The role of sarcopenia in patients with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: Prognostic marker or hyped parameter?

Abstract Background Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) defined as glucose intolerance with onset or first diagnosis during pregnancy. While GDM usually resolves following delivery, it can have long-lasting health consequences, including increased risk for type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) in the mother, and future obesity, CVD, T2DM, and/or GDM in the child. This contributes to a vicious intergenerational cycle of obesity and diabetes that impacts the health of the population as a whole. Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is a hormone that is expressed predominantly in the liver, but also in other metabolically active tissues such as pancreas, skeletal muscle and adipose tissue. An elevated FGF21 level is also an independent predictor of T2DM. GDM and T2DM are proposed to have similar underlying pathophysiologies, raising the question of whether a similar relationship exists between FGF21 and GDM as it does with T2DM. Objectives assess the role of Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF-21) as a prognostic marker for maternal and fetal complications in patients with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Patients and Methods A case control study that was conducted on 50 patients diagnosed with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and 50 control subjects at Diabetes and Obstetrics outpatient clinic and inpatient ward at Ain Shams university hospitals in the period between December 2018 and July 2019. Patients diagnosed with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) at 24-28 weeks of gestation were included in this study. Results FGF 21 levels varied significantly with blood sugar values where higher levels of FGF 21 levels were found in patients with GDM with study results showing that FGF 21 can be used as a diagnostic marker for GDM at levels above 121 pg/ml with sensitivity 84% and specificity 92%. Conclusion FGF 21 can be used as a diagnostic marker for gestational diabetes. Further studies needed for better correlation between FGF 21 levels during pregnancy and maternal outcome.

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Serum Albumin Level as a Prognostic Marker for Covid-19 Positive Patients in Western Uttar Pradesh - A Cross Sectional Study

Journal of Evidence Based Medicine and Healthcare ◽

10.18410/jebmh/2021/39 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (04) ◽

pp. 204-207

Author(s):

Shreyansh Talera ◽

Saurabh Singhal ◽

Nishant Wadhera ◽

Mayank Arora ◽

Ravi Pratap

Keyword(s):

Serum Albumin ◽

Prognostic Marker ◽

Serum Albumin Level ◽

Uttar Pradesh ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Albumin Level ◽

The Body ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Significant Difference

BACKGROUND WHO has declared Coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) as a pandemic. Covid-19 leads to sickness and death. Human serum albumin (HSA) is the most common circulating protein in the body having oncotic as well as non-oncotic properties. The role of albumin in death among Covid-19 subjects, especially in this part of the country has not been frequently reported. The aim of the study was to analyse the role of serum albumin level as prognostic marker for Covid-19 positive patients. METHODS The present study was conducted in the department of Medicine at Chhatrapati Shivaji Subharti Hospital, Subharti Medical College, Meerut, UP. The study comprised of 100 subjects who were Covid positive from May 2020 to July 2020. A detailed explanation was given to all the participating respondents regarding the study and their contribution to it. Covid-19 was diagnosed on the basis of the WHO interim guidelines. A questionnaire was prepared to collect the patients’ demographic profile. Patients date of admission and discharge was recorded along with the outcome i.e., whether patient expired or survived. Patients’ diagnosis was identified along with the comorbidity (if present). Laboratory investigations comprised of CBC and serum albumin detection. Data so collected was tabulated in an excel sheet, under the guidance of statistician. Collected data was analysed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 24 and the tests used were t test and Fisher’s exact test and the level of significance was set at p < 0.05. RESULTS The study comprised of 100 subjects, out of which 45 were males and 55 were females. The overall mean age of the study subjects was 37.52 years. In our study, mortality was 35.29 %, 9.33 % and 85.7 % of the subjects having Covid-19+ type 2 diabetes (T2DM), only Covid-19 and Covid-19+ hypertension respectively with statistically significant difference as p < 0.05. Albumin level was significantly lower in expired patients (2.99) as compared to survivors (3.85) as p < 0.05. Hospital stay was also higher in expired patients. CONCLUSIONS Covid-19 patients had low serum albumin levels and that might play a role in the survival of patient. KEYWORDS Covid-19, Mortality, Albumin

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Role of PDL1 as a prognostic marker in renal cell carcinoma: a prospective observational study in eastern India

Therapeutic Advances in Urology ◽

10.1177/1756287219868859 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 ◽

pp. 175628721986885

Author(s):

Barun Kumar ◽

Amlan Ghosh ◽

Chhanda Datta ◽

Dilip Kumar Pal

Keyword(s):

Renal Cell Carcinoma ◽

Cell Carcinoma ◽

Prognostic Marker ◽

Renal Cell ◽

Poor Prognosis ◽

Disease Recurrence ◽

Programmed Death ◽

Specific Mortality ◽

Cancer Specific Mortality

Background: Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is one of the most common genitourinary malignancies. Programmed death ligand-1 (PDL1) is an immune checkpoint inhibitor, instrumental in ‘T cell escape’ of malignant cells. PDL1 has been shown to be associated with poor prognosis in multiple small studies. In this study, we want to study the role of PDL1 as a prognostic marker in RCC in an Indian population. Methods: A total of 30 patients who underwent radical or partial nephrectomy, with histopathological findings of RCC, were included in the study. PDL1 expression was studied in tumour tissue with immunohistochemistry. Patients were followed up for a period of 2 years for disease recurrence and cancer-specific mortality. Results: Expression of PDL1 was seen to be associated with higher grade and stage at presentation. PDL1 expression was also associated with statistically significant increased incidence of disease recurrence. Although cancer-specific mortality was higher in patients with positive PDL1 expression, it was seen to be statistically insignificant. Conclusions: PDL1 is a novel prognostic marker for RCC and is associated with poor prognosis. More studies with larger patient pool and multicentric studies will establish the role of PDL1 with certainty. This can be the torchbearer for the future management of RCC.

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