.e., the founding ST of CC-ST10) originated in North America. Furthermore, ST275 (in CC-ST10) was recovered from wild/feral adult steelhead and marks the first recovery of CC-ST10 from wild/feral fish in North America. Analyses also revealed that at the allele level, the diversification ofF. psychrophilumin North America is driven three times more frequently by recombination than random nucleic acid mutation, possibly indicating how new phenotypes emerge within this species.IMPORTANCEFlavobacterium psychrophilumis the causative agent of bacterial coldwater disease (BCWD) and rainbow trout fry syndrome (RTFS), both of which cause substantial losses in farmed fish populations worldwide. To better prevent and control BCWD and RTFS outbreaks, we sought to characterize the genetic diversity of several hundredF. psychrophilumisolates that were recovered from diseased fish across North America. Results highlighted multipleF. psychrophilumgenetic strains that appear to play an important role in disease events in North American aquaculture facilities and suggest that the practice of trading fish eggs has led to the continental and transcontinental spread of this bacterium. The knowledge generated herein will be invaluable toward guiding the development of future disease prevention techniques.

Qualitative research in accounting: the North American perspective

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 278-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Baker
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
North America ◽  
North American ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The North ◽  
American Perspective ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Qualitative Work ◽  
North American Perspective

Purpose – The purpose of this Special Issue of Qualitative Research in Accounting & Management is to focus on qualitative research in accounting from a North American perspective. The goal is to highlight the possibility of greater contributions to qualitative research in accounting from researchers based in North America and to highlight some significant contributions produced by authors in North American universities in the qualitative domain. Design/methodology/approach – The paper is conceptual in nature. Findings – This sample of North American qualitative research in accounting provides an example of some of the different types of qualitative work being done. In most respects the articles are similar to qualitative research being done in other parts of the world. Perhaps the key difference is that the research has been undertaken for the most part by senior researchers who have been able to take some risks with a research paradigm that may not be widely accepted at their universities or they may be fortunate to be located at universities which value such research. Originality/value – The paper broadens the view of qualitative research to North America where it appears that qualitative research has been relatively undervalued in recent years.

scholarly journals Cryptococcus gattii in North American Pacific Northwest: Whole-Population Genome Analysis Provides Insights into Species Evolution and Dispersal

mBio ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
David M. Engelthaler ◽  
Nathan D. Hicks ◽  
John D. Gillece ◽  
Chandler C. Roe ◽  
James M. Schupp ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
South America ◽  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Genome Sequencing ◽  
North American ◽  
Cryptococcus Gattii ◽  
Whole Genome ◽  
Neurologic Disease ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Habitat Adaptation

ABSTRACTThe emergence of distinct populations ofCryptococcus gattiiin the temperate North American Pacific Northwest (PNW) was surprising, as this species was previously thought to be confined to tropical and semitropical regions. Beyond a new habitat niche, the dominant emergent population displayed increased virulence and caused primary pulmonary disease, as opposed to the predominantly neurologic disease seen previously elsewhere. Whole-genome sequencing was performed on 118C. gattiiisolates, including the PNW subtypes and the global diversity of molecular type VGII, to better ascertain the natural source and genomic adaptations leading to the emergence of infection in the PNW. Overall, the VGII population was highly diverse, demonstrating large numbers of mutational and recombinational events; however, the three dominant subtypes from the PNW were of low diversity and were completely clonal. Although strains of VGII were found on at least five continents, all genetic subpopulations were represented or were most closely related to strains from South America. The phylogenetic data are consistent with multiple dispersal events from South America to North America and elsewhere. Numerous gene content differences were identified between the emergent clones and other VGII lineages, including genes potentially related to habitat adaptation, virulence, and pathology. Evidence was also found for possible gene introgression fromCryptococcus neoformansvar.grubiithat is rarely seen in globalC. gattiibut that was present in all PNW populations. These findings provide greater understanding ofC. gattiievolution in North America and support extensive evolution in, and dispersal from, South America.IMPORTANCECryptococcus gattiiemerged in the temperate North American Pacific Northwest (PNW) in the late 1990s. Beyond a new environmental niche, these emergent populations displayed increased virulence and resulted in a different pattern of clinical disease. In particular, severe pulmonary infections predominated in contrast to presentation with neurologic disease as seen previously elsewhere. We employed population-level whole-genome sequencing and analysis to explore the genetic relationships and gene content of the PNWC. gattiipopulations. We provide evidence that the PNW strains originated from South America and identified numerous genes potentially related to habitat adaptation, virulence expression, and clinical presentation. Characterization of these genetic features may lead to improved diagnostics and therapies for such fungal infections. The data indicate that there were multiple recent introductions ofC. gattiiinto the PNW. Public health vigilance is warranted for emergence in regions whereC. gattiiis not thought to be endemic.

Competitive vs coopetitive strategies: lessons from professional sport leagues

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 12-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
François Fulconis ◽  
Jean Nollet ◽  
Gilles Paché
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
North America ◽  
North American ◽  
Major Elements ◽  
Professional Sport ◽  
Capital Management ◽  
Human Capital Management ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The North ◽  
Long Run

Purpose Over the past decades, analyses of the functioning of professional sport leagues have been done from various angles: economic, financial and sociological; in some cases, comparisons were made between North-American and European leagues. The purpose of this paper is to look at this reality from a different angle, i.e. human capital management, by showing how different the models from both continents are. Design/methodology/approach Based on an identification of the major elements associated to human capital management in professional sport leagues in North America and Europe, this paper compares competitive and coopetitive strategies using an original framework based on consortium sourcing and pooling dimensions. Findings The paper underlines the benefits that North-American professional sport leagues get from acquiring players using a consortium sourcing perspective (coopetition). In Europe, the most powerful clubs use their financial resources to get the best players; as a result, it is always the same clubs with get the best results (competition). In the long run, the European approach might result in less attractiveness to TV viewers, and less revenues for TV networks. Originality/value This paper helps to understand the differences between professional sport leagues in North America and Europe; it also discusses the risk associated to the adoption, without any adjustment in the human capital management, in Europe of the North-American model based on a coopetitive perspective. This dimension is seldom mentioned in articles dealing with professional sport leagues.

scholarly journals CB vs CVB – what is the difference between the tasks and roles of European and North American convention bureaux?

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia Latuszek
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
North American ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Content Type ◽  
European Institutions ◽  
Annual Budget ◽  
The Difference ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Time Of Operation

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to analyse the divergence between the tasks and roles of convention bureaux (CB) in North America and Europe. Design/methodology/approach A survey among 55 CB’ managers was conducted. A total of 75% of respondents represented institutions operating in European cities, 25% – in North American ones. This research mainly focused on managers’ opinions about the importance of tasks and roles performed by CB and the degree to which the institutions manage to fulfil them. Therefore, importance-performance analysis was used in the study. Findings CB in North America and Europe broadly differ as to the characteristics of both groups of institutions. They include their time of operation, number of employees, annual budget and types of events that CB try to attract to the cities that they represent. There are no such differences when it comes to the importance and performance of institutions’ tasks and roles. The way in which managers evaluate them is quite similar because the respondents pay the closest attention to the roles of a marketer and an agent of a city played by a convention bureau. Differences lie in the meaning assigned by managers to the particular tasks of surveyed institutions. Originality/value The survey was carried out on a relatively small sample dominated by European institutions. However, the study attempts at investigating the roles and tasks of CB, with only few previous studies on this topic, including the ones comparing CB’ activity in different countries or on different continents. Moreover, proposed recommendations might be useful for a large group of managers and do not have to be limited only to institutions from Europe and North America.

North American Venezuela sanctions have limited effect

2017 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
North American ◽  
Limited Effect ◽  
Content Type

Headline NORTH AMERICA/VENEZUELA: Sanctions have limited effect

North American car dispute raises risk of tariffs

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
North American ◽  
Content Type

Headline NORTH AMERICA: Car dispute raises risk of tariffs

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