Immunosuppressive effects of red blood cells on monocytes are related to both storage time and storage solution

Abstract Background Stored Red Blood Cells (RBCs) may undergo oxidative stress over time, with functional changes affecting critical tasks such as oxygen delivery. Central to these changes are oxidation-reduction (redox) reactions and the redox potential (RP) that must be maintained for proper cell function. RP imbalance can lead to oxidative stress that may contribute to storage lesions and transfusion-related morbidities. Direct measures of RP may allow for evaluation of erythrocyte quality and enable corrections of RP prior to transfusion. Methods Multiple random RBC segments were tested, ranging in age from 5 to 40 days at 5 day intervals. RP was recorded by measuring open circuit potential of RBCs using novel nanoporous gold electrodes with Ag/AgCl reference. RP measures were also performed on peripheral venous blood samples from 10 healthy volunteers. RP measures were compared between groups of aged RBCs, and with volunteer blood. Results Stored RBCs show time-dependent increases in RP. There were significant differences in Day 5 RP compared to all other groups (p≤0.005), Day 10-15 vs ages ≥ Day 20 (p≤0.025), Day 20-25 vs Day 40 (p=0.039), and all groups compared to healthy volunteers. RP became more positive over time suggesting ongoing oxidation as RBCs age. However, storage time alone does not predict the ultimate RP value measured from a given unit.Conclusions There are significant differences in RP between freshly stored RBCs and all others, with RP becoming more positive over time. However, storage time alone does not predict RP, indicating RP screening may be important independent of storage time and may serve as a marker of RBC quality and state of oxidative stress. RP measurements may also provide a target by which to restore RP balance in aged pRBCs, improving their clinical effectiveness while reducing associated morbidities.

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Storage time of allogeneic red blood cells is associated with risk of severe postoperative infection after coronary artery bypass grafting☆

European Journal of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery ◽

10.1016/j.ejcts.2010.06.019 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 39 (3) ◽

pp. 329-334 ◽

Cited By ~ 45

Author(s):

Jan Jesper Andreasen ◽

Claus Dethlefsen ◽

Ivy S. Modrau ◽

John Baech ◽

Henrik C. Schonheyder ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Coronary Artery ◽

Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting ◽

Red Blood Cells ◽

Coronary Artery Bypass ◽

Blood Cells ◽

Postoperative Infection ◽

Storage Time ◽

Artery Bypass ◽

Bypass Grafting ◽

Artery Bypass Grafting

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Effects of shorter versus longer storage time of transfused red blood cells in adult ICU patients: a systematic review with meta-analysis and Trial Sequential Analysis

Intensive Care Medicine ◽

10.1007/s00134-018-5069-0 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 44 (2) ◽

pp. 204-217 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Sofie L. Rygård ◽

Andreas B. Jonsson ◽

Martin B. Madsen ◽

Anders Perner ◽

Lars B. Holst ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Red Blood Cells ◽

Blood Cells ◽

Storage Time ◽

Sequential Analysis ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Trial Sequential Analysis ◽

Icu Patients

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Normal Functions of the Spleen Relative to Red Blood Cells: A Review

Blood ◽

10.1182/blood.v14.4.399.399 ◽

1959 ◽

Vol 14 (4) ◽

pp. 399-408 ◽

Cited By ~ 106

Author(s):

WILLIAM H. CROSBY

Keyword(s):

Cell Surface ◽

Red Blood Cells ◽

Blood Cells ◽

Normal Function ◽

Red Cells ◽

Red Cell ◽

Cell Production ◽

Normal Functions ◽

Normal Spleen ◽

And Storage

Abstract During all the stages of a red cell’s life the normal spleen exerts a normal function. Eight of these functions have been considered: (1) erythropoiesis; (2) an effect upon red cell production; (3) an effect upon maturation of the red cell surface; (4) the reservoir function; (5) the "culling function"; (6) iron turnover and storage; (7) the "pitting function"; (8) destruction of old red cells.

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Freezing and storage of leukodepleted erythrocyte suspensions

Veterinární Medicína ◽

10.17221/209/2015-vetmed ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 61 (No. 8) ◽

pp. 443-448 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

DA Bala ◽

E. Eraslan ◽

I. Akyazi ◽

EE Ekiz ◽

M. Ozcan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Red Blood Cells ◽

Blood Cells ◽

Bacterial Contamination ◽

Frozen Storage ◽

Consecutive Series ◽

Leukocyte Depletion ◽

Negative Effect ◽

And Storage

Studies on the frozen storage of human blood products have benefited veterinary transfusion medicine in recent years, but the long-term cryopreservation of canine red blood cells (RBCs) has not yet been thoroughly investigated. Further, no studies are available with respect to the frozen storage of leukocyte-depleted canine red blood cells (LD-RBCs). The objective of the current study was to investigate time-dependent effects of long-term frozen storage on leukocyte-depleted canine RBCs. Twelve healthy adult dogs meeting the criteria for blood transfusion were used in the study. Whole blood samples (450 ± 45 ml) collected from each dog were centrifuged for 5 min at 22 °C and 4200 × g in a cryogenic microcentrifuge and concentrated RBC (pRBC) suspensions were obtained. Leukocyte depletion was achieved by filtration (2.6 log10). Then, the filtrated samples were prewashed three times in 0.9% NaCl solution and were allocated into three subgroups to be evaluated at three different time points (Day 0, Month 4 and Month 6). The samples for cryopreservation were subjected to glycerolisation and then stored at –80 °C for 4- and 6-month periods. At the end of this period pRBC units were thawed by manual agitation in a water bath maintained at 36–38 °C, centrifuged and then washed in a consecutive series of 12%, 1.6% and 0.9% of NaCl + 0.2 dextrose solutions. 2,3-Diphosphoglycerate (2,3-DPG), adenosine triphosphate (ATP), supernatant haemoglobin (SupHb), sodium (Na+) and potassium (K+) levels, residual glycerol concentrations and haemograms of thawed and deglycerolised pRBC samples were evaluated together with those of Day 0. Sterility tests were performed on all samples for bacterial contamination. No statistically significant differences were noted except for Hct and SupHb levels. No bacterial contamination was noted in any of the samples on the basis of sterility tests. It was found that the described glycerolisation procedure could be a method of choice in the cryopreservation of leukocyte-depleted pRBCs (LD-pRBCs) since no negative effect was observed on the quality of the products and long-term frozen storage did not cause RBC destruction.

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Erythroplateletapheresis: A New Strategy in the Global Apheresis Program

The International Journal of Artificial Organs ◽

10.1177/039139889802106s03 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 21 (6_suppl) ◽

pp. 17-19

Author(s):

G. Menichella ◽

M. Ciarli ◽

R. Serafini ◽

L. Pierelli ◽

M. Vittori ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Cell ◽

Red Blood Cells ◽

Plasma Volume ◽

Blood Cells ◽

Storage Time ◽

Blood Donation ◽

Mean Values ◽

Packed Red Blood Cells ◽

New Strategy ◽

The Mean

Blood donation allowed by cell separators can offer higher performance and higher yield to guarantee better quality and pureness of collected products. New systems for the collection of platelet concentrate (PC) and packed red blood cells (PRBC) are currently available. The aim of our work was to test the possibility of preparing PC routinely from normal apheresis donors in a minimum amount of time while providing a second product. Over a 3-month period we performed 40 procedures using the Hemonetics MCS3P blood cell separator and the Dideco Excel. The mean values of platelet yield were 2.8 x 1011 (range 1.4-4.1) with the MCS3P and 3.49 x 1011 (range 2.9-3.9) with the Excel, in a plasma volume of 240 ml and 215 ml respectively; the PRBC units were added with SAG-Mannitol allowing a storage time of 42 days. Collection times were 71’ and 48’ respectively. Donor tolerance was analogous to phateletapheresis or plasmapheresis.

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