scholarly journals Estimating Center of Pressure of a Bipedal Mechanism Using a Proprioceptive Artificial Skin around its Ankles

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dario Urbina-Melendez ◽  
Jiaoran Wang ◽  
Daniel Wang ◽  
Ali Marjaninejad ◽  
Francisco J. Valero-Cuevas
Keyword(s):  
Center Of Pressure ◽  
Artificial Skin

Center of Pressure Variations in High-Heeled Shoes

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thilina W. Weerasinghe ◽  
Ravindra S. Goonetilleke
Keyword(s):  
Center Of Pressure

Optimization of Extraction Parameters of Reverse Iontophoretic Determination of Blood Glucose in an Artificial Skin Model

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 722-737
Author(s):  
Cigdem Yengin ◽  
Emrah Kilinc ◽  
Fatma Gulay Der ◽  
Mehmet Can Sezgin ◽  
Ilayda Alcin
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Strength ◽  
Body Fluids ◽  
Extraction Time ◽  
Artificial Skin ◽  
Dialysis Membrane ◽  
Skin Model ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Electrode Distance ◽  
Experimental Parameters

Background: Reverse İontophoresis (RI) is one of the promising non-invasive technologies. It relies on the transition of low magnitude current through the skin and thus glucose measurement becomes possible as it is extracted from the surface during this porter current flow. Objective: This paper deals with the development and optimization of an RI determination method for glucose. CE dialysis membrane based artificial skin model was developed and the dependence of RI extraction on various experimental parameters was investigated. Method: Dependence of RI extraction performance on noble electrodes (platinum, silver, palladium, ruthenium, rhodium) was checked with CA, CV and DPV, in a wide pH and ionic strength range. Optimizations on inter-electrode distance, potential type and magnitude, extraction time, gel type, membrane MWCO, usage frequency, pretreatment, artificial body fluids were performed. Results: According to the optimized results, the inter-electrode distance was 7.0 mm and silver was the optimum noble metal. Optimum pH and ionic strength were achieved with 0.05M PBS at pH 7.4. Higher glucose yields were obtained with DPV, while CA and CV achieved almost the same levels. During CA, +0.5V achieved the highest glucose yield and higher potential even caused a decrease. Glucose levels could be monitored for 24 hours. CMC gel was the optimum collection media. Pretreated CE membrane with 12kD MWCO was the artificial skin model. Pretreatment affected the yields while its condition caused no significant difference. Except PBS solution (simulated as artificial plasma), among the various artificial simulated body fluids, intestinal juice formulation (AI) and urine formulation U2 were the optimum extraction media, respectively. Conclusion: In this study, various experimental parameters (pretereatment procedure, type and MWCO values of membranes, inter-electrode distance, electrode material, extraction medium solvents, ionic strength and pH, collection medium gel type, extraction potential type and magnitude, extraction time and etc) were optimized for the non-invasive RI determination of glucose in a CE dialysis membrane-based artificial skin model and various simulated artificial body fluids.

scholarly journals Minimal shoes improve stability and mobility in persons with a history of falls

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomasz Cudejko ◽  
James Gardiner ◽  
Asangaedem Akpan ◽  
Kristiaan D’Août
Keyword(s):  
Fall Prevention ◽  
Postural Stability ◽  
Center Of Pressure ◽  
Stability Margin ◽  
Timed Up And Go ◽  
Balance Test ◽  
Margin Of Stability ◽  
Eyes Open ◽  
History Of ◽  
Falls In Older Adults

AbstractPostural and walking instabilities contribute to falls in older adults. Given that shoes affect human locomotor stability and that visual, cognitive and somatosensory systems deteriorate during aging, we aimed to: (1) compare the effects of footwear type on stability and mobility in persons with a history of falls, and (2) determine whether the effect of footwear type on stability is altered by the absence of visual input or by an additional cognitive load. Thirty participants performed standing and walking trials in three footwear conditions, i.e. conventional shoes, minimal shoes, and barefoot. The outcomes were: (1) postural stability (movement of the center of pressure during eyes open/closed), (2) walking stability (Margin of Stability during normal/dual-task walking), (3) mobility (the Timed Up and Go test and the Star Excursion Balance test), and (4) perceptions of the shoes (Monitor Orthopaedic Shoes questionnaire). Participants were more stable during standing and walking in minimal shoes than in conventional shoes, independent of visual or walking condition. Minimal shoes were more beneficial for mobility than conventional shoes and barefoot. This study supports the need for longitudinal studies investigating whether minimal footwear is more beneficial for fall prevention in older people than conventional footwear.

Development of spear-shaped microneedle and applicator for tip insertion into artificial skin

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mizuki Sakamoto ◽  
Yoshihiro Hasegawa ◽  
Mitsuhiro Shikida
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Skin

scholarly journals Effects of white Gaussian noise on dynamic balance in healthy young adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ziyou Zhou ◽  
Can Wu ◽  
Zhen Hu ◽  
Yujuan Chai ◽  
Kai Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Gaussian Noise ◽  
Center Of Pressure ◽  
Dynamic Balance ◽  
White Gaussian Noise ◽  
Fluctuation Analysis ◽  
Balance Performance ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Crossover Point ◽  
Short Time

AbstractIt has been known that short-time auditory stimulation can contribute to the improvement of the balancing ability of the human body. The present study aims to explore the effects of white Gaussian noise (WGN) of different intensities and frequencies on dynamic balance performance in healthy young adults. A total of 20 healthy young participants were asked to stand at a dynamic balance force platform, which swung along the x-axis with an amplitude of ± 4° and frequency of 1 Hz. Their center of pressure (COP) trajectories were recorded when they were stimulated by WGN of different intensities (block 1) and different frequencies (block 2). A traditional method and detrended fluctuation analysis (DFA) were used for data preprocessing. The authors found that only with 75–85 dB WGN, the COP parameters improved. WGN frequency did not affect the dynamic balance performance of all the participants. The DFA results indicated stimulation with 75 dB WGN enhanced the short-term index and reduced the crossover point. Stimulation with 500 Hz and 2500 Hz WGN significantly enhanced the short-term index. These results suggest that 75 dB WGN and 500 Hz and 2500 Hz WGN improved the participants’ dynamic balance performance. The results of this study indicate that a certain intensity of WGN is indispensable to achieve a remarkable improvement in dynamic balance. The DFA results suggest that WGN only affected the short-term persistence, indicating the potential of WGN being considered as an adjuvant therapy in low-speed rehabilitation training.

“Going Backward”: Effects of age and fatigue on posterior-directed falls in Parkinson disease

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Evan V. Papa ◽  
Rita M. Patterson ◽  
Nicoleta Bugnariu
Keyword(s):  
Postural Control ◽  
Parkinson Disease ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Center Of Pressure ◽  
Angular Displacement ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
Peak Knee ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Fatiguing Exercise

BACKGROUND: Nearly half of persons with Parkinson disease (PD) report fatigue as a factor in their fall history. However, it is unknown whether these self-reported falls are caused by a sensation of fatigue or performance fatigue. OBJECTIVE: We sought to investigate the influences of performance fatigue and age on postural control in persons with PD. METHODS: Individuals with PD (n = 14) underwent postural control assessments before (T0) and immediately after (T1) fatiguing exercise. Biomechanical data were gathered on participants completing a treadmill-induced, posterior-directed fall. Performance fatigue was produced using lower extremity resistance exercise on an isokinetic ergometer. Repeated measures ANCOVAs were used with age as a covariate to determine the effects of performance fatigue on biomechanical variables. RESULTS: After adjustment for age, there was a statistically significant difference in peak center of pressure (COP) latency during the support phase of recovery. Pairwise comparisons demonstrated a decrease in peak ankle displacement from T0 to T1. Age was also found to be significantly related to reaction time and peak knee displacement while participants were fatigued. CONCLUSIONS: The decreased peak COP latency, along with decreased ankle angular displacement, suggest that persons with PD adopt a stiffening strategy in response to backward directed falls. Postural stiffening is not uncommon in persons with PD and could be a risk factor for falls. Older individuals with PD demonstrate slower mobility scores and decreased reaction times in the setting of fatigue, suggesting a combined effect of the aging and fatigue processes.

Multistimuli‐Responsive Artificial Skin with Dual Output of Photoelectric Signals

2021 ◽  
pp. 2100017
Author(s):  
Lei Li ◽  
Long‐Xiang Cheng ◽  
Liu Yang ◽  
Jun‐Cheng Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Skin
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