Crystal Orientation Rotation of Ice During Growth in a Bended Capillary

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshikazu Teraoka ◽  
Ryo Fukuno ◽  
Koji Matsumoto
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Model ◽  
Crystal Orientation ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Control Technique ◽  
Ice Crystal ◽  
Ice Growth ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Supercooling Temperature

A control technique of crystal orientation of ice can presumably help to improve freezing processes of various industries. However, the technique without seed ice has not been established yet. The author had found that crystal orientation of ice rotated gradually during high-rate growth along a cooling wall. The purpose of this paper is to examine the crystal orientation rotation of ice during growth in several types of bended capillaries at supercooling temperature. We show that, after growing through the capillaries, c-axis of ice crystal is within a certain angle range. On the basis of the measurement the rotation of crystal orientation before and after the growth through some sections of the capillaries, we constructed an empirical model of c-axis rotating gradually during ice growth in the capillary. The calculation of the model can explain the approach process of c-axis of ice crystal growing in the bended capillary to the specified direction.

Crystal Orientation Tuning of LiFePO4 Nanoplates for High Rate Lithium Battery Cathode Materials

Nano Letters ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 5632-5636 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Wang ◽  
Xiangming He ◽  
Wenting Sun ◽  
Jianlong Wang ◽  
Yadong Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cathode Materials ◽  
Crystal Orientation ◽  
Lithium Battery ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Orientation Tuning

scholarly journals Glasgow coma scale in acute poisonings before and after use of antidote in patients with history of use of psychotropic agents

2010 ◽  
Vol 138 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 210-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tonka Poplas-Susic ◽  
Zalika Klemenc-Ketis ◽  
Marija Komericki-Grzinic ◽  
Janko Kersnik
Keyword(s):  
Glasgow Coma Scale ◽  
Prescription Drugs ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Acute Poisoning ◽  
Illegal Drug ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Illegal Drugs ◽  
Coma Scale ◽  
Before And After ◽  
History Of Use

Introduction. Data on emergency interventions in poisonings are scarce. Objective. To determine the effectiveness of antidote therapy in acute poisoning-related emergency medical services (EMS) interventions. Methods. A prospective observational study included all poisoning-related intervention cases over 3 years (1999-2001) in the Celje region, Slovenia, covering 125,000 inhabitants. Data were recorded on an EMS form. Results. Psychoactive agents were present in 56.5% out of 244 poisoning-related EMS interventions. Prescription drugs were a cause of intoxication in 93 (39.2%) cases alone or in combination with alcohol or illegal drugs. More than one fifth of poisonings were due to the use of illegal drugs in 52 (21.9%) cases, 43 (18.1%) out of them heroin related. At the time of EMS arrival, more patients who ingested illegal drugs were in coma or comatose than the rest. 24 (45.3%) vs. 32 (17.3%) of poisoned patients were in coma (p<0.001). Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) at the first contact was lower in patients who ingested illegal drugs than in the remaining patients (9.0 vs. 11.6, p=0.001). In 23.2% of the cases, an antidote was administered. In 29 (12.2%) naloxone and in 16 (6.7%) flumazenil was administered. Mean GCS after intervention was higher in all cases but significantly higher in illegal drug cases, 13.4 vs. 12.2 (p=0.001), with a mean positive change in GCS of 4.5 vs. 0.6 (p<0.001). In illegal drug users, mean change after antidote administration was 8.2 vs. 0.5 without antidote administration (p<0.001). Conclusion. High rate of successful antidote use during the intervention indicated the importance of good EMS protocols and the presence of a skilled doctor in the EMS team.

scholarly journals Scientometrics analysis of recent trends in Global Corona virus Research

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krishnamurthy M ◽  
Bhalachandra S Deshpande ◽  
Sajana C
Keyword(s):  
Web Of Science ◽  
Recent Literature ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Research Papers ◽  
Medical Virology ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Virus Research ◽  
Recent Trends ◽  
Prolific Authors

Abstract Background: The worldwide pandemic COVID-19 has produced a wealth of research more rapidly after the outbreak. In just a couple of months, there is a rise in several studies on Coronavirus, adding up to the scholarly literature.Method: The current study attempts to Scientometric analyze very recent literature on Coronaviruses just before and after the outbreak. Besides, the objective of this exploration was to assess the global research progress on Coronavirus in recent times. The current research is an analytical descriptive study using Scientometrics. The study sample includes research papers about the Coronavirus indexed in Web of Science (WoS) database from January 1, 2019 to May 14, 2020. The records with topic search (includes Title, Abstract, Keywords and Keywords Plus) “coronavirus” were extracted. These data were analyzed by MS Excel and the visualizations were created using TableauResult: The results showed that 2551 scientific literature about the Coronavirus was indexed in WoS. A considerable number of these articles were published in journals such as the Journal of Medical Virology, Viruses, Nature, and Lancet. Authors from China, USA and Italy were the most prolific authors. About 47.51% articles received total of 11435 citations with an average of 9 citations, which indicates that nearly half articles were cited in another publication. The highest and lowest citations for these articles were 737 and 1, respectively.Conclusion: These results show a high rate of research on Coronavirus.

scholarly journals Ice Growth Acceleration by Antifreeze Proteins Leads to Higher Thermal Hysteresis Activity

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinzi Deng ◽  
Elana Apfelbaum ◽  
Ran Drori
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Growth ◽  
Growth Inhibition ◽  
Growth Velocity ◽  
Crystal Morphology ◽  
Thermal Hysteresis ◽  
Antifreeze Proteins ◽  
Ice Crystal ◽  
Ice Growth ◽  
Thermal Hysteresis Activity ◽  
Adsorption Rates

<p>Since some antifreeze proteins and glycoproteins (AF(G)Ps) cannot directly bind to all crystal planes, they change ice crystal morphology by minimizing the area of the crystal planes to which they cannot bind until crystal growth is halted. Previous studies found that growth along the <i>c</i>-axis (perpendicular to the basal plane, the crystal plane to which these AF(G)Ps cannot bind) is accelerated by some AF(G)Ps, while growth of other planes is inhibited. The effects of this growth acceleration on crystal morphology and on the thermal hysteresis activity are unknown to date. Understanding these effects will elucidate the mechanism of ice growth inhibition by AF(G)Ps. Using cold stages and an Infrared laser, ice growth velocities and crystal morphologies in AF(G)P solutions were measured. Three types of effects on growth velocity were found: concentration-dependent acceleration, concentration-independent acceleration, and concentration-dependent deceleration. Quantitative crystal morphology measurements in AF(G)P solutions demonstrated that adsorption rate of the proteins to ice plays a major role in determining the morphology of the bipyramidal crystal. These results demonstrate that faster adsorption rates generate bipyramidal crystals with diminished basal surfaces at higher temperatures compared to slower adsorption rates. The acceleration of growth along the <i>c</i>-axis generates crystals with smaller basal surfaces at higher temperatures leading to increased growth inhibition of the entire crystal.<a></a></p>

scholarly journals Effect of a Novel Patient Garment on Perceived Privacy during Colonoscopy: A Simple Approach to Minimize Embarrassment

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Aamar ◽  
Zeeshan Butt ◽  
Kamraan Madhani ◽  
Iqra Hussain ◽  
Joel Garsten ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
The United States ◽  
Simple Approach ◽  
High Rate ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Screening Programs ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Repeat Colonoscopy ◽  
Acceptance Rates ◽  
Study Participants

Background. In the United States, patients wear a one-piece, reusable cloth gown during colonoscopy procedures. Many patients report embarrassment related to bodily exposure during colonoscopy. This may limit participation in colorectal cancer screening programs. Aims. To assess whether the use of a novel, disposable patient garment (Privacy Pants, Jackson, MS), which increases patient coverage, can reduce embarrassment related to bodily exposure and increase colonoscopy acceptance rates. Methods. Patients were offered a novel gown, and they completed questionnaires before and after colonoscopy. Results. A total of 120 patients participated. 54% were female and 82% were Caucasian. The novel gown had high overall satisfaction (8.3) and was associated with a sense of respect during the procedure (9.4). 67% (80) of the patients had a prior colonoscopy, and of these, 76% would request a novel gown over a traditional gown for future procedures. Among all study participants, a high rate of acceptability for repeat colonoscopy if recommended by their doctors was reported (mean of 9.4). Nonwhites were more likely to have a concern for embarrassment addressed by using novel gowns as compared to whites (P value 0.02). Conclusion. All participants, particularly women and nonwhite participants, reported high rates of respect and satisfaction and decrease in embarrassment utilizing the novel gown during colonoscopy. Patients who had prior colonoscopy with a traditional gown preferred the novel garment. A novel procedure gown may enhance colonoscopy acceptance by minimizing embarrassment.

Knowledge of Attitude Toward Experience and Satisfaction with Electroconvulsive Therapy in a Sample of Iranian Patients

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (S1) ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
A. Malekian ◽  
Z. Amini ◽  
M. Barekatain ◽  
M.R. Maracy ◽  
G. Ahmadzadeh
Keyword(s):  
Electroconvulsive Therapy ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Freedom Of Choice ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Mini Mental Status Examination ◽  
Knowledge And Attitude ◽  
Iranian Patients

Despite the wide consensus over the safety and efficacy of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), it still faces unfavorable attitudes of patients and families. Little is known about how the experience with ECT affects the patients’ and their families’ attitude toward it. This study examined a sample of Iranian patients and their families regarding their experience with ECT and compared their knowledge and attitude toward ECT before and after this experience and their satisfaction with it. We surveyed 22 patients with major depressive disorder about to undergo ECT and 1 family member of each patient for their knowledge and attitude toward ECT and then surveyed them again after the trial of ECT to compare those variables while assessing their experience and satisfaction with ECT. Patients were rated using the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale and Mini-Mental Status Examination before and after the treatment. Before ECT, family members had a more favorable attitude toward ECT than patients, but after ECT, the patients’ attitude changed more positively. Both patients and their families had a poor knowledge of ECT before the ECT trial, but their total knowledge increased afterward, although not in the areas of indications and therapeutic effects. The majority of patients and their families found ECT to be beneficial and were satisfied with it. There was a high rate of perceived coercion to consent to ECT. Attention should be paid toward educating patients and their families about the ECT as well as informing them about their freedom of choice and right to refuse.

Spelling correction strategies employed by learners of Japanese

2005 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariko Kubota
Keyword(s):  
The Self ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Chinese Characters ◽  
Spelling Errors ◽  
Pronunciation Instruction ◽  
Detailed Instruction ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Correct Pronunciation ◽  
Rate Of Success ◽  
Correction Strategies

Abstract This article analyzes the self-correction of spelling by learners of intermediate Japanese. Participants in this study consisted of 20 students with kanji (Chinese characters) background and 43 without. This study investigates (1) types of spelling errors made; (2) the success rate of corrections made when codes for types of errors (error-codes) were given; (3) strategies used for correcting spelling errors; (4) reasons for a failure to correct errors; and (5) measures for further improvement in correction rates. Three methods, including ‘think-aloud’, observation notes, and the writing of an essay before and after corrections, were used as research tools. The findings show a high rate of success in the self-correction strategies. The errors made by the students may be attributed to a number of different causes. On the basis of the findings, this article puts forth the following suggestions, among others: the provision of increased time for corrections, of more detailed instruction in kanji, and of correct pronunciation instruction; increased practice in the use of dictionaries; and improved codes to indicate types of errors.

scholarly journals Quality of life of renal transplant donors

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 24-34
Author(s):  
Sagar Koirala ◽  
Pawan Raj Chalise ◽  
Prem Gyawali
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Renal Transplant ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Bodily Pain ◽  
Donor Nephrectomy ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Multivariate Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Before And After

Introduction: End stage renal disease has a high rate of mortality and morbidity. Kidney transplantation remains the best treatment option in comparison to other forms of renal replacement therapy. Live related donor renal transplantation was started at TUTH in 2008. Compared to other established centers, the outcome of transplantation was comparable. Though there is considerable evidence showing that donors are able to return to their healthy life, quality of life (QOL) assessment using standardized questionnaires has not yet been done in our centre. This study was carried out in order to compare QOL before and after donor nephrectomy. Methods: Short Form 36 version 2 (SF36v2) was used to assess the quality of life of kidney donors. Interview was conducted just before and three months after donor nephrectomy. Eight domains of quality of life score were compared using SPSS 17.0. Kolmogorov Smirnov test was used to check normal distribution of data. Mean scores before and after donation was compared with paired t test. Multivariate linear regression analysis was done to find out variables predicting poorer outcome. Results: Out of eight domains of quality of life, bodily pain, physical functioning and physical role limitation were decreased 3 months after donation. However, this did not have any impact on overall quality of life of donors. Increasing age was found to an independent predicter of poorer quality of life. However gender and donation status had no significance. Conclusion: Quality of life of renal transplant donors was not affected by donor nephrectomy. Long term follow up and quality of study is required in order to assess the changes in physical health component with time.

scholarly journals Comparison of BGM and PLC/PRC/5 Cell Lines for Total Culturable Viral Assay of Treated Sewage

2008 ◽  
Vol 74 (9) ◽  
pp. 2583-2587 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto A. Rodríguez ◽  
Patricia M. Gundy ◽  
Charles P. Gerba
Keyword(s):  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Uv Light ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Uv Treatment ◽  
Cell Monolayers ◽  
Reverse Transcription Pcr ◽  
Treated Sewage ◽  
Before And After

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to compare PLC/PRF/5 and BGM cell lines for use in a total culturable viral assay (TCVA) of treated sewage effluents. Samples were collected before and after chlorination from an activated sludge wastewater treatment plant and from the effluent of a high-rate enhanced flocculation system, followed by UV light disinfection. Cell monolayers were observed for cytopathic effect (CPE) after two passages of 14 days each. Monolayers exhibiting viral CPE were tested for the presence of adenoviruses and enteroviruses by PCR or reverse transcription-PCR. Eight percent of the samples exhibited CPE on BGM cells, and 57% showed CPE on PLC/PRF/5 cells. Only enteroviruses were detected on the BGM cells, while 30% and 52% of the samples were positive for enteroviruses and adenoviruses, respectively, on the PLC/PRF/5 cells. Thirty percent of the samples were positive for both adenoviruses and enteroviruses in chlorinated activated sludge effluent. Thirty percent of the samples were positive for adenoviruses in the UV treatment effluent, but no enteroviruses were detected. In conclusion, the PLC/PRF/5 cells were more susceptible than BGM cells to viruses found in treated sewage. The use of BGM cells for TCVA may underestimate viral concentration in sewage effluent samples. The PLC/PRF/5 cells were more susceptible to adenoviruses, which is important in the evaluation of UV disinfection systems because adenoviruses are highly resistant to UV inactivation.

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