International NGOs and the Role of Network Centrality in Humanitarian Aid Operations: A Case Study of Coordination During the 2000 Mozambique Floods

Disasters ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 305-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Spencer Moore ◽  
Eugenia Eng ◽  
Mark Daniel
Keyword(s):  
Humanitarian Aid ◽  
Network Centrality ◽  
International Ngos

scholarly journals Drawing upon a Comparative Case Study of Iraq and Afghanistan Critically Assess the Success and Failures in the Negotiation Process to Get Personnel and/or Humanitarian Aid to Populations in Need

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 165
Author(s):  
Francesco Bruno
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Structure ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
War On Terror ◽  
Humanitarian Aid ◽  
Negotiation Process ◽  
Comparative Case Study ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
International Ngos

This paper critically assesses and compares the successes and failures of Non-Governmental Organizations(NGOs) in negotiating access to humanitarian spaces in two case studies, namely Afghanistan and Iraq. The case studies have been selected due to the nature of the two wars, namely the link to the “War on Terror” declared by President George W. Bush in 2001. As a consequence, the selected cases highlight highly politicized and insecure environments for the NGOs to work in. In terms of successes, the NGOs became more flexible in their organizational structure while solving cases on a day-to-day basis negotiating access with local as well as international actors. However, the nature of the conflicts completely shuttered any opportunity to uphold the principles of impartiality, neutrality and independence. In terms of failures, the case studies point out one of the main and most recurrent dilemmas for the NGOs, namely the lack of legitimacy and independency. As a consequence, many international NGOs engaged in remote projects using local personnel in insecure and dangerous areas lacking tools for monitoring the progresses and successes.

A Mathematical Model of Humanitarian Aid Agencies in Attritional Conflict Environments

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy A. McLennan-Smith ◽  
Alexander C. Kalloniatis ◽  
Zlatko Jovanoski ◽  
Harvinder S. Sidhu ◽  
Dale O. Roberts ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Functional Response ◽  
Limit Cycles ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Humanitarian Aid ◽  
Mathematical Ecology ◽  
History Of

Tools from mathematical ecology in a combat model with humanitarian aid agencies Conflict models have a long history of taking inspiration from mathematical ecology. In “A mathematical model of humanitarian aid agencies in attritional conflict environments,” McLennan-Smith et al. seek to enrich counterinsurgency (COIN) warfare models to account for modern and future complexities by incorporating nontrophic effects and the functional response from mathematical ecology. The authors consider the application of these ideas in a COIN scenario in which a humanitarian aid agency is present in the conflict environment to support the local population. In this scenario, the aid agency plays the unwilling role of a “hospital shield” whereby it is forced to, or inadvertently, shield combatants or weapons. In contrast to the typical behavior seen in the classic Lanchester system, this model gives rise to limit cycles and bifurcations that the authors interpret through a warfighting application. Finally, through a case study, the authors highlight the importance of the agility of an intervention force in achieving victory when humanitarian aid agencies are present.

scholarly journals Humanitarian makerspaces in crisis-affected communities

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 374-386
Author(s):  
Lucia Corsini ◽  
James Moultrie
Keyword(s):  
Asylum Seekers ◽  
Humanitarian Aid ◽  
Study Approach ◽  
Humanitarian Organizations ◽  
Humanitarian Interventions ◽  
Design Activities ◽  
Increasing Demand ◽  
Refugees And Asylum Seekers

AbstractThere is an increasing demand for humanitarian aid around the world. At the same time, the number of makerspaces has been growing exponentially. Recently, the humanitarian sector has become interested in how these new design spaces can help crisis-affected populations. Despite the emergence of humanitarian makerspaces, there is little research to date that documents their outcomes and impacts. A multi-case study approach is taken to analyze three makerspaces that support migrants, refugees, and asylum seekers in Greece. A maturity grid tool is used to show that humanitarian makerspaces are driving impact in six key areas. The study underlines how these makerspaces support different design activities and have different outcomes. It also considers the challenges which are preventing humanitarian makerspaces from achieving their ultimate goals, drawing attention to the need for an enabling ecosystem in both the local and humanitarian context. This research brings clarity to the poorly understood phenomenon of humanitarian makerspaces and highlights the important role of design in humanitarian interventions. It also reveals practical insights for humanitarian organizations who are considering setting up makerspaces in crisis-affected communities.

Reconciling State’s Sovereignty with Global Norms: Indonesia’s Quiet Diplomacy in Myanmar and the Feasibility of the Implementation of Responsibility to Protect (R2P) in Southeast Asia

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-36
Author(s):  
Mohamad Rosyidin
Keyword(s):  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Use Of Force ◽  
Humanitarian Aid ◽  
Authoritarian Regimes ◽  
Responsibility To Protect ◽  
The West ◽  
Global Norms ◽  
Naming And Shaming

In spite of optimistic views on the feasibility of the R2P operationalisation in Southeast Asia, reconciling global norms with regional principles is not an easy task given the cult of sovereignty that inhibits socialisation and implementation of R2P. Using the case study of Indonesia’s foreign policy implementation in Myanmar, this article demonstrates that asean’s (Association of Southeast Asian Nations) non-interference principle does not necessarily negate R2P norms. Indonesia’s approach in Myanmar reflects Pillar 2 of R2P which underlines the importance of equal sovereignty and the greater role of trusted partners. Indonesia’s preference to quiet diplomacy instead of naming and shaming or utilising sanctions is an effective way to open Myanmar’s resistance. At the same time, the pledge of Indonesia’s humanitarian aid to Rohingya refugees represents alternative instruments of Pillar3 aside from the use of force. This argument implies that intervention does not always require coercion against authoritarian regimes, as employed by the West for decades.

The role of multiplicity in a cult: A case study

1987 ◽  
Author(s):  
William A. Worrall ◽  
Ann W. Stockman

Endangered Butterflies and their Non-Native Host Plants: Examining Shifting Values of Belonging in Restoration

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Robert M. Anderson ◽  
Amy M. Lambert
Keyword(s):  
Ecological Restoration ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Puget Sound ◽  
A Value ◽  
The Social ◽  
Remote Island ◽  
Scientific Truth ◽  
Native Host

The island marble butterfly (Euchloe ausonides insulanus), thought to be extinct throughout the 20th century until re-discovered on a single remote island in Puget Sound in 1998, has become the focus of a concerted protection effort to prevent its extinction. However, efforts to “restore” island marble habitat conflict with efforts to “restore” the prairie ecosystem where it lives, because of the butterfly’s use of a non-native “weedy” host plant. Through a case study of the island marble project, we examine the practice of ecological restoration as the enactment of particular norms that define which species are understood to belong in the place being restored. We contextualize this case study within ongoing debates over the value of “native” species, indicative of deep-seated uncertainties and anxieties about the role of human intervention to alter or manage landscapes and ecosystems, in the time commonly described as the “Anthropocene.” We interpret the question of “what plants and animals belong in a particular place?” as not a question of scientific truth, but a value-laden construct of environmental management in practice, and we argue for deeper reflexivity on the part of environmental scientists and managers about the social values that inform ecological restoration.

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