scholarly journals THE SPATIAL EPIDEMIOLOGY OF JACKFRUIT PEST AND DISEASES: A REVIEW

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 169-175
Author(s):  
Norraisha Md Sabtu ◽  
Mohamad Hafis Izran Ishak ◽  
Nurul Hawani Idris
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Epidemiology ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Scale Insects ◽  
Dispersal Pattern ◽  
Tropical Countries ◽  
Pests And Diseases ◽  
Plant Pests ◽  
Living Things ◽  
Mealy Bug

Jackfruit is identified as targeted produced for premium fruit and vegetable (EPP 7). Meanwhile in Johor, jackfruit is the third biggest fruit produced in 2016. Jackfruit contains a lot of benefits which certainly good for living things and have been used in various sector such as medicine, food, anti-bacterial and anti-oxidant, antifungal effect, immunomodulatory effect and else. However, the existence of pests and diseases have threatened the productivity of jackfruit plant particularly in tropical countries including Malaysia. There are many factors that can affect the occurrence of pests and plant diseases of jackfruit such as shoot borers, bark borers, mealy bug and scale insects, blossoms and fruit rots and bacterial die-back. Several studies have been devoted to model the plant pests and diseases epidemiology, though the contexts that focus in tropical environment and jackfruit plant are limited. Therefore, this paper aims to discuss abiotic factors and spatial methods that have been used to define dispersal pattern and relationship between abiotic factors including major climatic variables with plant pests and diseases occurrence data, particularly in tropical climate. This paper could be used as a basis to understand the epidemiological models in combating pest and plant disease and to support towards the effective management of jackfruit pests and diseases in tropical countries, particularly Malaysia.

scholarly journals PEMBUATAN PROGRAM SISTEM INFORMASI PENANGGULANGAN HAMA DAN PENYAKIT TANAMAN BAGI PENYULUH PERTANIAN

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jusuf Wahyudi ◽  
Herlina ◽  
Hesti Nur'aini
Keyword(s):  
Research Result ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Process Automation ◽  
Pests And Diseases ◽  
Plant Pests ◽  
Mitigation Techniques ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Many ◽  
Program Information

Extension of plant pests and diseases and tackling has been done by the trainers during the many difficulties and obstacles because of the location and the diversity of the problems faced. The limitations of distance and knowledge of the extension in their duties greatly affect the productivity results. To assist the government in resolving the issue, the need for a computer program information system that can be accessed in the location extension. The program should be able to address various issues of plant pests and diseases as well as mitigation. Program in accordance with the specific needs of course to be built specifically Similarly, in this case the program is made by using the BASIC programming language that has a lot of ability in terms of process automation and published in several editions (versions) according to the development of information of pests and plant diseases as well as mitigation. Techniques used in the preparation of the information systems program using the concept of Waterfalls Sommerville (2001: 45). Methods of data collection related to plant pests and diseases and tackling done by search and literature. The research result obtained is an application program that is easy to administer instructor and has been tested in the presence of pests at random extension. The test results were obtained, that the program has been good and it can be applied but need continued improvement to the development of pest control and plant diseases.Keywords:  hama, penyakit, tanaman, sistem informasi

scholarly journals Application of Bacillus subtilis on red onion (Allium ascalonicum)

2021 ◽  
Vol 921 (1) ◽  
pp. 012078
Author(s):  
A D T Gau ◽  
E Syam’un ◽  
F Ulfa
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Pests And Diseases ◽  
Plant Pests ◽  
Public Consumption ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Number Of Stems

Abstract The increase of public consumption of red onion urge the increased production in order to meet consumer needs. To increase red onion production, it is necessary to formulate cheap and easy technology. This study aims to examine the effect of Bacillus subtilis on the growth and production of red onion (Allium ascalonicum). The research was conducted at the Laboratory of Plant Diseases, Department of Plant Pests and Diseases and Experimental Fam Land, Faculty of Agriculture, Hasanuddin University Makassar. The study was conducted from February to April 2020. 80-days old red onion were treated with Bacillus subtilis bacteria consisting of 4 levels, namely control (p0), 104 density (p1), 108 density (p2), and 1012 density (p3). The results showed that the application of Bacillus subtilis affected the number of leaves, number of stems (tillers), number of bulbs, bulbs diameter (mm), and bulbs wet weight per plant (grams) with the best treatment at a density of 108 (p2). The rate of sprouting was not affected by the application of Bacillus subtilis.

scholarly journals PENGARUH KARAKTERISTIK SOSIAL EKONOMI TERHADAP PRODUKSI JAMBU METE DI DESA BANTEA KECAMATAN GU KABUPATEN BUTON TENGAH

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-30
Author(s):  
La Ode Muhammad Mustari
Keyword(s):  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Social Characteristic ◽  
High Rainfall ◽  
Pests And Diseases ◽  
Plant Pests ◽  
Cashew Nut ◽  
The Government

The study discusses economic social characteristic influence on the production of Jambu mete in Bantea Village, Subdistrict of Gu Central Buton Regency. This study discusses the influence of socio-economic characteristics of the production of cashew in Bantea Village, Subdistrict of Gu Central Buton Regency. This study was conducted over three months starting in June until August 2015. The population of this research is that there are cashew farmers, sample taking by the number 28 cashew farmers. Data were collected through interviews using a questionnaire and analyzed using descriptive analysis. The results of the study concluded that the cashew nut farmers in Bantea Village, Subdistrict of Gu Central Buton Regency show that socio­economic factors (education, farming experience, number of dependents and land) significantly affected the production of cashew nut farmers. By him it was suggested to farmers, is expected to further enrich the knowledge and insights of the farming handled, especially in terms of the handling of pests and plant diseases, and the government is expected to give more attention to farmers, whether it be the handling of low production due to high rainfall and plant pests and diseases. Keywords: production, socio-economic, cashew.

scholarly journals Arthropod Pests, Plant Diseases and Abiotic Disorders and their Management on Viburnum Species in the Southeastern U.S.: A Review

2014 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 84-102
Author(s):  
William E. Klingeman ◽  
Sarah A. White ◽  
Anthony LeBude ◽  
Amy Fulcher ◽  
Nicole Ward Gauthier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Eastern North America ◽  
Deciduous Trees ◽  
Pests And Diseases ◽  
Green Industry ◽  
Efficient Management ◽  
Landscape Plants ◽  
Tropical Areas ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Industry Professionals

The genus Viburnum encompasses a group of about 150 species of evergreen, semi-evergreen or deciduous trees and large shrubs. Viburnums are native to temperate, subtropical and tropical areas of southeastern Asia, eastern North America, Central America, the Caribbean and parts of South America. Native and nonnative Viburnum species have become prominent landscape plants in the southeastern United States due to their beauty, utility, relative ease of maintenance and broad adaptability to the region's climate and soils. Efficient management of viburnum pests to maintain healthy viburnum plants in nurseries and landscape settings is crucial for sustaining the economic competitiveness and profitability of green industry professionals competing in the horticulture marketplace. Diversity of species within the genus, however, is vast, and can contribute to many host-pest complexes that differ among growing environments and cause severe economic or aesthetic losses. Additionally, some abiotic disorders may mimic biotic damage or may render viburnum more susceptible to pests and diseases. This review focuses on viburnum culture in production and landscape settings with an emphasis on major insect and mite pests, plant diseases and abiotic disorders affecting management of Viburnum species in nursery and landscape settings.

scholarly journals EFFECTS OF LATE BLIGHT RESISTANT POTATO CONTAINING RB GENE ON THE SOIL MICROBES, PESTS AND PLANT DISEASES

2014 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 47
Author(s):  
Eny Ida Riyanti ◽  
Edy Listanto ◽  
Alberta Dinar Ambarwati
Keyword(s):  
Late Blight ◽  
Soil Microbes ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Late Blight Resistance ◽  
Alternaria Solani ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Bacterial Populations ◽  
Soil C ◽  
Pests And Diseases ◽  
Negative Effect

Late blight caused by Phytophthora infestans is an important disease on potato.  Several potato hybrids have been generated by crossing local varieties (Atlantic and Granola) with Katahdin SP951 which contains late blight resistance gene RB.  Prior to release, these hybrids need to be evaluated for their environ-mental effects on non-target organisms and natural pests and diseases. The objectives of the study were to investigate the effect of LBR potato hybrids on beneficial soil microbes, pests and diseases. The trial was conducted in the confined field trial (CFT) in Lembang, West Java. The parental non-transgenic (NT) clones (Granola, Atlantic and Katahdin) and LBR hybrids (four clones of Atlantic x Katahdin SP951 hybrids; 10 clones of Granola x Katahdin SP951) were planted at a plant spacing of 30 cm x 70 cm. Fungicide applications were used as treat-ments (no spray, five and twenty times sprays). The experi-ment was arranged in a randomized completely block design with three replications. The parameters determined were popula-tions of N2 fixing and P solubilizing bacteria, soil C/N ratio as well as natural pests and diseases. The results showed that the transgenic LBR potato hybrids did not have negative effect on N fixing bacteria. The bacterial populations were around 1010-11 cells g-1 soil before planting, 1012 cells at 1.5 months after planting (MAP) and 108 cells after harvest. For P- solubilizing bacteria, their populations were 1010 cells before planting, 1012 cells at 1.5 MAP and 1011 cells g-1  soil after harvest. The soil C/N ratio of the transgenic plot was not statistically different compared to non-transgenic plot, i.e. 12-15 before planting, 10-11 at 1.5 MAP, and 10 after harvest in non-spray plot. Pests and diseases such as Alternaria solani, Liriomyza, potato tubber moth, aphid and mites on the transgenic and non-transgenic plots were statistically not different. The resistance score for A. solani was 7.2 (parental tansgenic) and 7.6 (parental non-transgenic); for Liriomyza it was 2.07 (parental transgenic) and 2.32 insect per plant (parental non-transgenic), the PTM was 0.63 (parental transgenic) and 0.73 insect per plant (parental non-transgenic), aphid and mites were 0.75 (parental transgenic) and 1.68 insects per plant (parental non-transgenic). The study indicated that LBR potato hybrids did not have any negative impacts on non-target organisms.

scholarly journals Deleterious Impact of a Virulent Bacteriophage on Survival and Biocontrol Activity of Pseudomonas fluorescens Strain CHA0 in Natural Soil

2002 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 567-576 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christoph Keel ◽  
Zöhre Ucurum ◽  
Patrick Michaux ◽  
Marc Adrian ◽  
Dieter Haas
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Fluorescens ◽  
Population Size ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Pythium Ultimum ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Natural Soil ◽  
Lytic Bacteriophage ◽  
Resistant Variant ◽  
A Genome ◽  
Biocontrol Activity

Many biotic and abiotic factors affect the persistence and activity of beneficial pseudomonads introduced into soil to suppress plant diseases. One such factor may be the presence of virulent bacteriophages that decimate the population of the introduced bacteria, thereby reducing their beneficial effect. We have isolated a lytic bacteriophage (ΦGP100) that specifically infects the biocontrol bacterium Pseudomonas fluorescens CHA0 and some closely related Pseudomonas strains. ΦGP100 was found to be a doublestranded-DNA phage with an icosahedral head, a stubby tail, and a genome size of approximately 50 kb. Replication of ΦGP100 was negatively affected at temperatures higher than 25°C. ΦGP100 had a negative impact on the population size and the biocontrol activity of P. fluorescens strain CHA0-Rif (a rifampicin-resistant variant of CHA0) in natural soil microcosms. In the presence of ΦGP100, the population size of strain CHA0-Rif in soil and on cucumber roots was reduced more than 100-fold. As a consequence, the bacterium's capacity to protect cucumber against a root disease caused by the pathogenic oomycete Pythium ultimum was entirely abolished. In contrast, the phage affected neither root colonization and nor the disease suppressive effect of a ΦGP100-resistant variant of strain CHA0-Rif. To our knowledge, this study is the first to illustrate the potential of phages to impair biocontrol performance of beneficial bacteria released into the natural soil environment.

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