The effect of crop, N-level, soil type and drainage on nitrate leaching from Danish soil

1998 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. E. Simmelsgaard
Keyword(s):  
Nitrate Leaching ◽  
Soil Type ◽  
N Level

Nitrate Leaching and Nitrogen Budget as Affected by Maize Nitrogen Rate and Soil Type

2000 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 1813-1820 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean M. Sogbedji ◽  
Harold M. Es ◽  
Charissa L. Yang ◽  
Larry D. Geohring ◽  
Fred R. Magdoff
Keyword(s):  
Nitrate Leaching ◽  
Soil Type ◽  
Nitrogen Budget ◽  
Nitrogen Rate

The effect of sulphur application on the efficiency of nitrogen use in two contrasting grassland soils

2000 ◽  
Vol 135 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. BROWN ◽  
D. SCHOLEFIELD ◽  
E. C. JEWKES ◽  
N. PREEDY ◽  
K. WADGE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrate Leaching ◽  
Peak Concentration ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Nitrogen Use ◽  
N Level ◽  
Nitrate N ◽  
S Application ◽  
N Use

The effect of sulphur (S) application on the efficiency of nitrogen (N) use was investigated using cut plot experiments on two contrasting soil types. Nitrogen was applied at 200 and 450 kg N/ha per year, with and without 38 kg SO3/ha (15·2 kg S/ha) per cut. Over three conventionally timed silage cuts for 2 years, measurements were made of herbage dry matter, the yield of N and S in herbage and losses of N and S by leaching, and N by denitrification.Herbage dry matter and N yields were significantly increased by the application of S at the high N level at the sandy loam site (Halse). At the clay loam site (Great Close) the application of S had no significant effect on herbage dry matter or N yields. At Halse, the pattern of response through the year was not the same in the 2 years studied, although in both, the effect of S was significant at third cut at high N. Deficiency was suggested by the N[ratio ]S ratio of herbage on the plots without S, especially at first cut, and at later cuts at Halse. Nitrate leaching was reduced by S at Halse by 72% and 58% with high N in 1997 and 1998, respectively, and by 10% and 5% on the low N treatments in 1997 and 1998, respectively. Application of S at high N at Halse reduced the peak concentration of nitrate-N in leachate from 27·3 mg N/l to 9·3 mg N/l. At Great Close, application of S had no significant effect on the amount or peak concentration of nitrate-N leached. The improvement in efficiency reported at Halse suggests that on permeable soils receiving high levels of N, the application of S could have a large effect on nitrate leaching and its associated environmental impact.

scholarly journals Extreme Weather Events Affect Agronomic Practices and Their Environmental Impact in Maize Cultivation

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (16) ◽  
pp. 7352
Author(s):  
Monika Marković ◽  
Jasna Šoštarić ◽  
Marko Josipović ◽  
Atilgan Atilgan
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Nitrate Leaching ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Soil N ◽  
Fertilizer Rate ◽  
Agronomic Practices ◽  
N Level ◽  
N Fertilizer Rate

Sustainable and profitable crop production has become a challenge due to frequent weather extremes, where unstable crop yields are often followed by the negative impacts of agronomic practices on the environment, i.e., nitrate leaching in irrigated and nitrogen (N)-fertilized crop production. To study this issue, a three-year field study was conducted during quite different growing seasons in terms of weather conditions, i.e., extremely wet, extremely dry, and average years. Over three consecutive years, the irrigation and N fertilizers rates were tested for their effect on grain yield and composition, i.e., protein, starch, and oil content of the maize hybrids; soil N level (%); and nitrate leaching. The results showed that the impact of the tested factors and their significance was year- or weather-condition-dependent. The grain yield result stood out during the extremely wet year, where the irrigation rate reduced the grain yield by 7.6% due to the stress caused by the excessive amount of water. In the remainder of the study, the irrigation rate expectedly increased the grain yield by 13.9% (a2) and 20.8% (a3) in the extremely dry year and 22.7% (a2) and 39.5% (a3) during the average year. Regardless of the weather conditions, the N fertilizer rate increased the grain yield and protein content. The soil N level showed a typical pattern, where the maximum levels were at the beginning of the study period and were higher as the N fertilizer rate was increased. Significant variations in the soil N level were found between weather conditions (r = −0.719) and N fertilizer rate (r = 0.401). Nitrate leaching losses were expectedly found for irrigation and N fertilizer treatments with the highest rates (a3b3 = 79.8 mg NO3− L).

scholarly journals Brown Bead of Broccoli. I. Response of the Physiological Disorder to Management Practices

HortScience ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 36 (7) ◽  
pp. 1224-1227
Author(s):  
Sylvie Jenni ◽  
Pierre Dutilleul ◽  
Stephen Yamasaki ◽  
Nicolas Tremblay
Keyword(s):  
Soil Type ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Soil Series ◽  
Crop Season ◽  
Physiological Disorder ◽  
N Level ◽  
Previous Crop ◽  
Planting Method

To investigate whether brown bead can be reduced by various cultural practices, a 3-year field study was conducted on a 600-acre broccoli (Brassica oleracea L., Italica group) farm in southwestern Quebec. Factors studied included N fertilization, soil series, previous crop, season of bed forming, or planting method. Four N treatments were randomly applied to two blocks in 41 fields of `Everest' broccoli: 85-0-0, 85-54-0, 85-54-54, and 85-54-108; the first number indicating N (kg·ha-1) applied before planting; the second, N applied 5 weeks after planting; and the last, N applied 7 weeks after planting. Over the 3-year study, brown bead affected 11% of the broccoli heads and accounted for one-third of the rejects. Brown bead severity on individual heads was described on a 0-8 scale. Plots with greater N applications (i.e., 85-54-54, 85-54-108) had significantly (P < 0.001) lower proportions of plants with brown bead compared with plots with lower N applications. Brown bead incidence reacted similarly from year to year to N fertilization and soil type. However, fertilization interacted with soil type. The less N was applied, the more soil effect was important. Soil effect was maximum at a low N level (85-0-0) with 2.5 times more plants showing brown bead in the Saint Blaise series than in the Sainte Rosalie series. Bed type, previous crop, or planting type did not affect the incidence of brown bead.

Effect of soil type and rainfall on dicyandiamide concentrations in drainage from lysimeters

Soil Research ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Shepherd ◽  
Justin Wyatt ◽  
Brendon Welten
Keyword(s):  
Nitrate Leaching ◽  
Soil Type ◽  
Preferential Flow ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Nitrification Inhibitor ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Drainage Water ◽  
Silt Loam ◽  
Combining Data ◽  
Dispersive Flow

The nitrification inhibitor dicyandiamide (DCD) is mobile in drainage water, which has implications for its effectiveness in reducing nitrate leaching from urine patches. Lysimeters had been used to investigate the effect of soil type (clay, silt loam, or sandy loam) and precipitation (target ~1140 or 2280 mm/year) on the effectiveness of DCD to decrease nitrate leaching. This paper reports the associated effects on DCD in drainage water. DCD was applied in May and July at a rate of 10 kg/ha, and natural rainfall was supplemented with irrigation to ensure that the target precipitation was achieved for each treatment. The experiment was undertaken twice. The pattern of DCD concentrations in drainage water suggested that movement of DCD in the silt loam and sandy loam soils was typical of convective–dispersive flow. Although there was some preferential flow of DCD from the soil surface to depth in the clay soil, DCD concentration profiles suggested that the main transport mechanism was also by convective–dispersive flow. There were significant soil-type and precipitation effects on DCD leaching (P < 0.05). The soil-type effect could be attributed to differences in drainage volume between soils. Combining data from the two experimental years, DCD leaching losses ranged from 12 to 46% of applied, with annual drainage in the range 422–1292 mm. DCD was detected in drainage up to 15 months after application, demonstrating the longevity of the compound. The experiment demonstrates that leaching of DCD on all of the soil types tested can be substantial under high rainfall. This is likely to have implications for the effectiveness of DCD to decrease nitrogen losses from urine patches under such rainfall conditions, as well as being a source of nitrogen itself.

Effect of Manure Application Timing, Crop, and Soil Type on Nitrate Leaching

2006 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 670-679 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harold M. van Es ◽  
Jean M. Sogbedji ◽  
Robert R. Schindelbeck
Keyword(s):  
Nitrate Leaching ◽  
Soil Type ◽  
Manure Application ◽  
Application Timing

Relative effect of climate, soil, and management on risk of nitrateleaching under wheat production in Canterbury, New Zealand

Soil Research ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 699 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. R. Lilburne ◽  
T. H. Webb ◽  
G. S. Francis
Keyword(s):  
Nitrate Leaching ◽  
Soil Type ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
Relative Effect ◽  
Farm Management ◽  
Wheat Production ◽  
Fertiliser Application ◽  
Shallow Soils

The GLEAMS simulation model was used to determine the relative effects of climate (19 years of data), soil type (4 soils distinguished by effective soil depth), and farm management (6 sowing dates and 5 levels of nitrogen fertiliser) on leaching of nitrate under wheat production. All combinations of inputs were simulated and the effects of each input were estimated with sensitivity analysis software (SimLab). Soil type, climate, and sowing date explained about equal amounts of the variance in nitrate leaching, whereas fertiliser application explained only about one-third of the variance of the other inputs. The 2 most significant results were: (1) the importance of having plant uptake of nitrogen during autumn and winter to limit nitrate availability for leaching, and (2) the recognition that leaching of nitrate becomes increasingly sensitive to farm management practices with decreasing soil depth. The risk of nitrate leaching was found to be very low on deep soils when the crop was sowed in the autumn or winter. These results help with identifying areas where management changes might be effective in reducing the long-term risk of nitrate leaching. Crop growth over winter and judicious use of fertiliser are particularly recommended for cropping on shallow soils.

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