scholarly journals VisualNeuro: A Hypothesis Formation and Reasoning Application for Multi‐Variate Brain Cohort Study Data

2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 392-407
Author(s):  
Daniel Jönsson ◽  
Albin Bergström ◽  
Camilla Forsell ◽  
Rozalyn Simon ◽  
Maria Engström ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Hypothesis Formation

scholarly journals Arterial stiffness and progression of cerebral white matter hyperintensities in patients with type 2 diabetes and matched controls: a 5-year cohort study

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristian L. Funck ◽  
Esben Laugesen ◽  
Pernille Høyem ◽  
Brian Stausbøl-Grøn ◽  
Won Y. Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Arterial Stiffness ◽  
White Matter Hyperintensities ◽  
Cerebrovascular Diseases ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Cerebral White Matter ◽  
Intracranial Volume

Abstract Background Stroke is a serious complication in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Arterial stiffness may improve stroke prediction. We investigated the association between carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity [PWV] and the progression of cerebral white matter hyperintensities (WMH), a marker of stroke risk, in patients with T2DM and controls. Methods In a 5-year cohort study, data from 45 patients and 59 non-diabetic controls were available for analysis. At baseline, participants had a mean (± SD) age of 59  ±  10 years and patients had a median (range) diabetes duration of 1.8 (0.8–3.2) years. PWV was obtained by tonometry and WMH volume by an automated segmentation algorithm based on cerebral T2-FLAIR and T1 MRI (corrected by intracranial volume, cWMH). High PWV was defined above 8.94 m/s (corresponding to the reference of high PWV above 10 m/s using the standardized path length method). Results Patients with T2DM had a higher PWV than controls (8.8  ±  2.2 vs. 7.9  ±  1.4 m/s, p  <  0.01). WMH progression were similar in the two groups (p  =  0.5). One m/s increase in baseline PWV was associated with a 16% [95% CI 1–32%], p  <  0.05) increase in cWMH volume at 5 years follow-up after adjustment for age, sex, diabetes, pulse pressure and smoking. High PWV was associated with cWMH progression in the combined cohort (p  <  0.05). We found no interaction between diabetes and PWV on cWMH progression. Conclusions PWV is associated with cWMH progression in patients with type 2 diabetes and non-diabetic controls. Our results indicate that arterial stiffness may be involved early in the pathophysiology leading to cerebrovascular diseases.

scholarly journals Long-term mortality due to infection associated with elevated liver enzymes: a population-based cohort study

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tak Kyu Oh ◽  
Eun Sun Jang ◽  
In-Ae Song
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Liver Enzymes ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Point Increase ◽  
Elevated Liver Enzymes ◽  
Glutamyl Transpeptidase ◽  
Long Term Mortality

AbstractWe aimed to investigate whether elevated liver enzymes in the adult population were associated with mortality due to infection. As a population-based cohort study, data from the National Health Insurance Service Health Screening Cohort were used. Adult individuals (aged ≥ 40 years) who underwent standardized medical examination between 2002 and 2003 were included, and infectious mortality was defined as mortality due to infection between 2004 and 2015. Aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (γ-GTP), AST/ALT ratio, and dynamic AST/ALT ratio (dAAR) were included in multivariable Cox modeling. A total of 512,746 individuals were included in this study. Infectious mortality occurred in 2444 individuals (0.5%). In the multivariable model, moderate and severe elevation in AST was associated with 1.94-fold [hazard ratio (HR):1.94, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.71–2.19; P < 0.001] and 3.93-fold (HR: 3.93, 95% CI 3.05–5.07; P < 0.001) higher infectious mortality respectively, compared with the normal AST group. Similar results were observed for moderate and severe elevation in ALT and mild, moderate, and severe elevation in γ-GTP. Additionally, a 1-point increase in the AST/ALT ratio and dAAR was associated with higher infection mortality. Elevated liver enzymes (AST, ALT, AST/ALT ratio, γ-GTP, and dAAR) were associated with increased infectious mortality.

scholarly journals Use of psychiatric hospitals and social integration of patients with psychiatric disorders: a prospective cohort study in five European countries

2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (11) ◽  
pp. 1425-1438
Author(s):  
Pierre Smith ◽  
Pablo Nicaise ◽  
Domenico Giacco ◽  
Victoria jane Bird ◽  
Michael Bauer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Social Integration ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Prospective Cohort Study ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
Psychiatric Hospitals ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Family Situation ◽  
Lengths Of Stay ◽  
The Social

Abstract Purpose Long lengths of stay (LoS) in psychiatric hospitals or repeated admission may affect the social integration of patients with psychiatric disorders. So far, however, studies have been inconclusive. This study aimed to analyse whether long LoS or repeated admissions in psychiatric wards were associated in different ways with changes in the social integration of patients. Methods Within a prospective cohort study, data were collected on 2181 patients with a main ICD-10 diagnosis of psychotic, affective, or anxiety disorder, hospitalised in the UK, Italy, Germany, Poland, and Belgium in 2015. Social integration was measured at baseline and 1 year after admission using the SIX index, which includes four dimensions: employment, housing, family situation, and friendship. Regression models were performed to test the association between LoS, the number of admissions, and the change in social integration over the study period, controlling for patients’ characteristics (trial registration ISRCTN40256812). Results A longer LoS was significantly associated with a decrease in social integration (β = − 0.23, 95%CI − 0.32 to − 0.14, p = 0.03), particularly regarding employment (OR = 2.21, 95%CI 1.18–3.24, p = 0.02), housing (OR = 3.45, 95%CI 1.74–5.16, p < 0.001), and family situation (OR = 1.94, 95%CI 1.10–2.78, p = 0.04). In contrast, repeated admissions were only associated with a decrease in friendship contacts (OR = 1.15, 95CI% 1.08–1.22, p = 0.03). Conclusions Results suggest that a longer hospital LoS is more strongly associated with a decrease in patients’ social integration than repeated admissions. Special attention should be paid to helping patients to find and retain housing and employment while hospitalised for long periods.

scholarly journals Erratum on “Non-indolent mantle cell lymphoma at a single public hospital in Brazil: real world first-line treatment cohort study data”

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 194
Author(s):  
Sergio Augusto Buzian Brasil ◽  
Carolina Colaço ◽  
Tomas Barrese ◽  
Roberto P. Paes ◽  
Cristina Bortolheiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Mantle Cell Lymphoma ◽  
Real World ◽  
Public Hospital ◽  
Cell Lymphoma ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Line Treatment ◽  
First Line ◽  
Mantle Cell ◽  
First Line Treatment

scholarly journals The management of adult appendicitis during the COVID-19 pandemic: an interim analysis of a UK cohort study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Javanmard-Emamghissi ◽  
◽  
H. Boyd-Carson ◽  
M. Hollyman ◽  
B. Doleman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Acute Appendicitis ◽  
Length Of Hospital Stay ◽  
Operative Management ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Standard Management ◽  
Included Patient ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Acute appendicitis (AA) is the most common general surgical emergency. Early laparoscopic appendicectomy is the gold-standard management. SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) brought concerns of increased perioperative mortality and spread of infection during aerosol generating procedures: as a consequence, conservative management was advised, and open appendicectomy recommended when surgery was unavoidable. This study describes the impact of the first weeks of the pandemic on the management of AA in the United Kingdom (UK). Methods Patients 18 years or older, diagnosed clinically and/or radiologically with AA were eligible for inclusion in this prospective, multicentre cohort study. Data was collected from 23rd March 2020 (beginning of the UK Government lockdown) to 1st May 2020 and included: patient demographics, COVID status; initial management (operative and conservative); length of stay; and 30-day complications. Analysis was performed on the first 500 cases with 30-day follow-up. Results The patient cohort consisted of 500 patients from 48 sites. The median age of this cohort was 35 [26–49.75] years and 233 (47%) of patients were female. Two hundred and seventy-one (54%) patients were initially treated conservatively; with only 26 (10%) cases progressing to an operation. Operative interventions were performed laparoscopically in 44% (93/211). Median length of hospital stay was significantly reduced in the conservatively managed group (2 [IQR 1–4] days vs. 3 [2–4], p < 0.001). At 30 days, complications were significantly higher in the operative group (p < 0.001), with no deaths in any group. Of the 159 (32%) patients tested for COVID-19 on admission, only 6 (4%) were positive. Conclusion COVID-19 has changed the management of acute appendicitis in the UK, with non-operative management shown to be safe and effective in the short-term. Antibiotics should be considered as the first line during the pandemic and perhaps beyond.

scholarly journals Transitions between frailty states in the very old: the influence of socioeconomic status and multi-morbidity in the Newcastle 85+ cohort study

2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (6) ◽  
pp. 974-981
Author(s):  
Nuno Mendonça ◽  
Andrew Kingston ◽  
Mohammad Yadegarfar ◽  
Helen Hanson ◽  
Rachel Duncan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Health Assessment ◽  
Clinical Intervention ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Subsequent Time ◽  
Multidimensional Health ◽  
Record Review ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal Cohort

Abstract Background Using Newcastle 85+ Study data, we investigated transitions between frailty states from age 85 to 90 years and whether multi-morbidities and socioeconomic status (SES) modify transitions. Methods The Newcastle 85+ Study is a prospective, longitudinal cohort study of all people born in 1921 in Newcastle and North Tyneside. Data included: a multidimensional health assessment; general practice record review (GPRR) and date of death. Using the Fried phenotype (participants defined as robust, pre-frail or frail), frailty was measured at baseline, 18, 36 and 60 months. Results Frailty scores were available for 82% (696/845) of participants at baseline. The prevalence of frailty was higher in women (29.7%, 123/414) than men (17.7%, 50/282) at baseline and all subsequent time points. Of those robust at baseline, 44.6% (50/112) remained robust at 18 months and 28% (14/50) at age 90. Most (52%) remained in the same state across consecutive interviews; only 6% of the transitions were recovery (from pre-frail to robust or frail to pre-frail), and none were from frail to robust. Four or more diseases inferred a greater likelihood of progression from robust to pre-frail even after adjustment for SES. SES did not influence the likelihood of moving from one frailty state to another. Conclusions Almost half the time between age 85 and 90, on average, was spent in a pre-frail state; multi-morbidity increased the chance of progression from robust and to frail; greater clinical intervention at the onset of a first chronic illness, to prevent transition to multi-morbidity, should be encouraged.

scholarly journals Estimating acute air pollution health effects from cohort study data

Biometrics ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 164-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam A. Szpiro ◽  
Lianne Sheppard ◽  
Sara D. Adar ◽  
Joel D. Kaufman
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Health Effects ◽  
Study Data

scholarly journals Undesirable social relations as risk factors for loneliness among 14-year-olds in the UK: Findings from the Millennium Cohort Study

2020 ◽  
pp. 016502542096573
Author(s):  
Keming Yang ◽  
Kimberly J. Petersen ◽  
Pamela Qualter
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Social Relationships ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Sample Survey ◽  
Millennium Cohort Study ◽  
Friendship Relations ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
The Uk

In the current study, data collected from Wave 6 of the Millennium Cohort Study ( n = 11,872), a nationally representative sample survey of youth aged 14 years in the UK, are used to examine the prevalence of loneliness among this age-group, investigate the feelings associated with the experience of loneliness among youth, explore the risk factors for loneliness among young people, and learn how they coped with loneliness. Given recent findings that youth are vulnerable to loneliness, the study assesses the prevalence of loneliness among adolescents across some important sociodemographic characteristics, such as nation of residence, gender, and ethnicity. We also identify the kinds of social experiences that accompany loneliness during adolescence, exploring friendship, relations with parents, social support, and bullying. Our key finding is that, in addition to the absence of desired social relationships, which has been typically identified as the ultimate source of loneliness, the presence of undesirable and even harmful social relationships is a major source of loneliness. This study uniquely brings together psychological and sociological perspectives to understand the experience of youth loneliness.

scholarly journals Characterizing clinical misdiagnosis of dementia using Medicare claims records linked to Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center (RADC) cohort study data

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (S10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bryan D James ◽  
Melinda C Power ◽  
Kan Z Gianattasio ◽  
Melissa Lamar ◽  
Shahram Oveisgharan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Medicare Claims
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