scholarly journals Design and Performance Evaluation of a CBC Solar Space Power System: The Influence of Orbital and Solar Conditions

1993 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aristide F. Massardo
Keyword(s):  
Performance Evaluation ◽  
Design Procedure ◽  
Low Earth Orbit ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Plant Design ◽  
Fully Integrated ◽  
Plant Area ◽  
Combined Cycle Plant ◽  
External Conditions ◽  
And Performance

Design and performance evaluation of solar space Closed Brayton Cycle (CBC) is described in this paper taking into account the influence of orbital and solar conditions. With fixed external conditions (insolation, Tsink, power) overall performance and area of the plant are obtained and optimized (plant area minimization), while to evaluate plant mass a detailed and complete design of the plant components is carried out. Utilizing as the input the results obtained with fixed external conditions, plant transient orbital analysis (TOA) is performed taking into account modification of insolation, Tsink, and power to be generated versus orbit time, (quasi steady transient analysis). All these methods have been fully integrated — the common inputs are interchanged and the output of one code is directly input to the other codes — in a complete design procedure, named CBC-SPACE, suited for Low Earth Orbit (LEO) station power plant design. The most important results are presented and discussed, while the importance of this study is pointed out taking also into account the possibility to extend this analysis to SDCC (solar dynamic combined cycle) plant proposed by the author (Massardo, 1991).

scholarly journals Evaluation of a Water-Cooled Gas Turbine Combined Cycle Plant

1978 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Caruvana ◽  
W. H. Day ◽  
G. B. Manning ◽  
R. C. Sheldon
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
The United States ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Preliminary Design ◽  
Plant Design ◽  
General Electric ◽  
Design Work ◽  
Combined Cycle Plant ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Impact

General Electric initiated the development of a water-cooled gas turbine in the early 1960’s. The first laboratory model of a water-cooled rotor, 9.7 in. (24.7 cm) was successfully tested in 1973 at sustained firing temperatures of 2850 F (1556 C) and 16 atm pressure while maintaining bucket surface temperatures of 1000 F (583 C) or less. Maximum firing temperatures of 3500 F (1927 C) were also attained during this period. The Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) funded initial preliminary design work which utilized the water-cooled turbine concept in a combined cycle starting in 1974. Development work to define and resolve potential barrier problems was also funded by EPRI in the original and subsequent follow-on contracts. The United States Energy Research and Development Administration (ERDA) awarded a contract to the General Electric Company in May 1976 to conduct a preliminary design study which incorporates the water-cooled gas turbine concept in a combined cycle plant. The design is based on a gas turbine firing temperature (gas temperature entering the first-stage buckets) of 2600 F (1427 C) utilizing a coal-derived low-Btu gas or coal-derived liquid. This paper presents the results of the ERDA Program. Particular emphasis is devoted to the description of the overall plant design and performance. Turbine subsystems of the water-cooled concept and the alternate cooling concepts considered are also presented in this paper. The operating features and characteristics of an advanced fixed-bed gasifier and associated gas cleanup systems are also discussed relative to the impact on the overall system design and performance.

Degradation Effects on Combined Cycle Power Plant Performance: Part 1 — Gas Turbine Cycle Component Degradation Effects

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Zwebek ◽  
P. Pilidis
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Plant Performance ◽  
Plant Design ◽  
Turbine Performance ◽  
Fortran Code ◽  
Steam Turbine Plant ◽  
Combined Cycle Plant ◽  
Gas Turbine Exhaust ◽  
Topping Cycle

This paper describes the effects of degradation of the main gas path components of the gas turbine topping cycle on the Combined Cycle Gas Turbine (CCGT) plant performance. Firstly the component degradation effects on the gas turbine performance as an independent unit are examined. It is then shown how this degradation is reflected on a steam turbine plant of the CCGT and on the complete Combined Cycle plant. TURBOMATCH, the gas turbine performance code of Cranfield University was used to predict the effects of degraded gas path components of the gas turbine have on its performance as a whole plant. To simulate the steam (Bottoming) cycle, another Fortran code was developed. Both codes were used together to form a complete software system that can predict the CCGT plant design point, off-design, and deteriorated (due to component degradation) performances. The results show that the overall output is very sensitive to many types of degradation, specially in the turbine of the gas turbine. Also shown is the effect on gas turbine exhaust conditions and how this affects the steam cycle.

Design and performance evaluation of a waste-to-energy plant integrated with a combined cycle

Energy ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 786-793 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Poma ◽  
Vittorio Verda ◽  
Stefano Consonni
Keyword(s):  
Performance Evaluation ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Waste To Energy ◽  
Energy Plant ◽  
And Performance

LM2500+ Single Shaft Combined Cycle With Frequency Stabilization

1998 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald A. Kolp ◽  
Charles E. Levey
Keyword(s):  
Steam Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Heat Recovery ◽  
Heat Rate ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Heat Recovery Steam Generator ◽  
Equipment Operation ◽  
Combined Cycle Plant ◽  
Stable Frequency ◽  
And Performance

Zorlu Enerji needed 35 MW of reliable power at a stable frequency to maintain constant speed on the spindles producing thread at its parent company’s textile plant in Bursa, Turkey. In December of 1996, Zorlu selected an LM2500+ combined cycle plant to fill its power-generating requirements. The LM2500+ has output of 26,810 KW at a heat rate of 9,735 Kj/Kwh. The combined cycle plant has an output of 35,165 KW and a heat rate of 7,428 Kj/Kwh. The plant operates in the simple cycle mode utilizing the LM2500+ and a bypass stack and in combined cycle mode using the 2-pressure heat recovery steam generator and single admission, 9.5 MW condensing steam turbine. The generator is driven through a clutch by the steam turbine from the exciter end and by the gas turbine from the opposing end. The primary fuel for the plant is natural gas; the backup fuel is naphtha. Utilizing a load bank, the plant is capable of accepting a 12 MW load loss when the utility breaker trips open; it can sustain this loss while maintaining frequency within 1% on the mill load. The frequency stabilizing capability prevents overspeeding of the spindles, breakage of thousands of strands of thread and a costly shutdown of the mill. A description of the equipment, operation and performance illustrates the unique features of this versatile, compact and efficient generating unit.

Selection and Operation of Variable Speed Boiler Feed Pumps in a Triple Pressure Combined Cycle Plant

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan Flory ◽  
Anthony Warburton
Keyword(s):  
Control Valve ◽  
Power Input ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Recent Experience ◽  
Plant Design ◽  
Variable Speed ◽  
Pump Design ◽  
Thermal Plant ◽  
Combined Cycle Plant ◽  
Proper Design

This paper discusses various issues that pertain to the proper selection and operation of variable speed boiler feed pumps in a combined cycle plant equipped with a triple pressure boiler. There are numerous selection criteria to be met in order to achieve the best operational efficiency with variable speed pumps. In addition, it is imperative that all cases of operation be analyzed to ensure proper pump selection. The triple pressure Heat Recovery Steam Generator (HRSG) is typically found in the combined cycle plant. Unlike its fossil fired predecessor, it requires a high component flow through each section of the HRSG. By far the most difficult choice when selecting the boiler feed pump for the boiler arrangement is how to balance the pressure and flow requirements of each section of the boiler with the pressure requirements that result from varying loads on the plant. The primary benefit of the variable speed pump is economy of operation at reduced load, yet this is also the very issue that makes selection difficult. Each pressure component of the HRSG has varying requirements that are non-linear with plant demand. A secondary but less tangible benefit from variable speed operation is improved life of system components, with the most significant benefit relating to the main feedwater control valve. However, coincident with the benefits of the variable speed pump are several operational and selection complications that make proper design challenging. Some of the issues to consider in the initial design include: control scheme, thermal plant design, and potential operational modes, all of which contribute to the challenges in designing the pump intermediate and high pressure sections for variable speed operation. These issues are analyzed and discussed. In addition, various details critical to pump design and selection that have been acquired through recent experience are incorporated in the various sections. If successfully selected and properly planned to work in concert with the remaining plant hardware, the benefits of a variable speed pump can be significant. The reduced power input to the pump can be a significant financial savings along with several less quantifiable but equally valuable benefits like increased control valve life, increased pump life and better resistance to system upsets.

Degradation Effects on Combined Cycle Power Plant Performance—Part I: Gas Turbine Cycle Component Degradation Effects

2003 ◽  
Vol 125 (3) ◽  
pp. 651-657 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Zwebek ◽  
P. Pilidis
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Plant Performance ◽  
Plant Design ◽  
Turbine Performance ◽  
Fortran Code ◽  
Steam Turbine Plant ◽  
Combined Cycle Plant ◽  
Gas Turbine Exhaust ◽  
Topping Cycle

This paper describes the effects of degradation of the main gas path components of the gas turbine topping cycle on the combined cycle gas turbine (CCGT) plant performance. First, the component degradation effects on the gas turbine performance as an independent unit are examined. It is then shown how this degradation is reflected on a steam turbine plant of the CCGT and on the complete combined cycle plant. TURBOMATCH, the gas turbine performance code of Cranfield University, was used to predict the effects of degraded gas path components of the gas turbine have on its performance as a whole plant. To simulate the steam (bottoming) cycle, another Fortran code was developed. Both codes were used together to form a complete software system that can predict the CCGT plant design point, off-design, and deteriorated (due to component degradation) performances. The results show that the overall output is very sensitive to many types of degradation, especially in the turbine of the gas turbine. Also shown is the effect on gas turbine exhaust conditions and how this affects the steam cycle.

scholarly journals Phasing the Construction of an IGCC Plant for Fuel Flexibility

1992 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. J. Dechamps ◽  
Ph. Mathieu
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Coal Gasification ◽  
Capital Cost ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Fully Integrated ◽  
Fuel Flexibility ◽  
Combined Cycle Plant ◽  
Selection Of

The Integrated Coal Gasification in Combined Cycle technique allows a come back to coal: starting with a Combined Cycle plant, it is possible to add gasification units several years later and hence to switch from natural gas to coal. However, the price to pay will be capital cost but also a loss of performances of the resulting plant compared to a genuine Integrated Coal Gasification in Combined Cycle. In this paper, we investigate the phasing option starting with a new Combined Cycle plant, optimized on natural gas operation, and ending with an Integrated Coal Gasification in Combined Cycle plant. We calculate the performances of the resulting plants with four types of gasifiers based on Texaco, Shell, Dow and British-Gas-Lurgi processes. We then compare the performances of these four plants with the performances of new Integrated Coal Gasification in Combined Cycle plants, optimized on coal operation and fully integrated, comprising the same four gasifiers. We finally compare the loss of performances in the four cases and recommend the selection of a gasifier type for such a phasing strategy.

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