Childhood abuse as a risk factor for injection drug use: A systematic review of observational studies

2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy Prangnell ◽  
Sameer Imtiaz ◽  
Mohammad Karamouzian ◽  
Kanna Hayashi
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Childhood Abuse ◽  
Injection Drug Use ◽  
Observational Studies ◽  
Injection Drug

scholarly journals Drug Use and Postoperative Mortality Following Valve Surgery for Infective Endocarditis: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (7) ◽  
pp. 1120-1129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan Hall ◽  
Michael Shaughnessy ◽  
Griffin Boll ◽  
Kenneth Warner ◽  
Helen W Boucher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Infective Endocarditis ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Injection Drug Use ◽  
Systematic Reviews ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Postoperative Mortality ◽  
Valve Surgery ◽  
Injection Drug ◽  
Significant Difference

AbstractBackgroundInfective endocarditis (IE) often requires surgical intervention. An increasingly common cause of IE is injection drug use (IDU-IE). There is conflicting evidence on whether postoperative mortality differs between people with IDU-IE and people with IE from etiologies other than injection drug use (non–IDU-IE). In this manuscript, we compare short-term postoperative mortality in IDU-IE vs non–IDU-IE through systematic review and meta-analysis.MethodsThe review was conducted according to the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Publication databases were queried for key terms included in articles up to September 2017. Randomized controlled trials, prospective cohorts, or retrospective cohorts that reported on 30-day mortality or in-hospital/operative mortality following valve surgery and that compared outcomes between IDU-IE and non–IDU-IE were included.ResultsThirteen studies with 1593 patients (n = 341 [21.4%] IDU-IE) were included in the meta-analysis. IDU-IE patients more frequently had tricuspid valve infection, Staphylococcus infection, and heart failure before surgery. Meta-analysis revealed no statistically significant difference in 30-day postsurgical mortality or in-hospital mortality between the 2 groups.ConclusionsDespite differing preoperative clinical characteristics, early postoperative mortality does not differ between IDU-IE and non–IDU-IE patients who undergo valve surgery. Future research on long-term outcomes following valve replacement is needed to identify opportunities for improved healthcare delivery with IDU-IE.

scholarly journals Distribution of Hepatitis C Virus Genotypes in Canada: Results from the LCDC Sentinel Health Unit Surveillance System

1999 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
RK Chaudhary ◽  
M Tepper ◽  
S Eisaadany ◽  
Paul R Gully
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Injection Drug Use ◽  
Injection Drug Users ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Injection Drug ◽  
Major Risk Factor ◽  
Hcv Rna

In a sentinel hepatitis surveillance study conducted by sentinel health units, 1469 patients were enrolled, and 959 (65.3%) were positive for antibody to hepatitis C virus (HCV). Samples from 387 patients (40.4%) were tested for HCV RNA, and 289 (74.7%) were positive for RNA. The major risk factor for HCV infection was injection drug use, reported in 71% of cases. The genotyping of HCV isolates showed that subtype 1a (48%) was predominant in Canada. The other subtypes detected were 1b (19%), 2a (6%), 2b (3%), 3a (22%) and 4a (1%). In Winnipeg, Manitoba, subtype 3a (47%) was more prevalent than subtype 1a (37%), and, in Guelph, Ontario, both subtypes 1a and 3a had equal (40%) distribution. The prevalence of subtype 3a was significantly higher in injection drug users (27%) than in nonusers (10%) (P<0.005). In Canada, injection drug use is the major risk factor for HCV infections, and subtype 1a is more prevalent.

Interventions to prevent the initiation of injection drug use: A systematic review

2013 ◽  
Vol 133 (2) ◽  
pp. 669-676 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan Werb ◽  
Jane Buxton ◽  
Jeannie Shoveller ◽  
Chris Richardson ◽  
Greg Rowell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Injection Drug Use ◽  
Injection Drug

Injection and non-injection drug use among female sex workers in Iran: A systematic review and meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 221 ◽  
pp. 108655 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Tavakoli ◽  
Mehrdad Khezri ◽  
Michelle Tam ◽  
Azam Bazrafshan ◽  
Hamid Sharifi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Injection Drug Use ◽  
Sex Workers ◽  
Female Sex Workers ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Injection Drug ◽  
Female Sex

scholarly journals The experience of initiating injection drug use and its social context: a qualitative systematic review and thematic synthesis

Addiction ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 112 (12) ◽  
pp. 2098-2111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andy Guise ◽  
Danielle Horyniak ◽  
Jason Melo ◽  
Ryan McNeil ◽  
Dan Werb
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Social Context ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Injection Drug Use ◽  
Injection Drug ◽  
Thematic Synthesis ◽  
Qualitative Systematic Review

scholarly journals Enhanced Surveillance of Acute Hepatitis B and C in Four Health Regions in Canada, 1998 TO 1999

2001 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 357-363 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shimian Zou ◽  
Jun Zhang ◽  
Martin Tepper ◽  
Antonio Giulivi ◽  
Beverley Baptiste ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Acute Hepatitis ◽  
Injection Drug Use ◽  
Injection Drug ◽  
Acute Hepatitis C ◽  
Acute Hepatitis B

OBJECTIVE:To assess the incidence and risk factors for acute hepatitis B and acute hepatitis C in a defined Canadian population.PATIENTS AND METHODS:An enhanced surveillance system was established in October 1998 to identify cases of acute hepatitis B and C infections in four regions in Canada, with a total population of approximately 3.2 million people. Information on demographic and clinical characteristics, laboratory results and potential risk factors was collected using predefined questionnaires.RESULTS:A total of 79 cases of acute hepatitis B and 102 cases of acute hepatitis C were identified from October 1998 to December 1999, resulting in an incidence rate of 2.3 and 2.9/100,000 person-years, respectively. Males had higher incidence rates than females. The incidence of acute hepatitis B peaked at age 30 to 39 years for both males and females, whereas acute hepatitis C peaked at 30 to 39 years for males and 15 to 29 years for females. At least 34% of acute hepatitis B and 63% of acute hepatitis C were associated with injection drug use. Persons who were 15 to 39 years of age were more likely to report injection drug use as a risk factor. Heterosexual contact was reported to be a risk factor for 36.6% of acute hepatitis B cases and 3.5% of acute hepatitis C cases.CONCLUSIONS:The surveillance provides national incidence estimates of clinically recognized acute hepatitis B and C. Both hepatitis B and C are important public health threats to Canadians. Prevention efforts for both diseases should focus on injection drug use, especially for people aged 15 to 39 years. Risky sexual behaviour is also a major concern in prevention of hepatitis B in Canada.

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