scholarly journals Phylogenetic relationships and biogeographic history of the unique Saxifraga sect. Irregulares (Saxifragaceae) from eastern Asia

2019 ◽  
Vol 58 (6) ◽  
pp. 958-971 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meng‐Hua Zhang ◽  
Chao‐Yong Wang ◽  
Cheng Zhang ◽  
Dai‐Gui Zhang ◽  
Ke‐Gang Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Eastern Asia ◽  
Biogeographic History ◽  
History Of

Phylogenetic relationships and biogeographic range evolution in cat-eyed snakes, Boiga (Serpentes: Colubridae)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey L Weinell ◽  
Anthony J Barley ◽  
Cameron D Siler ◽  
Nikolai L Orlov ◽  
Natalia B Ananjeva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
Oceanic Islands ◽  
Species Level ◽  
Boiga Irregularis ◽  
Brown Tree Snake ◽  
Biogeographic History ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
History Of ◽  
Dispersal Events

Abstract The genus Boiga includes 35, primarily arboreal snake species distributed from the Middle East to Australia and many islands in the western Pacific, with particularly high species diversity in South-East Asia. Despite including the iconic mangrove snakes (Boiga dendrophila complex) and the brown tree snake (Boiga irregularis; infamous for avian extinctions on small islands of the Pacific), species-level phylogenetic relationships and the biogeographic history of this ecologically and morphologically distinct clade are poorly understood. In this study, we sequenced mitochondrial and nuclear DNA for 24 Boiga species and used these data to estimate a robust phylogenetic inference, in order to (1) test the hypothesis that Boiga is monophyletic, (2) evaluate the validity of current species-level taxonomy and (3) examine whether geographic range evolution in Boiga is consistent with expectations concerning dispersal and colonization of vertebrates between continents and islands. Our results support the prevailing view that most dispersal events are downstream – from continents to oceanic islands – but we also identify a role for upstream dispersal from oceanic islands to continents. Additionally, the novel phylogeny of Boiga presented here is informative for updating species-level taxonomy within the genus.

scholarly journals Phylogenetic relationships and biogeographical history of the large extinct European testudinids

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evangelos Vlachos ◽  
Adán Pérez-García ◽  
Márton Rabi
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
General Scheme ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Limited Attention ◽  
Biogeographic History ◽  
Early Diversification ◽  
Open Questions ◽  
History Of ◽  
In The Beginning

Background. Large-sized testudinids had a long evolutionary history in Europe during the last 50 million years before becoming extinct in the beginning of the Pleistocene. Despite a 150-year long history in research and a decent fossil record, the European large testudinids have received limited attention so far. Methods. New excavations, descriptions of new specimens from Greece, Spain and Germany, revisions of previously published European taxa and comparative studies with extant testudinids now provide a major advancement in understanding the anatomy and evolutionary history of these turtles. This contribution aims to provide an updated summary of the accumulated knowledge on European large tortoises and to explore in detail their phylogenetic relationships in a global context (including small-sized extinct and extant taxa). The phylogenetic analysis is based on a new character/taxon matrix of morphological characters. Parsimony analysis was performed both with and without molecular backbone constraints. Results. We describe new material of large testudinids from Greece, Spain and Germany and revise most of the available material that has been previously published. Our morphology-based results are promising since they are consistent with recent molecular studies in identifying large testudinids traditionally referred to the Geochelone complex as polyphyletic. Furthermore, we were able to reproduce the molecular phylogeny of Mediterranean tortoises (Testudona). Discussion. The phylogenetic framework presented here allows addressing several open questions of the history of testudinids. First of all, it hints to a more complex biogeographic history of European testudinids than previously recognized. Although the early Paleogene history of testudinids cannot be accurately traced at the moment it seems probable that, besides Asia and North America, Europe also played a major role in the early diversification of Testudinidae. We demonstrate that large European testudinids do not form a monophyletic lineage. The widely recognized genus Cheirogaster should only include the Eocene type species, and exclude other large Paleogene or giant Neogene taxa so far known. Our analysis reveals that large size evolved independently in several clades and in several continents during warmer parts of the Cenozoic. Besides this general scheme other factors might have played a role regionally (e.g. changes in vegetation, island isolation).

Phylogenetic relationships and biogeographic history of Paradolichopithecus sushkini Trofimov 1977, a large-bodied cercopithecine monkey from the Pliocene of Eurasia

2008 ◽  
Vol 179 (1) ◽  
pp. 108-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masanaru Takai ◽  
Evgeny N. Maschenko ◽  
Takeshi D. Nishimura ◽  
Tomoko Anezaki ◽  
Tomoki Suzuki
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Biogeographic History ◽  
History Of

scholarly journals Phylogenomic history of enigmatic pygmy perches: implications for biogeography, taxonomy and conservation

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 172125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sean J. Buckley ◽  
Fabricius M. C. B. Domingos ◽  
Catherine R. M. Attard ◽  
Chris J. Brauer ◽  
Jonathan Sandoval-Castillo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cryptic Species ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Biogeographic History ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Mitochondrial Data ◽  
Australian Continent ◽  
History Of ◽  
Arid Habitat ◽  
East West

Pygmy perches (Percichthyidae) are a group of poorly dispersing freshwater fishes that have a puzzling biogeographic disjunction across southern Australia. Current understanding of pygmy perch phylogenetic relationships suggests past east–west migrations across a vast expanse of now arid habitat in central southern Australia, a region lacking contemporary rivers. Pygmy perches also represent a threatened group with confusing taxonomy and potentially cryptic species diversity. Here, we present the first study of the evolutionary history of pygmy perches based on genome-wide information. Data from 13 991 ddRAD loci and a concatenated sequence of 1 075 734 bp were generated for all currently described and potentially cryptic species. Phylogenetic relationships, biogeographic history and cryptic diversification were inferred using a framework that combines phylogenomics, species delimitation and estimation of divergence times. The genome-wide phylogeny clarified the biogeographic history of pygmy perches, demonstrating multiple east–west events of divergence within the group across the Australian continent. These results also resolved discordance between nuclear and mitochondrial data from a previous study. In addition, we propose three cryptic species within a southwestern species complex. The finding of potentially new species demonstrates that pygmy perches may be even more susceptible to ecological and demographic threats than previously thought. Our results have substantial implications for improving conservation legislation of pygmy perch lineages, especially in southwestern Western Australia.

Molecular phylogeny of pimoid spiders and the limits of Linyphiidae, with a reassessment of male palpal homologies (Araneae, Pimoidae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5026 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-107
Author(s):  
GUSTAVO HORMIGA ◽  
SIDDHARTH KULKARNI ◽  
THIAGO DA SILVA MOREIRA ◽  
DIMITAR DIMITROV
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Phylogeny ◽  
Phylogenetic Tree ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Target Gene ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Biogeographic History ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic Tree ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
History Of

We address the phylogenetic relationships of pimoid spiders (Pimoidae) using a standard target-gene approach with an extensive taxonomic sample, which includes representatives of the four currently recognized pimoid genera, 26 linyphiid genera, a sample of Physoglenidae, Cyatholipidae and one Tetragnathidae species. We test the monophyly of Pimoidae and Linyphiidae and explore the biogeographic history of the group. Nanoa Hormiga, Buckle and Scharff, 2005 and Pimoa Chamberlin & Ivie, 1943 form a clade which is the sister group of a lineage that includes all Linyphiidae, Weintrauboa Hormiga, 2003 and Putaoa Hormiga and Tu, 2008. Weintrauboa, Putaoa, Pecado and Stemonyphantes form a clade (Stemonyphantinae) sister to all remaining linyphiids. We use the resulting optimal molecular phylogenetic tree to assess hypotheses on the male palp sclerite homologies of pimoids and linyphiids. Pimoidae is redelimited to only include Pimoa and Nanoa. We formalize the transfer from Pimoidae of the genera Weintrauboa and Putaoa to Linyphiidae, re-circumscribe the linyphiid subfamily Stemonyphantinae, and offer revised morphological diagnoses for Pimoidae and Linyphiidae.  

Phylogenetic relationships and biogeographic history of the Australian trapdoor spider genus Conothele (Araneae: Mygalomorphae: Halonoproctidae): diversification into arid habitats in an otherwise tropical radiation

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joel A. Huey ◽  
Mia J. Hillyer ◽  
Mark S. Harvey
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Arid Zone ◽  
Continental Drift ◽  
Ancestral Area ◽  
Operational Taxonomic Units ◽  
Biogeographic History ◽  
Single Clade ◽  
History Of ◽  
Lineage Diversity

In Australia, climate change and continental drift have given rise to a complex biota comprising mesic specialists, arid-adapted lineages, and taxa that have arrived on the continent from Asia. We explore the phylogenetic diversity and biogeographic history of the Australian trapdoor spider genus Conothele Thorell, 1878 that is widespread in Australia’s monsoonal tropics and arid zone. We sequenced three mtDNA and five nuDNA markers from 224 specimens. We reconstructed the phylogenetic relationships among specimens and estimated the number of operational taxonomic units (OTUs) using species delimitation methods. The timing of divergences was estimated and ancestral area reconstructions were conducted. We recovered 61 OTUs, grouped into four major clades; a single clade represented by an arboreal ecomorph, and three fossorial clades. The Australian Conothele had a crown age of ~19 million years, and ancestral area reconstructions showed a complex history with multiple transitions among the monsoonal tropics, central arid zone, south-west and Pilbara bioregion. Conothele arrived on the continent during periods of biotic exchange with Asia. Since then, Conothele has colonised much of the Australian arid and monsoonal zones, during a period of climatic instability. The Pilbara bioregion harbours high lineage diversity, emphasising the role of climate refugia.

Phylogenetic relationships of the mycoheterotrophic genusVoyriaand the implications for the biogeographic history of Gentianaceae

2013 ◽  
Vol 100 (4) ◽  
pp. 712-721 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincent S.F.T. Merckx ◽  
Jonathan Kissling ◽  
Heiko Hentrich ◽  
Steven B. Janssens ◽  
Constantijn B. Mennes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Biogeographic History ◽  
History Of
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