Investigating the relationship between raw milk bacterial composition, as described by intergenic transcribed spacer-PCR fingerprinting, and pasture altitude

2009 ◽  
Vol 107 (4) ◽  
pp. 1319-1329 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Bonizzi ◽  
J.N. Buffoni ◽  
M. Feligini ◽  
G. Enne
Keyword(s):  
Raw Milk ◽  
Bacterial Composition ◽  
Pcr Fingerprinting ◽  
The Relationship

scholarly journals A New Paradigm in the Relationship between Melatonin and Breast Cancer: Gut Microbiota Identified as a Potential Regulatory Agent

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 3141
Author(s):  
Aurora Laborda-Illanes ◽  
Lidia Sánchez-Alcoholado ◽  
Soukaina Boutriq ◽  
Isaac Plaza-Andrades ◽  
Jesús Peralta-Linero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Bacterial Population ◽  
Kynurenine Pathway ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Bacterial Composition ◽  
Glucuronidase Activity ◽  
The One ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Melatonin Production

In this review we summarize a possible connection between gut microbiota, melatonin production, and breast cancer. An imbalance in gut bacterial population composition (dysbiosis), or changes in the production of melatonin (circadian disruption) alters estrogen levels. On the one hand, this may be due to the bacterial composition of estrobolome, since bacteria with β-glucuronidase activity favour estrogens in a deconjugated state, which may ultimately lead to pathologies, including breast cancer. On the other hand, it has been shown that these changes in intestinal microbiota stimulate the kynurenine pathway, moving tryptophan away from the melatonergic pathway, thereby reducing circulating melatonin levels. Due to the fact that melatonin has antiestrogenic properties, it affects active and inactive estrogen levels. These changes increase the risk of developing breast cancer. Additionally, melatonin stimulates the differentiation of preadipocytes into adipocytes, which have low estrogen levels due to the fact that adipocytes do not express aromatase. Consequently, melatonin also reduces the risk of breast cancer. However, more studies are needed to determine the relationship between microbiota, melatonin, and breast cancer, in addition to clinical trials to confirm the sensitizing effects of melatonin to chemotherapy and radiotherapy, and its ability to ameliorate or prevent the side effects of these therapies.

Influence of Enzyme Activity of Bacteria and Leucocytes in Raw Milk on Age Gelation after UHT Processing

1984 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
BARBARA P. KEOGH ◽  
G. PETTINGILL
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Inhibitory Action ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Bacterial Counts ◽  
High Temperature Processing ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Ultra High Temperature

An investigation was undertaken into the relationship between the enzyme activity of cells harvested from raw milk and time taken for age gelation (TAG) to occur in the milk after ultra-high-temperature processing. It was shown that there was no relationship between the TAG and the bacterial counts on milk agar at 30°C or 7°C nor was there a relationship between the counts and the level of enzyme activity of the harvested cells. There was, however, a significant correlation between the level of enzyme activity of the harvested cells and the TAG. When extra bovine leucocytes were added to raw milk before processing, the TAG was increased. This suggested that there was an inhibitory action of leucocytes in development of age gelation.

scholarly journals Determination of Short-Chain Fatty Acids in Raw Milk Using a Microbial Sensor and the Relationship with Milk Quality.

1994 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 683-685 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroyuki UKEDA ◽  
Yoshihiro FUJITA ◽  
Masayoshi SAWAMURA ◽  
Hirozo KUSUNOSE
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Milk Quality ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Microbial Sensor ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

scholarly journals Application of SSCP–PCR fingerprinting to profile the yeast community in raw milk Salers cheeses

2006 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 172-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cécile Callon ◽  
Céline Delbès ◽  
Frédérique Duthoit ◽  
Marie-Christine Montel
Keyword(s):  
Raw Milk ◽  
Pcr Fingerprinting ◽  
Yeast Community

scholarly journals Genetic Heterogeneity in Bacillus sporothermodurans as Demonstrated by Ribotyping and Repetitive Extragenic Palindromic-PCR Fingerprinting

2002 ◽  
Vol 68 (9) ◽  
pp. 4216-4224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olivier Guillaume-Gentil ◽  
Patsy Scheldeman ◽  
Joey Marugg ◽  
Lieve Herman ◽  
Han Joosten ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Feed ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Distinct Subgroup ◽  
Pcr Fingerprinting ◽  
Clonal Origin ◽  
Automated Ribotyping ◽  
Sterilized Milk ◽  
Repetitive Extragenic Palindromic

ABSTRACT Thirty-eight strains of Bacillus sporothermodurans isolated from ultra-high-temperature (UHT)-treated milk or sterilized milk (UHT isolates) and from animal feed or raw milk (farm isolates) were characterized by automated ribotyping and by repetitive extragenic palindromic (REP)-PCR fingerprinting. By investigating the genetic relationships among isolates from these various sources, the relative importance of different contamination sources could be evaluated. The results of the separate clustering analyses of the PvuII and EcoRI ribopatterns and the REP-PCR patterns were largely consistent with each other and revealed the existence of two main clusters; there was one homogeneous group containing all (REP-PCR) or most (ribotyping) of the UHT isolates, and there was a second more diverse group comprising the farm isolates. A combined three-dimensional analysis of all data showed that three German UHT isolates did not belong to the compact group containing the majority of the UHT isolates. These results demonstrate that B. sporothermodurans is more heterogeneous than previously assumed and that most of the UHT isolates form a genetically distinct subgroup and are capable of producing highly heat-resistant spores. The close genetic relationship of these UHT isolates suggests a clonal origin of a few predominant strains of B. sporothermodurans that can be found in UHT-treated or sterilized milk products.

scholarly journals Analysis of dominant lactic acid bacteria from artisanal raw milk cheeses produced on the mountain Stara Planina, Serbia

2011 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jelena Begovic ◽  
J.B. Brandsma ◽  
B. Jovcic ◽  
Maja Tolinacki ◽  
Katarina Veljovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Lactic Acid Bacteria ◽  
Molecular Analysis ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Starter Cultures ◽  
Bacterial Composition ◽  
Industrial Manufacture ◽  
Cheese Production ◽  
The Way

Traditional Serbian cheese production has a long history and generates products with rich flavor profiles. To enable the industrial manufacture of these home-made Serbian cheeses, the lactic acid bacteria present in them needs to be characterized. Five fresh white cheeses made from raw cow?s milk without commercial starter cultures were collected from households on the mountain Stara Planina, Serbia. According to phenotypical and molecular analysis, 262 isolated Lwere found to belong to Lactococcus, Lactobacillus, Streptococcus, Leuconostoc or Enterococcus. The unique bacterial composition of each cheese indicates that the preservation of household industry is the way to maintain production of distinct cheeses.

PRELIMINARY INCUBATION OF RAW MILK SAMPLES AS AN AID IN EVALUATING BACTERIOLOGICAL QUALITY1

1964 ◽  
Vol 27 (11) ◽  
pp. 333-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. N. Desai ◽  
T. J. Claydon
Keyword(s):  
Raw Milk ◽  
Growth Ratio ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Count Range ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Different Seasons ◽  
Standard Plate ◽  
Plate Counts ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Summer Growth

A total of 194 milk samples were obtained from 35 bulk tank grade-A milk producers in the Manhattan, Kansas, milk-shed during different seasons, and examined for standard, coliform, and psychrophile plate counts both before and after preliminary incubation (P.I.). Samples also were tested for inhibitory substances. Farms were ranked I, II, or III in general sanitation on the basis of visible conditions, with rank I most desirable. Except for one doubtful sample, all tests for inhibitory substances were negative. With standard plate counts, when no consideration was given to initial count level, there was no statistically significant relation between P.I. counts and season or sanitation rank, although summer growth ratios were always lowest. When data were grouped on the basis of initial count range, P.I. counts and growth ratios increased with increased sanitation rank in the lower count ranges. In initial count ranges > 50,000/ml the relationship between growth ratio and sanitation rank declined. With coliform counts, considerable inconsistency occurred in P.I. counts among seasons and sanitation ranks. Initial and P.I. coliforms counts showed little relationship with standard plate counts (except in summer) or with psychrophile counts. With psychrophile counts, growth ratios during P.I. were influenced by season, being highest in winter and lowest in summer. P.I. counts generally increased with increase in sanitation rank. The relation between growth ratios and sanitation rank was statistically significant (P <0.05).

Mathematical Model Describing the Relationship of Fat, Protein, and Lactose to the Total Solids—Its Application in Milk Testing

1976 ◽  
Vol 39 (12) ◽  
pp. 845-847 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. CERVINKA ◽  
B. W. ROLF ◽  
L. H. LOCKHART ◽  
T. J. GIBSON
Keyword(s):  
Raw Milk ◽  
Dairy Herds ◽  
Dairy Farmers ◽  
California Department ◽  
Total Solids ◽  
Food And Agriculture ◽  
Sample Data ◽  
Multiple Regression Technique ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

California dairy farmers producing and selling Grade A milk for pasteurization receive payment based on milkfat and solids-not-fat content of raw milk. In 1970, the concept of using electronic methods for testing of milk and its components was accepted by the California Department of Food and Agriculture. The InfraRed Milk Analyzer (IRMA) with its ability to measure fat, protein, and lactose, using a predetermined factor for the unmeasured solids, appeared to fill the need for a rapid, accurate, and economical method. After comparing IRMA results with chemical tests of known accuracy for several seasons, it appeared the ash factor could vary seasonally and geographically, as well as with individual dairy herds. It was decided to study the accuracy and calibration stability of InfraRed Milk Analyzers (IRMA), as well as the use of a constant value for the ash factor. By applying a multiple regression technique to milk sample data, it was possible to generate a model describing the relationship of fat, protein, and lactose to total solids (and solids-not-fat).

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