Development of Basic Auditory Discrimination in Preschool Children

1993 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 104-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janet K. Jensen ◽  
Donna L. Neff
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Preschool Children ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Duration Discrimination ◽  
Normal Hearing ◽  
Auditory Discrimination ◽  
Large Individual ◽  
Intensity Discrimination ◽  
Hearing Children

Intensity (loudness), frequency (pitch), and duration discrimination were examined in 41 normal-hearing children, aged 4 to 6 years, and 9 adults. A second study retested 25 of the youngest children 12 to 18 months later. Intensity discrimination showed the least improvement with age and was adultlike by age 5 for most of the children. In contrast, frequency and duration discrimination showed highly significant improvement with age, hut remained poorer than adults' discrimination for many 6-year-olds. Large individual differences were observed within alt tasks and age groups.

Kinaesthesis: Its Measurement, Training and Relationship to Motor Control

1983 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 411-421 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. I. Laszlo ◽  
P. J. Bairstow
Keyword(s):  
Motor Control ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Motor Skills ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Large Individual ◽  
Motor Behaviour ◽  
Perceptual Training ◽  
Developmental Trends ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Improved Accuracy

This paper reviews studies which demonstrate the importance of kinaesthesis in the acquisition and performance of motor skills. A method of measuring kinaesthetic sensitivity in children and adults (recently developed) is briefly described. Developmental trends in kinaesthetic perception are discussed and large individual differences found within age groups. It was shown that kinaesthetically undeveloped children can be trained to perceive and memorize kinaesthetic information with greatly improved accuracy. Furthermore perceptual training facilitates the performance of a drawing skill. On the basis of these results an argument is made for the importance of kinaesthesis in skilled motor behaviour.

scholarly journals Acoustic Change Complex (ACC) using Speech and Non-Speech Stimuli in Normal Hearing Children

QJM ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 113 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
W A Elkholy ◽  
D M Hassan ◽  
N A Shafik ◽  
Y E K Eltoukhy
Keyword(s):  
Auditory Evoked Potentials ◽  
Temporal Frequency ◽  
Normal Hearing ◽  
Auditory Discrimination ◽  
Auditory Evoked Potential ◽  
Frequency Change ◽  
Spectral Change ◽  
Speech Stimuli ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Hearing Children

Abstract Background Cortical auditory evoked potentials (CAEPs) are brain responses evoked by sound and are processed in or near the auditory cortex. ACC is a cortical auditory evoked potential (P1-N1-P2) elicited by a change within an ongoing sound stimulus. Objective To reach the best stimuli that can elicit ACC and act as an objective tool for assessment of cortical auditory discrimination in normal hearing children. Patients and Methods The present study was originally designed to standardize ACC evoked response in 41 children aged from 2 to 10 years. The mean age in our study group was 6.2 years with no significant difference between males and females. Stimuli used in this study were specifically designed to be used by AEP equipment that is capable of uploading short duration stimuli (500 msec.), thus can be used in a regular AEP lab. ACC was elicited by three groups of stimuli. Gap-in-tones stimuli represent temporal change (6, 10, 30 and 50 msec. gap introduced to 1000 Hz tone separately), frequency pairs stimuli represent frequency change (2%, 4%, 10% and 25% change from base freq. 1000 Hz) and vowel pairs stimuli represent spectral change (/i-u/, /u-i/, /i-a/. /a-i/, /u-a/, /a-u/). ACC response parameters were compared when using the different stimuli as regards percent detectability, morphology, latency and amplitude. Results Gap-in-tones at 6 msec. and 4% frequency change could elicit ACC response in 100% of subjects. For spectral change, /u-i/ was the highest in eliciting ACC (78%) followed by /i-u/ (68.2%) then /a-i/ (58.5%). ACC had the same morphology of the onset response in the majority of subjects, with longer latency and smaller amplitude. ACC amplitude is a better indicator of cortical discrimination compared to latency because it is consistently affected by magnitude of change. Conclusion ACC is a good electrophysiological tool for cortical auditory discrimination for temporal, frequency and spectral change.

Auditory Discrimination Tasks Performed by Mentally Retarded and Normal Children

1966 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 434-440 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernard B. Schlanger ◽  
Gloria I. Galanowsky
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Mentally Retarded ◽  
Normal Hearing ◽  
Auditory Discrimination ◽  
Normal Children ◽  
Total Group ◽  
Mental Age ◽  
Intelligible Speech ◽  
Mentally Retarded Children

Eighty-five institutionalized mentally retarded children and 86 normal children were compared on a battery of auditory discrimination tests. Subjects were matched for mental age over the range from 4 years, 6 months to 10 years, 6 months. All had normal hearing and were judged to have intelligible speech. Normal children scored significantly better on all tests given, both as a total group and in mental age groups.

scholarly journals Loudness Functions and Binaural Loudness Summation in Bilateral Cochlear Implant Users

2017 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 351-364
Author(s):  
Monika Kordus ◽  
Jan Żera
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Cochlear Implant ◽  
Stimulus Presentation ◽  
Normal Hearing ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Large Individual ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Large Variability ◽  
Bilateral Cochlear Implant ◽  
Loudness Summation

AbstractLoudness functions and binaural loudness summation was investigated in acoustically stimulated bilaterally implanted cochlear implant users. The study was aimed at evaluating growth of loudness functions and binaural loudness summation in cochlear implant subjects as a function of stimulus presentation level at different frequencies. Loudness was assessed using a rating procedure on a scale of 0 to 100. Three experimental conditions were tested: monaural right, monaural left and binaural, each with bands of noise with center frequencies of 0.25, 1, and 4 kHz. Fifteen implanted and five normal-hearing subjects (control group) participated in the experiments. Results demonstrated large variability in the slopes of the loudness functions and the presence of loudness summation in bilateral cochlear implant users, with large individual differences among subjects.

Joint Engagement in Deaf and Normal Hearing Children

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary E. Grimley ◽  
David H. Barker ◽  
Lynda-Grace McDonald ◽  
Alexandra L. Quittner
Keyword(s):  
Normal Hearing ◽  
Joint Engagement ◽  
Hearing Children

Development of a Pitch Discrimination Screening Test for Preschool Children

2016 ◽  
Vol 27 (04) ◽  
pp. 281-292
Author(s):  
Maria Kulick Abramson ◽  
Peter J. Lloyd
Keyword(s):  
Preschool Children ◽  
Specific Language Impairment ◽  
Normative Data ◽  
Frequency Discrimination ◽  
Auditory Discrimination ◽  
Auditory Memory ◽  
Pitch Discrimination ◽  
Choice Response ◽  
Typically Developing ◽  
Cross Sectional

Background: There is a critical need for tests of auditory discrimination for young children as this skill plays a fundamental role in the development of speaking, prereading, reading, language, and more complex auditory processes. Frequency discrimination is important with regard to basic sensory processing affecting phonological processing, dyslexia, measurements of intelligence, auditory memory, Asperger syndrome, and specific language impairment. Purpose: This study was performed to determine the clinical feasibility of the Pitch Discrimination Test (PDT) to screen the preschool child’s ability to discriminate some of the acoustic demands of speech perception, primarily pitch discrimination, without linguistic content. The PDT used brief speech frequency tones to gather normative data from preschool children aged 3 to 5 yrs. Research Design: A cross-sectional study was used to gather data regarding the pitch discrimination abilities of a sample of typically developing preschool children, between 3 and 5 yrs of age. The PDT consists of ten trials using two pure tones of 100-msec duration each, and was administered in an AA or AB forced-choice response format. Study Sample: Data from 90 typically developing preschool children between the ages of 3 and 5 yrs were used to provide normative data. Data Analysis: Nonparametric Mann–Whitney U-testing was used to examine the effects of age as a continuous variable on pitch discrimination. The Kruskal–Wallis test was used to determine the significance of age on performance on the PDT. Spearman rank was used to determine the correlation of age and performance on the PDT. Results: Pitch discrimination of brief tones improved significantly from age 3 yrs to age 4 yrs, as well as from age 3 yrs to the age 4- and 5-yrs group. Results indicated that between ages 3 and 4 yrs, children’s auditory discrimination of pitch improved on the PDT. The data showed that children can be screened for auditory discrimination of pitch beginning with age 4 yrs. Conclusions: The PDT proved to be a time efficient, feasible tool for a simple form of frequency discrimination screening in the preschool population before the age where other diagnostic tests of auditory processing disorders can be used.

Measurements of Loudness Growth in 1/2-Octave Bands for Children and Adults With Normal Hearing

1999 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melisa R. Ellis ◽  
Michael K. Wynne
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Hearing Aids ◽  
Hearing Aid ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Lower Boundary ◽  
Normal Hearing ◽  
Boundary Values ◽  
Simple Modification ◽  
Point Data ◽  
Loudness Growth

The loudness growth in 1/2-octave bands (LGOB) procedure has been shown previously to provide valid estimates of loudness growth for adults with normal hearing and those with hearing loss (Allen, Hall, & Jeng, 1990), and it has been widely incorporated into fitting strategies for adult hearing aid users by a hearing aid manufacturer. Here, we applied a simple modification of LGOB to children and adults with normal hearing and then compared the loudness growth functions (as obtained from end-point data) between the two age groups. In addition, reliability data obtained within a single session and between test sessions were compared between the two groups. Large differences were observed in the means between the two groups for the lower boundary values, the upper boundary values, and the range between boundaries both within and across all frequencies. The data obtained from children also had greater variance than the adult data. In addition, there was more variability in the data across test sessions for children. Many test-retest differences for children exceeded 10 dB. Adult test-retest differences were generally less than 10 dB. Although the LGOB with the modifications used in this study may be used to measure loudness growth in children, its poor reliability with this age group may limit its clinical use for children with hearing loss. Additional work is needed to explore whether loudness growth measures can be adapted successfully to children and whether these measures contribute worthwhile information for fitting hearing aids to children.

scholarly journals Task-dependent effects of nicotine treatment on auditory performance in young-adult and elderly human nonsmokers

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuping Sun ◽  
Michelle R. Kapolowicz ◽  
Matthew Richardson ◽  
Raju Metherate ◽  
Fan-Gang Zeng
Keyword(s):  
Frequency Modulation ◽  
Auditory Processing ◽  
Frequency Discrimination ◽  
Normal Hearing ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Intensity Discrimination ◽  
Modulation Identification ◽  
Baseline Performance ◽  
Auditory Performance ◽  
Pre Treatment

AbstractElectrophysiological studies show that nicotine enhances neural responses to characteristic frequency stimuli. Previous behavioral studies partially corroborate these findings in young adults, showing that nicotine selectively enhances auditory processing in difficult listening conditions. The present work extended previous work to include both young and older adults and assessed the nicotine effect on sound frequency and intensity discrimination. Hypotheses were that nicotine improves auditory performance and that the degree of improvement is inversely proportional to baseline performance. Young (19–23 years old) normal-hearing nonsmokers and elderly (61–80) nonsmokers with normal hearing between 500 and 2000 Hz received nicotine gum (6 mg) or placebo gum in a single-blind, randomized crossover design. Participants performed three experiments (frequency discrimination, frequency modulation identification, and intensity discrimination) before and after treatment. The perceptual differences were analyzed between pre- and post-treatment, as well as between post-treatment nicotine and placebo conditions as a function of pre-treatment baseline performance. Compared to pre-treatment performance, nicotine significantly improved frequency discrimination. Compared to placebo, nicotine significantly improved performance for intensity discrimination, and the improvement was more pronounced in the elderly with lower baseline performance. Nicotine had no effect on frequency modulation identification. Nicotine effects are task-dependent, reflecting possible interplays of subjects, tasks and neural mechanisms.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document