Self-reports by alcohol and drug abuse inpatients: factors affecting reliability and validity

Addiction ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 87 (7) ◽  
pp. 1013-1024 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOSEPH BROWN ◽  
HENRY R. KRANZLER ◽  
FRANCES K. DEL BOCA
Keyword(s):  
Drug Abuse ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Self Reports ◽  
Alcohol And Drug Abuse

Tuberculosis

2020 ◽  
pp. 1126-1149
Author(s):  
Richard E. Chaisson ◽  
Jean B. Nachega
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Drug Abuse ◽  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Cause Of Death ◽  
Host Immunity ◽  
Risk Of Infection ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Alcohol And Drug Abuse ◽  
Active Disease

Tuberculosis is caused by organisms of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex, including M. tuberculosis (the most important), M. bovis, and M. africanum. It has been present since antiquity and is the leading infectious cause of death ahead of HIV infection. An estimated 2 billion people worldwide carry latent infection, when M. tuberculosis persists within cells and granulomas, with the potential to reactivate to cause disease decades later. Tubercle bacilli are transmitted between people by aerosols generated when an infectious person coughs. Proximity to an infectious person determines the risk of infection. Host immunity and factors affecting it—most importantly HIV infection but also diabetes, cigarette smoking, and alcohol and drug abuse—determine the risk of active disease following infection.

Assessment of health related issues in individuals’, couples’, and families’ daily life

2008 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 146-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meinrad Perrez ◽  
Michael Reicherts ◽  
Yves Hänggi ◽  
Andrea B. Horn ◽  
Gisela Michel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Ecological Validity ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Emotional States ◽  
Self Reports ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Lower Variability

Abstract. Most research in health psychology is based on retrospective self reports, which are distorted by recall biases and have low ecological validity. To overcome such limitations we developed computer assisted diary approaches to assess health related behaviours in individuals’, couples’ and families’ daily life. The event- and time-sampling-based instruments serve to assess appraisals of the current situation, feelings of physical discomfort, current emotional states, conflict and emotion regulation in daily life. They have proved sufficient reliability and validity in the context of individual, couple and family research with respect to issues like emotion regulation and health. As examples: Regarding symptom reporting curvilinear pattern of frequencies over the day could be identified by parents and adolescents; or psychological well-being is associated with lower variability in basic affect dimensions. In addition, we report on preventive studies to improve parental skills and enhance their empathic competences towards their baby, and towards their partner.

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