scholarly journals When getting there is not enough: a nationwide cross‐sectional study of 998 maternal deaths and 1451 near‐misses in public tertiary hospitals in a low‐income country

2015 ◽  
Vol 123 (6) ◽  
pp. 928-938 ◽  
Author(s):  
OT Oladapo ◽  
OO Adetoro ◽  
BA Ekele ◽  
C Chama ◽  
SJ Etuk ◽  
...  
PLoS ONE ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. e0194622
Author(s):  
Oskar Andersson ◽  
Peter Radell ◽  
Victor Ringo ◽  
Moses Mulungu ◽  
Tim Baker

2015 ◽  
Vol 20 (10) ◽  
pp. 1329-1336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesper Eriksson ◽  
Tim Baker ◽  
Henrik Jörnvall ◽  
Lars Irestedt ◽  
Moses Mulungu ◽  
...  

Cureus ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
FNU Pooja ◽  
Payal Chhabria ◽  
Pardeep Kumar ◽  
FNU Kalpana ◽  
Pardeep Kumar ◽  
...  

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ugo Nnenna Chikani ◽  
Adaobi Ijeoma Bisi-Onyemaechi ◽  
Tagbo Oguonu ◽  
Shalewa Modupe Ugege ◽  
Chinwe Ogugua

Author(s):  
Emmanuel Segnon Sogbossi ◽  
Damienne Houekpetodji ◽  
Toussaint G. Kpadonou ◽  
Yannick Bleyenheuft

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-25
Author(s):  
V. Kattel ◽  
M. Subedi ◽  
Y. Agrawal ◽  
Z.S. Pall ◽  
S. Rani ◽  
...  

Background: The burden of Diabetes in South Asia is alarming as the prevalence is higher compared to other region, living cost is low after Sub Saharan Africa and health care system are in state of expanding to be more accessible and adequate.   Objectives: The objective of the study was to assess the direct cost of illness among diabetic patient regularly visiting at outpatient department (OPD) in BPKIHS. Methods: This was a cross sectional study done in year 2018.  142 patients with at least nine visit per year were enrolled. The direct cost were calculated from the pattern of prescription of medications and laboratory investigations carried out over a year of the individual patient. The data were tabulated and analyzed. Results: Among the 142 patients on 37.5% were in mono-therapy and 62.5% were in poly-therapy. The direct cost of illness was USD 103 per annum that includes drug and investigation cost expensed at OPD visit. The average indirect cost was USD 102 per annum including travel and food. Among 142 patient the cost of illness on inpatient due to DM was USD 85.47 per event. Conclusion: The financial burden of being a diabetic in Nepal is high. Comprehensive quality care by expansion of health system and service with nominal charges to patient seems to be one of the challenges in Nepal.


BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. e050920
Author(s):  
Rebecca Cai ◽  
Paul Novosad ◽  
Vaidehi Tandel ◽  
Sam Asher ◽  
Anup Malani

ObjectivesTo estimate age-specific and sex-specific mortality risk among all SARS-CoV-2 infections in four settings in India, a major lower-middle-income country and to compare age trends in mortality with similar estimates in high-income countries.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingIndia, multiple regions representing combined population >150 million.ParticipantsAggregate infection counts were drawn from four large population-representative prevalence/seroprevalence surveys. Data on corresponding number of deaths were drawn from official government reports of confirmed SARS-CoV-2 deaths.Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe primary outcome was age-specific and sex-specific infection fatality rate (IFR), estimated as the number of confirmed deaths per infection. The secondary outcome was the slope of the IFR-by-age function, representing increased risk associated with age.ResultsAmong males aged 50–89, measured IFR was 0.12% in Karnataka (95% CI 0.09% to 0.15%), 0.42% in Tamil Nadu (95% CI 0.39% to 0.45%), 0.53% in Mumbai (95% CI 0.52% to 0.54%) and an imprecise 5.64% (95% CI 0% to 11.16%) among migrants returning to Bihar. Estimated IFR was approximately twice as high for males as for females, heterogeneous across contexts and rose less dramatically at older ages compared with similar studies in high-income countries.ConclusionsEstimated age-specific IFRs during the first wave varied substantially across India. While estimated IFRs in Mumbai, Karnataka and Tamil Nadu were considerably lower than comparable estimates from high-income countries, adjustment for under-reporting based on crude estimates of excess mortality puts them almost exactly equal with higher-income country benchmarks. In a marginalised migrant population, estimated IFRs were much higher than in other contexts around the world. Estimated IFRs suggest that the elderly in India are at an advantage relative to peers in high-income countries. Our findings suggest that the standard estimation approach may substantially underestimate IFR in low-income settings due to under-reporting of COVID-19 deaths, and that COVID-19 IFRs may be similar in low-income and high-income settings.


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