Multiple Regression Analysis of Hip Fracture Risk Assessment via Finite Element Analysis

Author(s):  
Rabina Awal ◽  
Tanvir Faisal

Abstract An accurate assessment of hip fracture risk requires a proper consideration of parameters affecting the fracture. In general, hip fracture is assessed based on Bone Mineral Density (BMD) and load amount, but hip fracture is an outcome of the interaction of the parameters such as loading directions, bone density, which are often disregarded. Assessing the effect of the parameters individually may not correctly reflect the root cause of the hip fracture. Hence, this research aims at analyzing the significance of parameters and their interaction in assessing the fracture risk. A multiple regression analysis has been conducted considering bone density (\rho_ash), different loading directions during sideways fall, represented by load angle (\alpha) about femoral shaft on the coronal plane and angle (\beta) about femoral neck axis on the transverse plane as independent parameters and fracture risk index (FRI) as a dependent parameter. The statistical results showing the significant value of 0.7321 for , and 0.0001 for and ?_ash indicate that the effect of loading direction (\alpha) does not have impact on fracture risk in comparison with the loading direction (\beta) and (\rho_ash). Furthermore, the analysis of the interaction of parameters shows that the impact of \beta on fracture risk may depends more on bone density.

Author(s):  
Rabina Awal ◽  
Tanvir R. Faisal

Abstract An accurate assessment of hip fracture risk requires a proper consideration of parameters affecting the fracture. In general, hip fracture is affected by bone morphology, bone mineral Density (BMD), and load amount. Hip fracture is an outcome of the interaction of all those parameters including loading directions. Assessing the effect of the parameters individually may not correctly reflect the root cause of the hip fracture. Hence, this research aims at analyzing the significance of parameters and their interaction. A multivariate regression model was used considering bone density (ρash), different loading directions during sideways fall, represented by load angle (α) on the coronal plane and angle (β) on the transverse plane as independent parameters and Fracture Risk Index (FRI) as a dependent parameter. The statistical results showing the significant value of 0.7321 for α, and 0.0001 for β and ρash indicates that the effect of loading direction about femoral shaft on the coronal plane (α) does not have impact on fracture risk while loading direction about femoral neck axis on the transverse plane (β) and ρash have the significant impact. Furthermore, the analysis of the interaction of parameters shows that the impact of β on fracture risk may depends more on bone density as the significance of interaction of β and ρash is 0.0001.


2019 ◽  
pp. 98-124
Author(s):  
Randi Swandaru

The purpose of this study is to examine the impact and the electronic service quality of the national zakat management information system (SIMBA) on the national zakat collection. This paper uses a multiple regression analysis in its explorative attempt to illustrate the impact of SIMBA implementation on the national zakat collection. It shows that SIMBA is positive and significantly impact the national zakat collection as well as the human development index that is used as a proxy for the human resource management quality of zakat institutions in the respective city. Nonetheless, the population is negative and significant to the zakat collection as endemic poverty and reluctance to pay zakat are indicated as the reasons. Moreover, this study has succeeded in adapting and conducting e-service quality survey to zakat information system realm. All the tests prove that the instrument in this study has a high degree of reliability and validity. The results show that some of the demographic factors significantly impact the perceived performance of SIMBA. Multiple regression analysis that is conducted in this study shows that e-service quality dimension is positive and significant towards SIMBA’ overall quality, perceived value, and loyalty intention. This study contributes to the zakat management system literature, especially in the impact of the national zakat information system, which is pivotal in enhancing zakat collection and poverty alleviation program funded by zakat.


Author(s):  
Kwang-Hi Park ◽  
Hyunlye Kim ◽  
Jaehee Kim

Stress and depression are representative of the mental health problems of university students worldwide. This cross-sectional study explored the moderating effect of mindfulness on the influence of stress on depression according to the degree of life stress. The participants were 738 university students in years 2–4 in five 4-year universities in South Korea. Depression was positively correlated with stress and negatively with mindfulness at a statistically significant level. In multiple regression analysis, stress was found to have an effect by increasing depression, and mindfulness by relieving depression. In the moderated multiple regression analysis, mindfulness had a moderating effect on the impact of stress on depression only in low-stress groups, showing that the interaction of stress with mindfulness was significantly negative (β = −0.11, t = −2.52, p = 0.012) and the inclusion of this interaction significantly increased the explanatory power for depression variation (F change 6.36, p = 0.012) in the full model. In conclusion, we suggest considering stress levels in the development of mindfulness-based intervention strategies to effectively manage the depression of university students.


1993 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexis J. Walker ◽  
Clara C. Pratt ◽  
Barbara Wood

A role-conflict approach was employed to explore the impact of perceived frequency of conflict between caregiving and other obligations on the quality of relationships between daughters and their care-receiving mothers. Frequency of conflict between caregiving and responsibilities as a wife, mother, and paid and unpaid worker was assessed. Daughters reported relatively infrequent conflict between caregiving and other obligations. A multiple regression analysis revealed that daughters who reported frequent conflict between their obligations as caregivers and their obligations as wives had poorer relationships with their mothers. The findings emphasize the importance of a supportive spouse for married caregivers.


2005 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 185-199
Author(s):  
R. T. Barth

This article examines the impact of organizational climate components upon engineers' commitment to, and identification with, their employing organizations. The application of multiple regression analysis indicates that a significant proportion of the variance of the dependent variables can be accounted for by organizational climate scores.


2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 26-28
Author(s):  
Muthaloo Subramaniam

Tax revenue is one of important government’s sources of revenue and the taxation system vary across countries. Malaysia went through the paradigm shift by employing the self-assessment system (SAS) on 2001 where responsibility of calculating taxes had shifted successfully from the Inland Revenue Board of Malaysia (IRBM) to taxpayers. Since then, the voluntary tax compliance through SAS in Malaysia has been paying a greater role in meeting the statutory tax obligations and collection, effectively and efficiently. The study is aimed to examine the ethical, moral, religious and cultural background considerations on individual voluntary tax compliance in Malaysia by engaging quantitative research approach by utilising 200 valid questionnaire from respondents who are the individual taxpayer in Malaysia. Multiple regression analysis conducted to identify the effect of ethicality, morality, religiosity and cultural background on the individual voluntary tax compliance in Malaysia. Findings shows that all the variables have significant positive relationship, however the multiple regression analysis proven that ethicality and religiosity have strong significant effect on the individual tax compliance behaviour and on the other hand, morality and cultural background doesn’t have significant effect on individual tax compliance behaviour.


2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreea Maria Banica ◽  
Luciana Mihaela Oprea ◽  
Iuliana Ilie ◽  
Viviana Elian ◽  
Andra Caragheorgheopol ◽  
...  

Abstract Introduction Bone mineral density (BMD) measurement, a tool used to diagnose osteoporosis (OP) and to predict fracture risk, has not been found very useful in type 2 diabetic (T2DM) patients. They have a 69% higher fracture risk despite having higher hip and lumbar spine BMD than the non-diabetic population. The aim of this study was to examine the impact of 3 different fracture risk assessment (FRAX) models using surrogate adjustments for T2DM in predicting osteoporotic fracture risk over 10 years. Material and Methods Observational retrospective study included 98 patients with OP or osteopenia: 94 women and 4 men admitted in the National Institute of Endocrinology between 2011-2019. 50 % (n= 49) of the patients had T2DM, while the other half were non-diabetic patients. BMI, BMD, lipid profile, serum creatinine, calcium, phosphorus, 25(OH)vitamin D, HbA1c were assessed. BMD was measured on a GE Lunar osteodensitometer. The risk of major osteoporotic fracture in 10 years was assessed with FRAX adjusted for Romania. For diabetic patients, FRAX was adjusted by adding 10 years to patients’ age (model 1), by using rheumatoid polyarthritis as a substitute for T2DM (model 2) or by lowering T score with 0.5 DS (model 3). Results Non-diabetic patients had a lower BMI (p=0.001) and a lower BMD (p=0.03) than diabetic patients. A higher BMI correlated with a higher hip BMD (p=0.004). For diabetic patients, FRAX risk without adjustment was statistically significant lower than FRAX risk calculated with model 1 and 2 (p< 0.001) for both major and hip fracture risk. Unadjusted FRAX risk was lower than the one calculated with model 3 only for hip fracture risk (p<0.001). Model 1 FRAX adjustment led to a statistically significant risk of both major osteoporotic fracture (p= 0.004) and hip fracture (p=0.04) over 10 years in diabetic patients than non-diabetic patients, though diabetic patients had higher BMD. The same observation was made when FRAX was adjusted by model 2 (p=0.001) or by model 3 (p=0.001). HbA1c correlated inversely with FRAX adjusted with all three models. Discussion FRAX calculator does not include T2DM among secondary causes of OP and this precludes a proper risk assessment independent of BMD. Trabecular bone assessment (TBS) captures a larger portion of the diabetes-associated fracture risk than BMD, however TBS it is not fully independent of the BMD. We examined 3 models of adjusted FRAX in T2DM patients that showed an important increase in fracture risk prediction when adding BMD - independent risk factors into FRAX calculator. Conclusion T2DM patients have a greater risk of major osteoporotic fracture in 10 years at the same BMD compared with non-diabetic population. New models of FRAX adjusted for T2DM are needed in assessing the intervention threshold for OP/osteopenia of patients with T2DM.


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