scholarly journals PM 7/62 (3) ‘ Candidatus Phytoplasma mali’, ‘ Ca . P. pyri’ and ‘ Ca . P. prunorum’

EPPO Bulletin ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-85
Keyword(s):  
Candidatus Phytoplasma Mali

scholarly journals Surveying Potential Vectors of Apple Proliferation Phytoplasma: Faunistic Analysis and Infection Status of Selected Auchenorrhyncha Species

Insects ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 12
Author(s):  
Stefanie Fischnaller ◽  
Martin Parth ◽  
Manuel Messner ◽  
Robert Stocker ◽  
Christine Kerschbamer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Records ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Insect Vectors ◽  
Infection Status ◽  
Apple Proliferation ◽  
Population Densities ◽  
South Tyrol ◽  
Candidatus Phytoplasma Mali ◽  
Cacopsylla Melanoneura

Apple proliferation (AP) is one of the economically most important diseases in European apple cultivation. The disease is caused by the cell-wall-less bacterium ’ Candidatus Phytoplasma mali’, which is transmitted by Cacopsylla picta (Foerster) and Cacopsylla melanoneura (Foerster) (Hemiptera: Psylloidea). In South Tyrol (Italy), severe outbreaks were documented since the 1990s. Infestation rates of AP do not always correlate with the population densities of the confirmed vectors, implying the presence of other, so far unknown, hemipterian vectors. By elucidating the species community of Auchenorrhyncha (Insecta: Hemiptera) at a regional scale, more than 31,000 specimens were captured in South Tyrolean apple orchards. The occurrence of 95 species was confirmed, whereas fourteen species are new records for this territory. Based on the faunistical data, more than 3600 individuals out of 25 species were analyzed using quantitative PCR to assess the presence of AP phytoplasma. The pathogen was sporadically detected in some individuals of different species, for example in Stictocephala bisonia Kopp and Yonk (Hemiptera: Membracidae). However, the concentration of phytoplasma was much lower than in infected C. picta and C. melanoneura captured in the same region, confirming the role of the latter mentioned psyllids as the main insect vectors of AP- phytoplasma in South Tyrol.

scholarly journals Temporal Dynamics of ‘Ca. Phytoplasma mali’ Load in the Insect Vector Cacopsylla melanoneura

Insects ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 592
Author(s):  
Valentina Candian ◽  
Monia Monti ◽  
Rosemarie Tedeschi
Keyword(s):  
Host Plants ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Vector Competence ◽  
Insect Vector ◽  
Life Stages ◽  
Candidatus Phytoplasma Mali ◽  
High Infection ◽  
Cacopsylla Melanoneura

The transmission of phytoplasmas is the result of an intricate interplay involving pathogens, insect vectors and host plants. Knowledge of the vector’s competence during its lifespan allows us to define more sustainable well-timed control strategies targeted towards the most worrisome life stages. We investigated the temporal dynamics of ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma mali’ load in Cacopsylla melanoneura in the different developmental stages in Northwest Italy. The phytoplasma load in the vector was evaluated in overwintering adults, nymphs and newly emerged adults after different acquisition access periods. Moreover, we followed the multiplication of the phytoplasma during the aestivation and the overwintering period on conifers. Our results confirmed the ability of remigrants to retain the phytoplasma until the end of winter. We also highlighted the high acquisition efficiency and vector competence, based on phytoplasma load, of nymphs and newly emerged adults. Therefore, particular attention should be paid to the management of overwintered C. melanoneura as soon as they return to the orchards, but also to newly emerged adults, particularly in orchards with a high infection rate and when the migration to conifers is delayed.

Candidatus Phytoplasma mali. [Distribution map].

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Malus Domestica ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
Candidatus Phytoplasma Mali ◽  
Main Host ◽  
Southern Russia ◽  
New Distribution ◽  
Distribution In Europe

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Candidatus Phytoplasma mali. Mollicutes: Acholeplasmatales: Acholeplasmataceae. Main host: apple (Malus domestica). Information is given on the geographical distribution in Europe (Albania, Austria, Belgium, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Mainland Greece, Hungary, Italy, Moldova, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Romania, Russia, Southern Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, UK, England and Wales, Ukraine), Asia (Syria, Turkey), Africa (Tunisia).

scholarly journals Analysis of Expressed Genes of the Bacterium ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma Mali’ Highlights Key Features of Virulence and Metabolism

PLoS ONE ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. e94391 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christin Siewert ◽  
Toni Luge ◽  
Bojan Duduk ◽  
Erich Seemüller ◽  
Carmen Büttner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Candidatus Phytoplasma Mali ◽  
Key Features

scholarly journals The anticipated potential nuclear localization sequence of ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma mali’ SAP11-like protein is required for TCP binding but not for transport into the nucleus

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alisa Strohmayer ◽  
Timothy Schwarz ◽  
Mario Braun ◽  
Gabi Krczal ◽  
Kajohn Boonrod
Keyword(s):  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Leader Sequence ◽  
Effector Proteins ◽  
Nuclear Localization Sequence ◽  
Candidatus Phytoplasma Mali ◽  
Localization Sequence ◽  
Amino Acid Stretch ◽  
Apple Production ◽  
Proliferating Cell ◽  
Heavy Damage

AbstractThe plant pathogen ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma mali’ (‘Ca. P. mali’) is the causing agent of apple proliferation that leads to heavy damage in apple production all over Europe. To identify and analyze effector proteins of plant pathogens is an important strategy in plant disease research. Here, we report that the SAP11-like protein of ‘Ca. P. mali’ induces crinkled leaves and siliques and witches’ broom symptoms in transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana (A. thaliana) plants and binds to 6 members of class I and all members of class II TCP (TEOSINE BRANCHES/ CYCLOIDEA/PROLIFERATING CELL FACTOR) transcription factors of A. thaliana in yeast two-hybrid assays. Moreover, we demonstrate that the protein localizes actively into the plant nucleus without requiring the nuclear leader sequence (NLS). We also identified a 17 amino acid stretch previously predicted to be a nuclear leader sequence that is important for the binding of some of the TCPs and also responsible for the crinkled leaf and silique phenotype in transgenic A. thaliana.

scholarly journals Identification of Plant DNA in Adults of the Phytoplasma Vector Cacopsylla picta Helps Understanding Its Feeding Behavior

Insects ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 835
Author(s):  
Dana Barthel ◽  
Hannes Schuler ◽  
Jonas Galli ◽  
Luigimaria Borruso ◽  
Jacob Geier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Feeding Behavior ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Herbaceous Plant ◽  
Plant Dna ◽  
Cacopsylla Picta ◽  
Candidatus Phytoplasma Mali ◽  
Deep Sequencing Technology ◽  
Phytoplasma Vector ◽  
Plant Families ◽  
Phloem Feeding

Apple proliferation is an economically important disease and a threat for commercial apple cultivation. The causative pathogen, the bacterium ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma mali’, is mainly transmitted by Cacopsylla picta, a phloem-feeding insect that develops on the apple tree (Malus spp.). To investigate the feeding behavior of adults of the phytoplasma vector Cacopsylla picta in more detail, we used deep sequencing technology to identify plant-specific DNA ingested by the insect. Adult psyllids were collected in different apple orchards in the Trentino-South Tyrol region of northern Italy. DNA from the whole body of the insect was extracted and analyzed for the presence of plant DNA by performing PCR with two plant-specific primers that target the chloroplast regions trnH-psbA and rbcLa. DNA from 23 plant genera (trnH) and four plant families (rbcLa) of woody and herbaceous plant taxa was detected. Up to six and three plant genera and families, respectively, could be determined in single specimens. The results of this study contribute to a better understanding of the feeding behavior of adult Cacopsylla picta.

On the apple proliferation symptom display and the canopy colonization pattern of “Candidatus Phytoplasma mali” in apple trees

2010 ◽  
Vol 127 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Djaouida Rekab ◽  
Giuseppe Pirajno ◽  
Emanuele Cettul ◽  
Flavio Roberto De Salvador ◽  
Giuseppe Firrao
Keyword(s):  
Apple Proliferation ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
Colonization Pattern ◽  
Candidatus Phytoplasma Mali
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