scholarly journals Rod electrical coupling is controlled by a circadian clock and dopamine in mouse retina

2015 ◽  
Vol 593 (7) ◽  
pp. 1597-1631 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nan Ge Jin ◽  
Alice Z. Chuang ◽  
Philippe J. Masson ◽  
Christophe P. Ribelayga
Keyword(s):  
Circadian Clock ◽  
Electrical Coupling ◽  
Mouse Retina

scholarly journals The circadian clock gene Bmal1 is required to control the timing of retinal neurogenesis and lamination of Müller glia in the mouse retina

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (8) ◽  
pp. 8745-8758 ◽  
Author(s):  
Onkar B. Sawant ◽  
Vijay K. Jidigam ◽  
Rebecca D. Fuller ◽  
Olivia F. Zucaro ◽  
Cristel Kpegba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Circadian Clock ◽  
Clock Gene ◽  
Mouse Retina ◽  
Muller Glia ◽  
Müller Glia ◽  
Circadian Clock Gene ◽  
Retinal Neurogenesis

Light Signaling in Scotopic Conditions in the Rabbit, Mouse and Rat Retina: A Physiological and Anatomical Study

2005 ◽  
Vol 93 (6) ◽  
pp. 3479-3488 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dario A. Protti ◽  
Nicolas Flores-Herr ◽  
Wei Li ◽  
Stephen C. Massey ◽  
Heinz Wässle
Keyword(s):  
Ganglion Cells ◽  
Electrical Coupling ◽  
Anatomical Study ◽  
Amacrine Cells ◽  
Light Signal ◽  
Mouse Retina ◽  
Dark Light ◽  
Scotopic Vision ◽  
Rat Retina ◽  
Alternative Pathways

In the dark, light signals are conventionally routed through the following circuit: rods synapse onto rod bipolar (RB) cells, which in turn contact AII amacrine cells. AII cells segregate the light signal into the on and off pathways by making electrical synapses with on cone bipolar (CB) cells and glycinergic inhibitory chemical synapses with off CB cells. These bipolar cells synapse onto their respective ganglion cells, which transfer on and off signals to the visual centers of the brain. Two alternative pathways have recently been postulated for the signal transfer in scotopic conditions: 1) electrical coupling between rods and cones, and 2) a circuit independent of cone photoreceptors, implying direct contacts between rods and off CB cells. Anatomical evidence supports the existence of both these circuits. To investigate the contribution of these alternative pathways to scotopic vision in the mammalian retina, we have performed patch-clamp recordings from ganglion cells in the dark-adapted retina of the rabbit, mouse, and rat. Approximately one-half of the ganglion cells in the rabbit retina received off signals through a circuit that was independent of RB cells. This was shown by their persistence in the presence of the glutamate agonist 2-amino-4-phosphonobutyric acid (APB), which blocks rod→RB cell signaling. Consistent with this result, strychnine, a glycine receptor antagonist, was unable to abolish these off responses. In addition, we were able to show that some off cone bipolar dendrites terminate at rod spherules and make potential contacts. In the mouse retina, however, there seems to be a very low proportion of off signals carried by an APB-resistant pathway. No ganglion cells in the rat retina displayed APB- and strychnine-resistant responses. Our data support signaling through flat contacts between rods and off CB cells as the alternative route, but suggest that the significance of this pathway differs between species.

scholarly journals An Autonomous Circadian Clock in the Inner Mouse Retina Regulated by Dopamine and GABA

PLoS Biology ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 6 (10) ◽  
pp. e249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guo-Xiang Ruan ◽  
Gregg C Allen ◽  
Shin Yamazaki ◽  
Douglas G McMahon
Keyword(s):  
Circadian Clock ◽  
Mouse Retina

scholarly journals Circadian clock control of connexin36 phosphorylation in retinal photoreceptors of the CBA/CaJ mouse strain

2015 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
Author(s):  
ZHIJING ZHANG ◽  
HONGYAN LI ◽  
XIAOQIN LIU ◽  
JOHN O'BRIEN ◽  
CHRISTOPHE P. RIBELAYGA
Keyword(s):  
Protein Expression ◽  
Circadian Clock ◽  
Gap Junction ◽  
Mouse Strain ◽  
Electrical Coupling ◽  
Photoreceptor Cells ◽  
Critical Position ◽  
Retinal Photoreceptors ◽  
Strain Dependent ◽  
Regulatory Sites

AbstractThe gap-junction-forming protein connexin36 (Cx36) represents the anatomical substrate of photoreceptor electrical coupling in mammals. The strength of coupling is directly correlated to the phosphorylation of Cx36 at two regulatory sites: Ser110 and Ser293. Our previous work demonstrated that the extent of biotinylated tracer coupling between photoreceptor cells, which provides an index of the extent of electrical coupling, depends on the mouse strain. In the C57Bl/6J strain, light or dopamine reduces tracer coupling and Cx36 phosphorylation in photoreceptors. Conversely, darkness or a dopaminergic antagonist increases tracer coupling and Cx36 phosphorylation, regardless of the daytime. In the CBA/CaJ strain, photoreceptor tracer coupling is not only regulated by light and dopamine, but also by a circadian clock, a type of oscillator with a period close to 24 h and intrinsic to the retina, so that under prolonged dark-adapted conditions tracer coupling is broader at night compared to daytime. In the current study, we examined whether the modulation of photoreceptor coupling by a circadian clock in the CBA/CaJ mouse photoreceptors reflected a change in Cx36 protein expression and/or phosphorylation. We found no significant change in Cx36 expression or in the number of Cx36 gap junction among the conditions examined. However, we found that Cx36 phosphorylation is higher under dark-adapted conditions at night than in the daytime, and is the lowest under prolonged illumination at any time of the day/night cycle. Our observations are consistent with the view that the circadian clock regulation of photoreceptor electrical coupling is mouse strain-dependent and highlights the critical position of Cx36 phosphorylation in the control of photoreceptor coupling.

Expression and modulation of connexin30.2, a novel gap junction protein in the mouse retina

2010 ◽  
Vol 27 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 91-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
LUIS PÉREZ DE SEVILLA MÜLLER ◽  
KARIN DEDEK ◽  
ULRIKE JANSSEN-BIENHOLD ◽  
ARNDT MEYER ◽  
MARIA M. KREUZBERG ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Kinase ◽  
Gap Junction ◽  
Ganglion Cells ◽  
Electrical Coupling ◽  
Amacrine Cells ◽  
Mouse Retina ◽  
Coding Region ◽  
Transgenic Mouse Line ◽  
Junction Protein ◽  
Displaced Amacrine Cells

AbstractMammalian retinae express multiple connexins that mediate the metabolic and electrical coupling of various cell types. In retinal neurons, only connexin36, connexin45, connexin50, and connexin57 have been described so far. Here, we present an analysis of a novel retinal connexin, connexin30.2 (Cx30.2), and its regulation in the mouse retina. To analyze the expression of Cx30.2, we used a transgenic mouse line in which the coding region of Cx30.2 was replaced by lacZ reporter DNA. We detected the lacZ signal in the nuclei of neurons located in the inner nuclear layer and the ganglion cell layer (GCL). In this study, we focused on the GCL and characterized the morphology of the Cx30.2-expressing cells. Using immunocytochemistry and intracellular dye injections, we found six different types of Cx30.2-expressing ganglion cells: one type of ON-OFF, three types of OFF, and two types of ON ganglion cells; among the latter was the RGA1 type. We show that RGA1 cells were heterologously coupled to numerous displaced amacrine cells. Our results suggest that these gap junction channels may be heterotypic, involving Cx30.2 and a connexin yet unidentified in the mouse retina. Gap junction coupling can be modulated by protein kinases, a process that plays a major role in retinal adaptation. Therefore, we studied the protein kinase–induced modulation of coupling between RGA1 and displaced amacrine cells. Our data provide evidence that coupling of RGA1 cells to displaced amacrine cells is mediated by Cx30.2 and that the extent of this coupling is modulated by protein kinase C.

scholarly journals Paired Recording to Study Electrical Coupling Between Photoreceptors in Mouse Retina

2019 ◽  
pp. 221-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nange Jin ◽  
Zhijing Zhang ◽  
Kimberly A. Mankiewicz ◽  
Christophe P. Ribelayga
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Coupling ◽  
Mouse Retina ◽  
Paired Recording

scholarly journals Gap junctional coupling between retinal amacrine and ganglion cells underlies coherent activity integral to global object perception

2017 ◽  
Vol 114 (48) ◽  
pp. E10484-E10493 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaushambi Roy ◽  
Sandeep Kumar ◽  
Stewart A. Bloomfield
Keyword(s):  
Gap Junctions ◽  
Long Range ◽  
Ganglion Cells ◽  
Electrical Coupling ◽  
Amacrine Cells ◽  
Spatial Separation ◽  
Object Perception ◽  
Mouse Retina ◽  
Genetic Ablation ◽  
Connexin 36

Coherent spike activity occurs between widely separated retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) in response to a large, contiguous object, but not to disjointed objects. Since the large spatial separation between the RGCs precludes common excitatory inputs from bipolar cells, the mechanism underlying this long-range coherence remains unclear. Here, we show that electrical coupling between RGCs and polyaxonal amacrine cells in mouse retina forms the synaptic mechanism responsible for long-range coherent activity in the retina. Pharmacological blockade of gap junctions or genetic ablation of connexin 36 (Cx36) subunits eliminates the long-range correlated spiking between RGCs. Moreover, we find that blockade of gap junctions or ablation of Cx36 significantly reduces the ability of mice to discriminate large, global objects from small, disjointed stimuli. Our results indicate that synchronous activity of RGCs, derived from electrical coupling with amacrine cells, encodes information critical to global object perception.

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