Poor sleep accelerates hippocampal and posterior cingulate volume loss in cognitively normal healthy older adults

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Che Liu ◽  
Sang H. Lee ◽  
David A. Loewenstein ◽  
James E. Galvin ◽  
Christian J. Camargo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Poor Sleep ◽  
Volume Loss ◽  
Cognitively Normal ◽  
Healthy Older Adults ◽  
Posterior Cingulate

scholarly journals Financial Capacity and Regional Cerebral Tau in Cognitively Normal Older Adults, Mild Cognitive Impairment, and Alzheimer’s Disease Dementia

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Christopher Gonzalez ◽  
Nicole S. Tommasi ◽  
Danielle Briggs ◽  
Michael J. Properzi ◽  
Rebecca E. Amariglio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Cognitively Normal ◽  
Financial Capacity ◽  
Posterior Cingulate ◽  
Dorsolateral Prefrontal

Background: Financial capacity is often one of the first instrumental activities of daily living to be affected in cognitively normal (CN) older adults who later progress to amnestic mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) dementia. Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate the association between financial capacity and regional cerebral tau. Methods: Cross-sectional financial capacity was assessed using the Financial Capacity Instrument –Short Form (FCI-SF) in 410 CN, 199 MCI, and 61 AD dementia participants who underwent flortaucipir tau positron emission tomography from the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI). Linear regression models with backward elimination were used with FCI-SF total score as the dependent variable and regional tau and tau-amyloid interaction as predictors of interest in separate analyses. Education, age sex, Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test Total Learning, and Trail Making Test B were used as covariates. Results: Significant associations were found between FCI-SF and tau regions (entorhinal: p <  0.001; inferior temporal: p <  0.001; dorsolateral prefrontal: p = 0.01; posterior cingulate: p = 0.03; precuneus: p <  0.001; and supramarginal gyrus: p = 0.005) across all participants. For the tau-amyloid interaction, significant associations were found in four regions (amyloid and dorsolateral prefrontal tau interaction: p = 0.005; amyloid and posterior cingulate tau interaction: p = 0.005; amyloid and precuneus tau interaction: p <  0.001; and amyloid and supramarginal tau interaction: p = 0.002). Conclusion: Greater regional tau burden was modestly associated with financial capacity impairment in early-stage AD. Extending this work with longitudinal analyses will further illustrate the utility of such assessments in detecting clinically meaningful decline, which may aid clinical trials of early-stage AD.

Prevalence estimates of mild behavioral impairment in a population-based sample of pre-dementia states and cognitively healthy older adults

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 221-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moyra E. Mortby ◽  
Zahinoor Ismail ◽  
Kaarin J. Anstey
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Diagnostic Criteria ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Behavioral Impairment ◽  
Cognitively Normal ◽  
Healthy Older Adults ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Prevalence Estimates ◽  
Age Range

ABSTRACTBackground:A dearth of population-based epidemiological research examines neuropsychiatric symptom (NPS) in sub-clinical populations across the spectrum from normal aging to mild cognitive impairment (MCI). The construct of mild behavioral impairment (MBI) describes the emergence of sustained and impactful NPS in advance of or in combination with MCI. This is the first epidemiological study to operationalize the recently published diagnostic criteria for MBI and determine prevalence estimates across the spectrum from cognitively normal to MCI.Methods:MBI was assessed in 1,377 older (age range 72–79 years; 52% male; MCI ;= 133; cognitively normal, but-at-risk = 397; cognitively healthy = 847). MBI was assessed in accordance with the ISTAART-AA diagnostic criteria for MBI using the neuropsychiatric inventory.Results:34.1% of participants met the criteria for MBI. High prevalence of MBI across the cognitive spectrum was reported (48.9% vs. 43.1% vs. 27.6%). Irrespective of level of cognitive impairment, impulse dyscontrol (33.8% vs. 28.7% vs. 17.2%) and decreased motivation (32.3% vs. 26.2% vs. 16.3%) were the most frequently met MBI domains. MBI was more prevalent in men (χ2 = 4.98, p = 0.026), especially the domains of decreased motivation and impulse dyscontrol.Conclusions:This study presents the first population-based prevalence estimates for MBI using the recently published ISTAART-AA diagnostic criteria. Findings indicate relatively high prevalence of MBI in pre-dementia clinical states and amongst cognitively healthy older adults. Findings were gender-specific, with MBI affecting more men than women. Knowing the estimates of these symptoms in the population is essential for understanding and differentiating the very early development of clinical disorders.

scholarly journals The Correlation Between Caffeine Intake and Brain Health in Cognitively Normal Healthy Older Adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 295-295
Author(s):  
Sibelle Alwatchi Alhayek ◽  
Matthew Taylor ◽  
In Young Choi ◽  
Phil Lee ◽  
Kendra Spaeth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Caffeine Intake ◽  
Brain Metabolites ◽  
Imaging Method ◽  
Brain Health ◽  
Cognitively Normal ◽  
Healthy Older Adults ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Objectives Caffeine is associated with brain health, and it is suggested to lower the risk of neurological diseases. This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the association between caffeine intake and concentration of brain metabolites in healthy older adults. Methods Caffeine intake was determined in 60 cognitively normal, healthy older adults aged between 60–85 years (61.9% women) using a 7-day food record (7D) that was collected seven days prior to their Magnetic Resonance scan. The 7D was entered in the Nutrition Data System for Research (NDS-R version 2012) for nutrient analysis. Brain metabolites [N-acetylaspartate, creatine, total choline, glutamate + glutamine, and myo-inositol (mI)] were measured using a 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging method at 3T. All metabolites were quantified using LCModel analysis software and concentrations are shown as a ratio to creatine. Measurements were presented as mean ± standard deviation and n(%). We assessed the relationship between caffeine intake and brain metabolite concentrations by multiple linear regression, adjusting for age and sex. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS (v25, IBM) with significance of P ≤ 0.05. Results Participants had a mean age of 69.3 ± 7.3 years. Mean caffeine intake among the participants was 152.17 ± 133.79mg/d (range: 0–635.98mg/d). There was a significant correlation between caffeine and mI (β = 0.443; P = 0.001). The remaining metabolites were not correlated with caffeine intake. Conclusions Higher caffeine intake in older adults was associated with higher brain mI concentrations. The metabolic link between brain mI concentrations and neurological diseases is still unclear, thus, future studies are necessary regarding the mechanism for the impact of caffeine on brain metabolism. Funding Sources This study is supported by funding from National Dairy Council (IYC). The Hoglund Brain Imaging Center is supported by grants from the NIH (C76 HF00201, P30 HD002528, S10 RR29577, UL1 TR000001, and P30AG035982) and the Hoglund Family Foundation.

scholarly journals Effect of escitalopram dose and treatment duration on CSF Aβ levels in healthy older adults

Neurology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 95 (19) ◽  
pp. e2658-e2665 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yvette I. Sheline ◽  
B. Joy Snider ◽  
Joanne C. Beer ◽  
Darsol Seok ◽  
Anne M. Fagan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Treatment Duration ◽  
Cognitively Normal ◽  
Healthy Older Adults ◽  
Healthy Humans ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Serotonin Signaling ◽  
Csf Levels ◽  
Ad Prevention ◽  
A Prospective Study

ObjectiveTo determine whether treatment with escitalopram compared with placebo would lower CSF β-amyloid 42 (Aβ42) levels.RationaleSerotonin signaling suppresses Aβ42 in animal models of Alzheimer disease (AD) and young healthy humans. In a prospective study in older adults, we examined dose and treatment duration effects of escitalopram.MethodsUsing lumbar punctures to sample CSF levels before and after a course of escitalopram treatment, cognitively normal older adults (n = 114) were assigned to placebo, 20 mg escitalopram × 2 weeks, 20 mg escitalopram × 8 weeks, or 30 mg escitalopram × 8 weeks; CSF sampled pretreatment and posttreatment and within-subject percent change in Aβ42 was used as the primary outcome in subsequent analyses.ResultsAn overall 9.4% greater reduction in CSF Aβ42 was found in escitalopram-treated compared with placebo-treated groups (p < 0.001, 95% confidence interval [CI] 4.9%–14.2%, d = 0.81). Positive baseline Aβ status (CSF Aβ42 levels <250 pg/mL) was associated with smaller Aβ42 reduction (p = 0.006, 95% CI −16.7% to 0.5%, d = −0.52) compared with negative baseline amyloid status (CSF Aβ42 levels >250 pg/mL).ConclusionsShort-term longitudinal doses of escitalopram decreased CSF Aβ42 in cognitively normal older adults, the target group for AD prevention.Clinicaltrials.gov identifierNCT02161458.Classification of evidenceThis study provides Class II evidence that for cognitively normal older adults, escitalopram decreases CSF Aβ42.

Undetected Neurodegenerative Disease Biases Estimates of Cognitive Change in Older Adults

2021 ◽  
pp. 095679762098551
Author(s):  
Karra D. Harrington ◽  
Andrew J. Aschenbrenner ◽  
Paul Maruff ◽  
Colin L. Masters ◽  
Anne M. Fagan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Neurodegenerative Disease ◽  
Cognitive Change ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
Cognitive Domain ◽  
Cognitively Normal ◽  
Healthy Older Adults ◽  
Memory Processing ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarkers ◽  
Β Amyloid

Neurodegenerative disease is highly prevalent among older adults and, if undetected, may obscure estimates of cognitive change among aging samples. Our aim in this study was to determine the nature and magnitude of cognitive change in the absence of common neuropathologic markers of neurodegenerative disease. Cognitively normal older adults (ages 65–89 years, N = 199) were classified as normal or abnormal using neuroimaging and cerebrospinal-fluid biomarkers of β-amyloid, tau, and neurodegeneration. When cognitive change was modeled without accounting for biomarker status, significant decline was evident for semantic memory, processing speed, and working memory. However, after adjusting for biomarker status, we found that the rate of change was attenuated and that the biomarker-normal group demonstrated no decline for any cognitive domain. These results indicate that estimates of cognitive change in otherwise healthy older adults will be biased toward decline when the presence of early neurodegenerative disease is not accounted for.

scholarly journals The Correlation Among Three Different Dietary Intake Methods in Cognitively Normal Healthy Older Adults

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 1156-1156
Author(s):  
Sibelle Alhayek ◽  
Matthew Taylor ◽  
Kendra Spaeth ◽  
In-Young Choi ◽  
Phil Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Food Record ◽  
Nutrient Analysis ◽  
Cognitively Normal ◽  
Healthy Older Adults ◽  
Dietary History ◽  
Imaging Center ◽  
Dietary Intake Assessment

Abstract Objectives This study's purpose was to investigate the correlation among three dietary intake methods: 24-hour recall, 7-day food record, and the National Cancer Institute's Dietary History Questionnaire (DHQ)-II in older adults. Methods Dietary intake was collected from 60 cognitively normal, healthy older adults aged between 60–85 years using three 24-hour recalls (3–24HR), a 7-day food record (7D), and a food frequency questionnaire (DHQII). The 24-HR and 7D were entered in the Nutrient Data System for Research (NDS-R version 2012) and DHQII was exported to Diet*Calc software for nutrient analysis. We determined the correlation among the 3 dietary intake methods by Pearson correlation. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS (v25, IBM) with significance of P ≤ 0.05. Results Correlation of energy, macronutrients and 22 micronutrients from the three methods were assessed. For energy and macronutrients, there was a significant correlation among the three dietary intake methods, except for fat between DHQII and 3–24HR (r2 = 0.24; P = 0.06). For energy, correlations were: DHQII and 3–24HR (r2 = 0.30; P &lt; 0.05), DHQII and 7D (r2 = 0.43; P &lt; 0.01), 3–24HR and 7D (r2 = 0.58; P &lt; 0.01). We observed similar correlations with proteins and carbohydrates. All micronutrients were correlated between 3–24HR and 7D (r2 range:0.30–0.85), 21 micronutrients were correlated between DHQII and 7D (r2 range:0.11–0.85), and 17 micronutrients were correlated between DHQII and 3–24HR (r2 range:0.01–0.75). Conclusions All three methods are adequate for dietary intake assessment in cognitively normal older adults. The 24-hour recalls were strongly correlated with the gold standard (7D). 24-hour recalls may provide sufficient dietary intake information with less participant burden. Funding Sources This study is supported by funding from the Dairy Research Institute (I-YC). The Hoglund Brain Imaging Center is supported by grants from the NIH (C76 HF00201, P30 HD002528, S10 RR29577, UL1 TR000001, and P30AG035982) and the Hoglund Family Foundation.

Partner-Specific Communication Deficits in Individuals With Alzheimer's Disease

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Eun Jin Paek ◽  
Si On Yoon
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Referential Communication ◽  
Sorting Task ◽  
Audience Design ◽  
Healthy Older Adults ◽  
Communication Task ◽  
Design Skills ◽  
Referential Expressions

Purpose Speakers adjust referential expressions to the listeners' knowledge while communicating, a phenomenon called “audience design.” While individuals with Alzheimer's disease (AD) show difficulties in discourse production, it is unclear whether they exhibit preserved partner-specific audience design. The current study examined if individuals with AD demonstrate partner-specific audience design skills. Method Ten adults with mild-to-moderate AD and 12 healthy older adults performed a referential communication task with two experimenters (E1 and E2). At first, E1 and participants completed an image-sorting task, allowing them to establish shared labels. Then, during testing, both experimenters were present in the room, and participants described images to either E1 or E2 (randomly alternating). Analyses focused on the number of words participants used to describe each image and whether they reused shared labels. Results During testing, participants in both groups produced shorter descriptions when describing familiar images versus new images, demonstrating their ability to learn novel knowledge. When they described familiar images, healthy older adults modified their expressions depending on the current partner's knowledge, producing shorter expressions and more established labels for the knowledgeable partner (E1) versus the naïve partner (E2), but individuals with AD were less likely to do so. Conclusions The current study revealed that both individuals with AD and the control participants were able to acquire novel knowledge, but individuals with AD tended not to flexibly adjust expressions depending on the partner's knowledge state. Conversational inefficiency and difficulties observed in AD may, in part, stem from disrupted audience design skills.

Talk or Walk? Gait Speed over Self-Report in Association with Cognitive Speed in Healthy Older Adults

GeroPsych ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-52
Author(s):  
Matthew C. Costello ◽  
Shane J. Sizemore ◽  
Kimberly E. O’Brien ◽  
Lydia K. Manning
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Older Adult ◽  
Gait Speed ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Subjective Report ◽  
Healthy Older Adults ◽  
Relative Value ◽  
Cognitive Speed ◽  
Age Range

Abstract. This study explores the relative value of both subjectively reported cognitive speed and gait speed in association with objectively derived cognitive speed. It also explores how these factors are affected by psychological and physical well-being. A group of 90 cognitively healthy older adults ( M = 73.38, SD = 8.06 years, range = 60–89 years) were tested in a three-task cognitive battery to determine objective cognitive speed as well as measures of gait speed, well-being, and subjective cognitive speed. Analyses indicated that gait speed was associated with objective cognitive speed to a greater degree than was subjective report, the latter being more closely related to well-being than to objective cognitive speed. These results were largely invariant across the 30-year age range of our older adult sample.

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