scholarly journals The effect of serial in vitro haemodilution with maternal cerebrospinal fluid and crystalloid on thromboelastographic (TEG®) blood coagulation parameters, and the implications for epidural blood patching

Anaesthesia ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Armstrong ◽  
R. Fernando ◽  
P. Tamilselvan ◽  
A. Stewart ◽  
M. Columb
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Blood Coagulation ◽  
Coagulation Parameters ◽  
Epidural Blood Patching

scholarly journals In Vitro Effects on Thrombin of Paris Saponins and In Vivo Hemostatic Activity Evaluation of Paris fargesii var. brevipetala

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (7) ◽  
pp. 1420 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feiyan Wen ◽  
Tiezhu Chen ◽  
Hongxiang Yin ◽  
Juan Lin ◽  
Hao Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Blood Coagulation ◽  
Bleeding Time ◽  
Blood Lipid ◽  
Coagulation Parameters ◽  
Thrombin Activity ◽  
Hemostatic Activity ◽  
In Vitro Effects ◽  
Lipid Parameters

The resource shortage of Rhizoma Paridis has never been effectively addressed, and the industry continues to search for alternative resources. The in vitro effects on thrombin of Paris saponins and in vivo hemostatic activity of Paris fargesii var. brevipetala (PF) were evaluated in this study. PF is considered to be an alternative source of Rhizoma Paridis (RP). The in vitro incubation experiment was designed to investigate the effects on thrombin activity of Paris saponin H (PS H) and saponin extract in PF. The bleeding time of mouse tail snipping was used to evaluate the in vivo hemostatic effects of Paris saponins. Also, in vivo changes in four blood coagulation parameters in rats after oral administration of different groups of Paris saponins were compared. The effects of Paris saponins on liver function and blood lipid parameters were examined in order to avoid drug-induced liver injury. Activity studies of thrombin after ultra-filtration centrifugation showed that Paris saponins were able to enhance thrombin activity. Ultra performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS) analysis results of the substrates led us to speculate that there is a specific binding between Paris saponins and thrombin. PS H and Paris saponins in PF significantly shortened the bleeding time in mice. One pathway by which Paris saponins enhance in vivo blood coagulation is by increasing fibrinogen (FIB), among the four blood coagulation parameters in rats. At the same time, the effects on liver and blood lipid parameters were insignificant. P. fargesii var. brevipetala can be developed as an alternative medicinal source of Rhizoma Paridis.

Influence of Human Cerebrospinal Fluid on Blood Coagulation in Vitro

1965 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 615-620 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. DeVIVO ◽  
E. KLINE ◽  
P. R. DODGE
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Blood Coagulation ◽  
Human Cerebrospinal Fluid

A Comparative Ex Vivo Study of Plasminogen Activators and Proteases for Fibrinolytic Activity and Side Effects in Rabbits

1977 ◽  
Vol 37 (01) ◽  
pp. 154-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. A Janik ◽  
S. E Papaioannou
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Effective Dose ◽  
Fibrinolytic Activity ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Plasminogen Activators ◽  
Assay System ◽  
Coagulation Parameters ◽  
Ex Vivo Assay

SummaryUrokinase, streptokinase, Brinase, trypsin, and SN 687, a bacterial exoprotease, have been evaluated in an ex vivo assay system. These enzymes were injected into rabbits and the fibrinolytic activity as well as other coagulation parameters were measured by in vitro techniques. Dose-response correlations have been made using the euglobulin lysis time as a measure of fibrinolytic activity and the 50% effective dose has been determined for each enzyme. Loading doses, equal to four times the 50% effective dose, were administered to monitor potential toxicity revealing that Brinase, trypsin, and SN 687 were very toxic at this concentration.Having established the 50% effective dose for each enzyme, further testing was conducted where relevant fibrinolytic and coagulation parameters were measured for up to two days following a 50% effective dose bolus injection of each enzyme. Our results have demonstrated that urokinase and streptokinase are plasminogen activators specifically activating the rabbit fibrinolytic system while Brinase, trypsin and SN 687 increase the general proteolytic activity in vivo.The advantages of this ex vivo assay system for evaluating relative fibrinolytic potencies and side effects for plasminogen activators and fibrinolytic proteases have been discussed.

The Natural Course of Defibrination Syndrome Caused by Echis Colorata Venom in Man

1974 ◽  
Vol 31 (03) ◽  
pp. 420-428 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Fainaru ◽  
S Eisenberg ◽  
N Manny ◽  
C Hershko
Keyword(s):  
Factor Viii ◽  
Blood Coagulation ◽  
Major Bleeding ◽  
Renal Damage ◽  
Specific Treatment ◽  
Natural Course ◽  
Factor V ◽  
Thrombocyte Count

SummaryThe natural course of defibrination syndrome caused by Echis colorata venom (ECV) in five patients is reported. All patients developed afibrinogenemia within six hours after the bite. Concomitantly a depression in factor V was recorded. Factor VIII and thrombocyte count in blood were normal in most patients. In the light of the known effects of ECV on blood coagulation in vivo and in vitro it is concluded that the afibrinogenemia is due to intravascular clotting.Four patients had transient renal damage, manifested by oliguria, azotemia, albuminuria and cylindruria, ascribed to microthrombi in the renal glomeruli.After the bite, the natural course was benign, no major bleeding was observed, and all signs of coagulopathy reverted to normal within 7 days. Therefore we recommend no specific treatment for this condition. In the case of heavily bleeding patients, administration of antiserum against ECV and/or heparin should be considered.

Effect of Temperature, Velocity Gradient and I.V. Heparin on in Vitro Blood Coagulation and Platelet Aggregation

1967 ◽  
Vol 17 (01/02) ◽  
pp. 112-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
L Dintenfass ◽  
M. C Rozenberg
Keyword(s):  
Blood Coagulation ◽  
Velocity Gradient ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Clotting Time ◽  
Progressive Change ◽  
Aggregation Of Platelets ◽  
Microscopic Techniques

SummaryA study of blood coagulation was carried out by observing changes in the blood viscosity of blood coagulating in the cone-in-cone viscometer. The clots were investigated by microscopic techniques.Immediately after blood is obtained by venepuncture, viscosity of blood remains constant for a certain “latent” period. The duration of this period depends not only on the intrinsic properties of the blood sample, but also on temperature and rate of shear used during blood storage. An increase of temperature decreases the clotting time ; also, an increase in the rate of shear decreases the clotting time.It is confirmed that morphological changes take place in blood coagula as a function of the velocity gradient at which such coagulation takes place. There is a progressive change from the red clot to white thrombus as the rates of shear increase. Aggregation of platelets increases as the rate of shear increases.This pattern is maintained with changes of temperature, although aggregation of platelets appears to be increased at elevated temperatures.Intravenously added heparin affects the clotting time and the aggregation of platelets in in vitro coagulation.

Effects of Human Antithrombin III on Mortality and Blood Coagulation Induced in Rabbits by Endotoxin

1984 ◽  
Vol 51 (02) ◽  
pp. 232-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
D C Triantaphyllopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Blood Coagulation ◽  
Bolus Dose ◽  
Antithrombin Iii ◽  
Coagulation Parameters ◽  
E Coli ◽  
At Iii ◽  
Baseline Values

SummaryTwenty-one rabbits were infused with 20μg/kg/hr of E. coli endotoxin for 6 hr. Eight of the animals were preinjected immediately before the infusion of endotoxin, with a bolus dose of human AT III calculated to increase the antithrombin content of the plasma by about 4 units/ml. All eight animals which were preinjected with AT III survived, while 5 of the 13 control rabbits infused with endotoxin alone died. The changes in coagulation parameters from the baseline values, between the 8 control rabbits which survived and the 8 animals which were preinjected with AT III were compared. The concentration of the preinjected human AT III declined significantly faster (P: <0.01) than that of the native rabbit AT III. AT III prevented the decline of F.XII throughout the infusion of the endotoxin. However, the decline in F.V, fibrinogen, prothrombin and platelets was not affected (P: >0.5) by the injection of AT III.

scholarly journals Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) augments metabolism and virulence expression factors in Acinetobacter baumannii

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jasmine Martinez ◽  
Chelsea Razo-Gutierrez ◽  
Casin Le ◽  
Robert Courville ◽  
Camila Pimentel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Acinetobacter Baumannii ◽  
Virulence Factors ◽  
Atp Synthesis ◽  
Bloodstream Infections ◽  
Model Systems ◽  
Phenotypic Traits ◽  
Virulence Determinants ◽  
Expression Of Genes

AbstractIn a recent report by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), multidrug resistant (MDR) Acinetobacter baumannii is a pathogen described as an “urgent threat.” Infection with this bacterium manifests as different diseases such as community and nosocomial pneumonia, bloodstream infections, endocarditis, infections of the urinary tract, wound infections, burn infections, skin and soft tissue infections, and meningitis. In particular, nosocomial meningitis, an unwelcome complication of neurosurgery caused by extensively-drug resistant (XDR) A. baumannii, is extremely challenging to manage. Therefore, understanding how A. baumannii adapts to different host environments, such as cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) that may trigger changes in expression of virulence factors that are associated with the successful establishment and progress of this infection is necessary. The present in-vitro work describes, the genetic changes that occur during A. baumannii infiltration into CSF and displays A. baumannii’s expansive versatility to persist in a nutrient limited environment while enhancing several virulence factors to survive and persist. While a hypervirulent A. baumannii strain did not show changes in its transcriptome when incubated in the presence of CSF, a low-virulence isolate showed significant differences in gene expression and phenotypic traits. Exposure to 4% CSF caused increased expression of virulence factors such as fimbriae, pilins, and iron chelators, and other virulence determinants that was confirmed in various model systems. Furthermore, although CSF's presence did not enhance bacterial growth, an increase of expression of genes encoding transcription, translation, and the ATP synthesis machinery was observed. This work also explores A. baumannii’s response to an essential component, human serum albumin (HSA), within CSF to trigger the differential expression of genes associated with its pathoadaptibility in this environment.

Cytologic detection of Toxoplasma gondii in the cerebrospinal fluid of a dog and in vitro isolation of a unique mouse-virulent recombinant strain

2021 ◽  
pp. 104063872199668
Author(s):  
Waléria Borges-Silva ◽  
Mariana M. Rezende-Gondim ◽  
Gideão S. Galvão ◽  
Daniele S. Rocha ◽  
George R. Albuquerque ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Recombinant Strain ◽  
Neospora Caninum ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Species Identity ◽  
Cytologic Examination ◽  
Pcr Rflp ◽  
Tissue Homogenates

Parasites resembling Neospora caninum or Toxoplasma gondii were detected by cytologic examination of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from a dog with neurologic disease. The dog became severely ill and was euthanized. Canine tissue homogenates were used for direct parasite isolation in cell culture, bioassay in 2 mouse lineages, and PCR. T. gondii was isolated in monkey kidney cells, and species identity was confirmed by PCR. Inoculated parasites were highly virulent for mice, which developed clinical signs and were euthanized immediately. PCR-RFLP for T. gondii using the cultured isolate (TgDgBA22) was conducted with 12 genetic markers, and a unique recombinant strain was identified. Detection of T. gondii by CSF cytology, although described in humans, had not been reported previously in dogs, to our knowledge, and was crucial for the diagnosis of toxoplasmosis in the examined dog.

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