Primary neural involvement in renal haemodynamic and functional responses to prolonged stimulation of atrial receptors in anaesthetized dogs

1995 ◽  
Vol 80 (4) ◽  
pp. 631-644 ◽  
Author(s):  
DS Majid ◽  
F Karim
Keyword(s):  
Functional Responses ◽  
Prolonged Stimulation ◽  
Atrial Receptors ◽  
Stimulation Of

Capsaicin-activated bronchial- and alveolar-initiated pathways regulating tracheal ciliary beat frequency

1994 ◽  
Vol 77 (3) ◽  
pp. 1239-1245 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Eljamal ◽  
L. B. Wong ◽  
D. B. Yeates
Keyword(s):  
Low Dose ◽  
Beat Frequency ◽  
Ciliary Beat Frequency ◽  
Neural Stimulation ◽  
Short Exposure ◽  
Tracheal Lumen ◽  
Prolonged Stimulation ◽  
Prior Administration ◽  
Stimulation Of ◽  
Ciliary Beat

We questioned whether the prolonged stimulation of ciliary beat frequency (CBF) to a short exposure of low-dose capsaicin (Wong et al. J. Appl. Physiol. 68: 257–2580, 1990) could be due to the activation of indirect pathways involving neural reflexes initiated independently in the bronchi and alveoli. Tracheal CBF (CBFtr) was measured temporally in anesthetized groups of 10 dogs by means of heterodyne-mode correlation analysis laser light scattering. To elucidate the site of the afferent neural stimulation and the efferent mediators affecting the ciliated epithelium, capsaicin (3 nM) aerosol was delivered for 4 min, either predominantly to the bronchi or to the alveolar regions, with use of pulsed aerosol techniques. This resulted in 13 pg of bronchial (85%) and 10 pg of alveolar (96%) capsaicin deposited, which caused marked stimulation of CBFtr with maxima at 7 and 35 min, respectively. Prior administration of aerosolized indomethacin to the bronchi or aerosolized cromolyn to the alveoli inhibited the bronchial and alveolar responses, respectively. Prior administration of aerosolized hexamethonium to the tracheal lumen blocked the stimulatory CBFtr responses from both capsaicin challenges. Ipratropium or propranolol aerosols delivered to the tracheal lumen also inhibited these responses. It is proposed that these pathways comprise one set of sensitive mechanisms to ensure a prolonged stimulation of CBF to effect the removal of secretions and the irritant from the lungs.

scholarly journals Hypothalamic circuitry underlying stress-induced insomnia and peripheral immunosuppression

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (37) ◽  
pp. eabc2590 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shi-Bin Li ◽  
Jeremy C. Borniger ◽  
Hiroshi Yamaguchi ◽  
Julien Hédou ◽  
Brice Gaudilliere ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Restraint Stress ◽  
Immune Cell ◽  
Cell Mass ◽  
Neural Substrates ◽  
Functional Responses ◽  
Genetic Ablation ◽  
Optogenetic Stimulation ◽  
Response To Stress ◽  
Paraventricular Nucleus Of Hypothalamus ◽  
Stimulation Of

The neural substrates of insomnia/hyperarousal induced by stress remain unknown. Here, we show that restraint stress leads to hyperarousal associated with strong activation of corticotropin-releasing hormone neurons in the paraventricular nucleus of hypothalamus (CRHPVN) and hypocretin neurons in the lateral hypothalamus (HcrtLH). CRHPVN neurons directly innervate HcrtLH neurons, and optogenetic stimulation of LH-projecting CRHPVN neurons elicits hyperarousal. CRISPR-Cas9–mediated knockdown of the crh gene in CRHPVN neurons abolishes hyperarousal induced by stimulating LH-projecting CRHPVN neurons. Genetic ablation of Hcrt neurons or crh gene knockdown significantly counteracts restraint stress–induced hyperarousal. Single-cell mass cytometry by time of flight (CyTOF) revealed extensive changes to immune cell distribution and functional responses in peripheral blood during hyperarousal upon optogenetic stimulation of CRHPVN neurons simulating stress-induced insomnia. Our findings suggest both central and peripheral systems are synergistically engaged in the response to stress via CRHPVN circuitry.

scholarly journals Characterization of Prejunctional Muscarinic Receptors: Effects on the Release of VIP and Functional Responses and Receptor Expression in the Ovine Submandibular Gland

2009 ◽  
Vol 2009 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Anders T. Ryberg ◽  
Ondrej Soukup ◽  
Gunnar Tobin
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Submandibular Gland ◽  
Muscarinic Receptor ◽  
Muscarinic Receptors ◽  
Receptor Expression ◽  
Receptor Subtypes ◽  
Chorda Tympani Nerve ◽  
Functional Responses ◽  
Stimulation Of

In the in vivo experiments on anaesthetized sheep, it was presently examined whether muscarinic receptor antagonists with diverse selectivity affect the release of VIP in response to electrical stimulation of the parasympathetic chorda tympanic nerve differently, and if the changes in the release could be associated to altered secretory and vasodilator responses. The location of the muscarinic receptor subtypes was examined also. In the experiments, blood was collected out of the submandibular venous drainage before and during electrical stimulation of chorda tympani nerve in the absence and presence either of pirenzepine or methoctramine. While metchoctramine increased the output of protein, pirenzepine inhibited flow of saliva and increased protein output, vasodilatation, and VIP output. In morphological examinations, the inhibitory muscarinic M4 receptor occurred interacinarily in the gland. It is concluded that prejunctional muscarinic receptors, most likely of the M4 subtype, exert inhibitory modulation of the parasympathetic release of VIP in the ovine submandibular gland.

scholarly journals Sp1 Deacetylation Induced by Phorbol Ester Recruits p300 To Activate 12(S)-Lipoxygenase Gene Transcription

2006 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 1770-1785 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan-Jong Hung ◽  
Yi-Ting Wang ◽  
Wen-Chang Chang
Keyword(s):  
Histone Deacetylase ◽  
Gene Transcription ◽  
Phorbol Ester ◽  
Gene Promoter ◽  
Histone Deacetylase 1 ◽  
Prolonged Stimulation ◽  
Histone 3 ◽  
Lipoxygenase Gene ◽  
Stimulation Of

ABSTRACT We previous reported that Sp1 recruits c-Jun to the promoter of the 12(S)-lipoxygenase gene in 12-myristate 13-acetate-treated cells. We now show that Sp1 that recruited HDAC1 to the Sp1/cJun complex was constitutively acetylated when cells were exposed to phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) (3 h). Prolonged stimulation of the cells with PMA (9 h), however, caused the dissociation of histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1) and the deacetylation of Sp1, with the latter being able to recruit p300 that in turn caused the acetylation and dissociation of histone 3, thus enhancing the expression of 12(S)-lipoxygenase. We also overexpressed an Sp1 mutant (K703/A, lacking acetylation sites) in the cell and found that cells recruited more p300 and expressed more 12(S)-lipoxygenase. Taken together, our results indicated that Sp1 recruits HDAC1 together with c-Jun to the gene promoter, followed by deacetylation of Sp1 upon PMA treatment. p300 is then recruited to the gene promoter through the interaction with deacetylated Sp1 to acetylate histone 3, leading to the enhancement of the expression of 12(S)-lipoxygenase.

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF STIMULATION OF ATRIAL RECEPTORS ON THE PLASMA CONCENTRATION OF VASOPRESSIN

1983 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 579-589 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. L. Bennett ◽  
R. J. Linden ◽  
D. A. S. G. Mary
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Concentration ◽  
Atrial Receptors ◽  
Stimulation Of

Prolonged Stimulation of Wool Growth following Injections of Ox Growth Hormone

Nature ◽  
1954 ◽  
Vol 174 (4426) ◽  
pp. 411-411 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. A. FERGUSON
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Prolonged Stimulation ◽  
Wool Growth ◽  
Stimulation Of
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