Theory and Experiments on Shot Noise in Semiconductor Junction Diodes and Transistors

1957 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 839-854 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Guggenbuehl ◽  
M. O. Strutt
2006 ◽  
Vol 110 (44) ◽  
pp. 22103-22124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eyal Nir ◽  
Xavier Michalet ◽  
Kambiz M. Hamadani ◽  
Ted A. Laurence ◽  
Daniel Neuhauser ◽  
...  

1999 ◽  
Vol 09 (PR2) ◽  
pp. Pr2-23
Author(s):  
L. Saminadayar ◽  
A. Kumar ◽  
D. C. Glattli ◽  
Y. Jin ◽  
B. Etienne
Keyword(s):  

1984 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. Lemoine ◽  
M. L. Wenocur

Author(s):  
A. G. Wright

Standards laboratories can provide a photocathode calibration for quantum efficiency, as a function of wavelength, but their measurements are performed with the photomultiplier operating as a photodiode. Each photoelectron released makes a contribution to the photocathode current but, if it is lost or fails to create secondary electrons at d1, it makes no contribution to anode current. This is the basis of collection efficiency, F. The anode detection efficiency, ε‎, allied to F, refers to the counting efficiency of output pulses. The standard method for determining F involves photocurrent, anode current, count rate, and the use of highly attenuating filters; F may also be measured using methods based on single-electron responses (SERs), shot noise, or the SER at the first dynode.


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