scholarly journals Mechanical Dry Seal Applied to Pipeline (Natural Gas) Centrifugal Compressors

1984 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. C. Hesje ◽  
R. A. Peterson
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Centrifugal Compressors ◽  
Energy Company

NOVA, An Alberta Corporation is a major Canadian energy company actively involved in natural gas transportation and marketing, petroleum, petrochemicals, manufacturing, consulting and research.

Performance Testing of Centrifugal Compressors: Schultz Compressibility Factors

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matt Taher
Keyword(s):  
Equation Of State ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Performance Testing ◽  
Centrifugal Compressors ◽  
Real Gas ◽  
Gas Compression ◽  
Compressibility Factors

ASME PTC-10 [2009] recognizes inaccuracies involved in using the generalized charts to calculate Schultz compressibility factors for real gas compression. However, it neither addresses a method to develop the compressibility factors, nor does it specify when to use calculated compressibility factors rather than using generalized values. Using inaccurate generalized values for Schultz compressibility factors may lead to erroneous calculation of polytropic exponents and polytropic work. This paper employs the LKP equation of state to directly calculate Schultz compressibility factors for a mixture of hydrocarbons typically found in natural gas. The results are compared with the values of compressibility factors from the generalized compressibility charts.

scholarly journals Centrifugal Compressor Testing Experience and Practice

1982 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. H. Meier ◽  
C. S. Rhea
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Centrifugal Compressor ◽  
Performance Testing ◽  
Field Performance ◽  
Field Testing ◽  
Aerodynamic Performance ◽  
Reasonable Accuracy ◽  
Centrifugal Compressors ◽  
Factory Test ◽  
Different Types

Experience with factory and field performance testing of centrifugal compressors in natural gas service is presented. The ability of different types of factory test arrangements to closely predict future field performance is compared. Instrumentation requirements for achievement of reasonable accuracy in field testing are defined and discussed. Major aspects of mechanical and aerodynamic performance testing are addressed.

Experience in Full-Load Testing of Natural Gas Centrifugal Compressors for Rotordynamics Improvements

1997 ◽  
Vol 119 (4) ◽  
pp. 934-941 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Gelin ◽  
J.-M. Pugnet ◽  
D. Bolusset ◽  
P. Friez
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Stability Limit ◽  
Rotating Stall ◽  
Low Flow ◽  
Load Testing ◽  
Centrifugal Compressors ◽  
High Rotational Speed ◽  
Full Load ◽  
Load Tests ◽  
Gas Seals

During full-load shop tests under natural gas, two multistage centrifugal compressors exhibited subsynchronous vibrations. Both of them are low-flow, high-pressure, high rotational speed compressors, and are fitted with tilting pad bearings and dry gas seals. A rotating stall problem was first eliminated by a modification of the diffuser geometry. Then, aerodynamic excitations caused the rotors to operate at their stability limit, and high vibration levels were observed at the first natural frequency. A complete rotordynamics analysis was performed in order to model precisely all the fluid–structure interactions. Modifications of the rotor designs were implemented, consisting in optimizing conveniently the bearing pads, replacing the toothed labyrinth seals of the balance pistons by damping honeycomb seals, fitting them with improved shunt hole systems. In addition, the dry gas seals were found to have been damaged, due to thermal effects, and further modifications were implemented to eliminate this problem. Final full load tests demonstrated a satisfactory behavior of both centrifugal compressors.

Effective Pipeline Integrity Management in the Magallanes Region of Chile

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Salinas ◽  
A. Mun˜oz ◽  
A. Wilde ◽  
J. Healy ◽  
M. Bakayeva
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Operational Reliability ◽  
Management Plan ◽  
Pipeline System ◽  
Energy Company ◽  
Exploration And Production ◽  
Integrity Management ◽  
Business Line ◽  
The Impact

Empresa Nacional del Petro´leo (ENAP) is an energy company, wholly owned by the Chilean Government. With regards to overall management, the company comprises of two Business Divisions: Exploration and Production (Up-stream) and Refining and Logistic (Down-stream), complemented by corporate managerial structures. The objective of ENAP’s Exploration and Production (UpStream) business line is the exploration and exploitation of hydrocarbons (oil and natural gas) in the South of Chile (Magallanes) and abroad, as well as geo-thermal energy, in this case, associated with private entities in areas of Northern Chile. Within the Magallanes region ENAP operates approximately 2,200 km of natural gas, crude oil and refined product pipelines. These pipelines range in diameter from 4 to 20 inch and the majority of pipelines are over 30 years old. Due to operational reliability reasons, since 1998 ENAP has been regularly inspecting its pipelines using intelligent in-line inspection tools. Furthermore, since 2006, as part of an overall pipeline integrity management plan ENAP has been conducting Fitness for Service assessments on selected pipelines including a risk-based assessment considering pipeline condition and the impact on the continuity of operation. The Integrity Management Plan implemented by ENAP in the Magallanes region has been applied to all pipelines transporting gas, crude oil and refined products, including those built after 1990. This plan comprises the construction phase, from which invaluable information is gathered for later use. The primary aims of ENAP’s integrity management plan are: - To protect the public; - To protect the surrounding environment by preventing pipeline failures; - To ensure efficient usage of the budget available to conduct maintenance tasks; - To prevent damage to the pipelines, e.g. due to corrosion activity; - To provide clarity of activities being performed by ENAP in order to ensure an efficient, safe and reliable pipeline system. This paper provides a description of the integrity management strategy adopted by ENAP and includes a review of a number of the challenges encountered during its implementation.

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