Beyond talk: Contributions of quantity and quality of communication to language success across socioeconomic strata

Infancy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-147
Author(s):  
Lillian R. Masek ◽  
Sarah J. Paterson ◽  
Roberta Michnick Golinkoff ◽  
Roger Bakeman ◽  
Lauren B. Adamson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Strata

scholarly journals Study of Aerosol Therapy Compliance in Bronchial Asthmatics

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 37
Author(s):  
B. K. Mutha ◽  
Gauri S. Kulkarni ◽  
Sushma R. Dugad ◽  
Saurabh Borgaonkar
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effect ◽  
Asthma Management ◽  
Suboptimal Control ◽  
Aerosol Therapy ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
Improve Compliance ◽  
Socioeconomic Strata ◽  
Therapy Compliance ◽  
A Prospective Study

Asthma is commonly controllable but often neglected disease associated with huge burden to family and society. It is important to obtain optimal control to improve quality of life in asthmatics. The suboptimal control of disease occurs due to very poor adherence to aerosol therapy. Objective is to study the aerosol therapy compliance in bronchial asthmatics and the factors responsible for non compliance of aerosol therapy and effect of repeated health education on compliance. It is a prospective study where patient was followed up monthly for three months for collecting data and checking the compliance. This study included 113 bronchial asthmatics who were taking aerosol therapy for 1 or more years. After three months it was observed that only 45 patient (39.82%) were compliant and 68 (60.17%) were non compliant to aerosol therapy as advised by doctor, after employing various strategies, compliance improved in 22 (32.35%) of the previously compliant patients. Factors responsible for poor compliance were low level of education, patients from poor socioeconomic strata, poorly accessible pharmacy, adverse effect and fear of adverse effect (forgetfulness busy life style, ill altitude to chronic condition) felt better with medications, negligence dislike medication. Non compliance with treatment is an eminent challenge in asthma management and various compliance improving strategies can helpful to improve compliance in few patient.

scholarly journals Assessment of IBS symptoms among patients of lower socio-economic strata attending medicine OPD in a tertiary care hospital in South Delhi

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 1117
Author(s):  
Sana Rehman ◽  
Anwar Habib ◽  
Razi Ahmad ◽  
Zenis Baluja
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Common Symptom ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Lower Socioeconomic ◽  
Socioeconomic Strata

Background: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common functional disorder throughout the world with no clear diagnostic markers. The diagnosis relies mostly on clinical presentation. In India, IBS is less estimated in lower socioeconomic group population. The objective of this study was to assess the proportions of symptoms compatible with IBS, and its prevalence among the patients of low socio-economic strata.Methods: An OPD based observational study carried out in a tertiary care hospital in south Delhi for a period of 10 years (Nov-2006 to Oct-2016). This hospital caters to low socioeconomic strata. All the study subjects were interviewed based on questionnaires compatible with Manning and Rome II criteriaResults: Symptoms of IBS was more in male (65.12%) and highest prevalence was in the age group 31 to 35 years (56.62%), flatulence was found to be the most common symptom compatible with IBS (58.37%) followed by pain abdomen (42.9%), loose motion (38.6%) and constipation (30.5%). The other important associated symptoms were headache 47.7% and insomnia in 44.62%.Conclusions: The symptoms compatible with IBS are common among the lower socioeconomic strata leading to a negative impact on their health-related quality of life and work performance, with high rate of physician's visits and further deteriorating their economic condition. Early diagnosis and health education may improve the quality of life and productivity in this population.

scholarly journals ENVEJECIMIENTO Y ESTRATOS: SOCIOECONOMIC INEQUALITY IN AGING IN COLOMBIA

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S788-S788
Author(s):  
Margarita Osuna ◽  
Jennifer A Ailshire
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Socioeconomic Inequality ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Daily Activities ◽  
Sensory Impairment ◽  
Socioeconomic Strata ◽  
Latin American Countries ◽  
Health And Well Being

Abstract Colombia has the highest level of income inequality among Latin American countries, which likely translates into disparities in the aging experience. This study uses data on adults ages 60 and older from the 2017 National Survey of Quality of Life to examine socioeconomic stratification in physical health and psychological well-being. Colombians are assigned to estratos that reflect their residential location as well as social and economic position. Compared to those in the lowest estrato, older adults in the middle and high estratos are less likely to report having sensory impairment or difficulty with daily activities. They are also 1-2 times more likely to report feeling happy and calm. Those in the highest estratos are less likely to report feeling worried. Results suggest there is tremendous variation in the aging experience across socioeconomic strata and that older adults in the lowest strata are particularly disadvantaged with respect to health and well-being.

Immunoferritin localization of intracellular antigens in positively stained frozen sections

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 168-169
Author(s):  
K. T. Tokuyasu
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Water Surface ◽  
Thin Layers ◽  
The Other ◽  
Positive Staining ◽  
Frozen Sections ◽  
The Past ◽  
Ultrathin Frozen Sections ◽  
Definition Of

During the past investigations of immunoferritin localization of intracellular antigens in ultrathin frozen sections, we found that the degree of negative staining required to delineate u1trastructural details was often too dense for the recognition of ferritin particles. The quality of positive staining of ultrathin frozen sections, on the other hand, has generally been far inferior to that attainable in conventional plastic embedded sections, particularly in the definition of membranes. As we discussed before, a main cause of this difficulty seemed to be the vulnerability of frozen sections to the damaging effects of air-water surface tension at the time of drying of the sections.Indeed, we found that the quality of positive staining is greatly improved when positively stained frozen sections are protected against the effects of surface tension by embedding them in thin layers of mechanically stable materials at the time of drying (unpublished).

Lithography below 100 nm

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 96-99
Author(s):  
L. D. Jackel
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Electron Beam ◽  
Electron Scattering ◽  
Electron Beam Lithography ◽  
Substrate Material ◽  
Local Electron ◽  
Electron Dose ◽  
Positive Resist ◽  
Exposure Process

Most production electron beam lithography systems can pattern minimum features a few tenths of a micron across. Linewidth in these systems is usually limited by the quality of the exposing beam and by electron scattering in the resist and substrate. By using a smaller spot along with exposure techniques that minimize scattering and its effects, laboratory e-beam lithography systems can now make features hundredths of a micron wide on standard substrate material. This talk will outline sane of these high- resolution e-beam lithography techniques.We first consider parameters of the exposure process that limit resolution in organic resists. For concreteness suppose that we have a “positive” resist in which exposing electrons break bonds in the resist molecules thus increasing the exposed resist's solubility in a developer. Ihe attainable resolution is obviously limited by the overall width of the exposing beam, but the spatial distribution of the beam intensity, the beam “profile” , also contributes to the resolution. Depending on the local electron dose, more or less resist bonds are broken resulting in slower or faster dissolution in the developer.

Convergent Beam Electron Diffraction

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 304-315
Author(s):  
G. Lehmpfuhl
Keyword(s):  
Electron Diffraction ◽  
Diffraction Pattern ◽  
Crystal Surface ◽  
Diffraction Spot ◽  
Crystal Thickness ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Microscopic Investigations

Introduction In electron microscopic investigations of crystalline specimens the direct observation of the electron diffraction pattern gives additional information about the specimen. The quality of this information depends on the quality of the crystals or the crystal area contributing to the diffraction pattern. By selected area diffraction in a conventional electron microscope, specimen areas as small as 1 µ in diameter can be investigated. It is well known that crystal areas of that size which must be thin enough (in the order of 1000 Å) for electron microscopic investigations are normally somewhat distorted by bending, or they are not homogeneous. Furthermore, the crystal surface is not well defined over such a large area. These are facts which cause reduction of information in the diffraction pattern. The intensity of a diffraction spot, for example, depends on the crystal thickness. If the thickness is not uniform over the investigated area, one observes an averaged intensity, so that the intensity distribution in the diffraction pattern cannot be used for an analysis unless additional information is available.

Observability of Very Thick Specimen by Using Transmission Scanning Electron Microscope

1971 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 26-27
Author(s):  
K. Shibatomi ◽  
T. Yamanoto ◽  
H. Koike
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Image Quality ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope ◽  
Chromatic Aberration ◽  
Image Contrast ◽  
Objective Lens ◽  
Thick Specimen ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Scanning Electron

In the observation of a thick specimen by means of a transmission electron microscope, the intensity of electrons passing through the objective lens aperture is greatly reduced. So that the image is almost invisible. In addition to this fact, it have been reported that a chromatic aberration causes the deterioration of the image contrast rather than that of the resolution. The scanning electron microscope is, however, capable of electrically amplifying the signal of the decreasing intensity, and also free from a chromatic aberration so that the deterioration of the image contrast due to the aberration can be prevented. The electrical improvement of the image quality can be carried out by using the fascionating features of the SEM, that is, the amplification of a weak in-put signal forming the image and the descriminating action of the heigh level signal of the background. This paper reports some of the experimental results about the thickness dependence of the observability and quality of the image in the case of the transmission SEM.

The Current Situation in Chemical Stabilization of Biological Materials

1972 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 132-133
Author(s):  
John H. Luft
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Osmium Tetroxide ◽  
Molecular Level ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Chemical Stabilization ◽  
Specimen Preparation ◽  
Sufficient Condition ◽  
Radio Telescopes

With information processing devices such as radio telescopes, microscopes or hi-fi systems, the quality of the output often is limited by distortion or noise introduced at the input stage of the device. This analogy can be extended usefully to specimen preparation for the electron microscope; fixation, which initiates the processing sequence, is the single most important step and, unfortunately, is the least well understood. Although there is an abundance of fixation mixtures recommended in the light microscopy literature, osmium tetroxide and glutaraldehyde are favored for electron microscopy. These fixatives react vigorously with proteins at the molecular level. There is clear evidence for the cross-linking of proteins both by osmium tetroxide and glutaraldehyde and cross-linking may be a necessary if not sufficient condition to define fixatives as a class.

Resistance Monitor and Control for Vacuum Evaporation of Metals and Carbon

1976 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 572-573
Author(s):  
Russell L. Steere ◽  
Eric F. Erbe ◽  
J. Michael Moseley
Keyword(s):  
Electronic Device ◽  
Point Sources ◽  
High Contrast ◽  
Variable Resistor ◽  
Quality Of Results ◽  
Low Contrast ◽  
Evaporation Source ◽  
And Control ◽  
At Will

We have designed and built an electronic device which compares the resistance of a defined area of vacuum evaporated material with a variable resistor. When the two resistances are matched, the device automatically disconnects the primary side of the substrate transformer and stops further evaporation.This approach to controlled evaporation in conjunction with the modified guns and evaporation source permits reliably reproducible multiple Pt shadow films from a single Pt wrapped carbon point source. The reproducibility from consecutive C point sources is also reliable. Furthermore, the device we have developed permits us to select a predetermined resistance so that low contrast high-resolution shadows, heavy high contrast shadows, or any grade in between can be selected at will. The reproducibility and quality of results are demonstrated in Figures 1-4 which represent evaporations at various settings of the variable resistor.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document