Dynamics of a Stepping Motor Driven Conventional Machine Slide

1988 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. I. Umez-Eronini
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Open Loop ◽  
Motor Drives ◽  
Numerical Control ◽  
Stepping Motor ◽  
Stick Slip ◽  
Loop Control ◽  
Drive Chain ◽  
Conventional Machine ◽  
Drive Systems

Abstract A model of a conventional, manually driven machine tool slide which is retrofitted for Numerical Control by merely incorporating high-power stepping motor drives, is developed. This model includes the relatively large amount of stick-slip friction in the slideways, and backlash in the drive chain, which characterize the conventional slide. Simulation results obtained using this model highlight the peculiar dynamic behavior, at low speed positioning and contouring operations, of such large stepping motor drive systems under electronically damped open-loop control. The results also demonstrate the feasibility of this low-cost approach to the retrofitting problem, given adequate open- or closed-loop controllers, and provide useful insight into the design of such control systems.

An Integrated Design for a CNC Machine

2014 ◽  
pp. 254-265
Author(s):  
Amro Shafik ◽  
Salah Haridy
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Integrated Design ◽  
Numerical Data ◽  
Open Loop ◽  
Numerical Control ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Cnc Machine ◽  
Loop Control ◽  
Loop Control System ◽  
Stepper Motors

Computer Numerical Control (CNC) is a technology that converts coded instructions and numerical data into sequential actions that describe the motion of machine axes or the behavior of an end effector. Nowadays, CNC technology has been introduced to different stages of production, such as rapid prototyping, machining and finishing processes, testing, packaging, and warehousing. The main objective of this chapter is to introduce a methodology for design and implementation of a simple and low-cost educational CNC prototype. The machine consists of three independent axes driven by stepper motors through an open-loop control system. Output pulses from the parallel port of Personal Computer (PC) are used to drive the stepper motors after processing by an interface card. A flexible, responsive, and real-time Visual C# program is developed to control the motion of the machine axes. The integrated design proposed in this chapter can provide engineers and students in academic institutions with a simple foundation to efficiently build a CNC machine based on the available resources. Moreover, the proposed prototype can be used for educational purposes, demonstrations, and future research.

Self-learning current optimizing control for conventional stepping motor drive technique based on step pulses

2021 ◽  
pp. 014233122110464
Author(s):  
Jasper De Viaene ◽  
David Ceulemans ◽  
Stijn Derammelaere ◽  
Kurt Stockman
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Parameter ◽  
Open Loop ◽  
Motor Drive ◽  
Stepping Motor ◽  
Loop Control ◽  
Unique Character ◽  
Hybrid Stepping Motor ◽  
Low Efficiency ◽  
Optimizing Control ◽  
Self Learning

The essential advantage of the conventional stepping motor drive technique bases on step command pulses is the ability of open-loop positioning. By ruling out the cost of a position sensor, stepping motors are preferred in low power positioning applications. However, machine developers also want to obtain high dynamics with these small and cheap stepping motors. For that reason, stepping motors are used at its limits as much as possible. A drawback of the open-loop control is the continuous risk of missing a step due to overload. Due to this uncertainty, robustness is a major issue in stepping motor applications. Until today, to reduce the possibility of step loss, the motor is typically driven at maximum current level or is over-dimensioned with results in low-efficiency. Therefore in this paper, a self-learning [Formula: see text]-controller optimizing the current is presented. Moreover, to allow broad industrial applicability, this technique is computationally simple, needs no mechanical or electrical parameter knowledge and take into account the unique character of stepping motors and their conventional drive technique based on step command pulses. The proposed algorithm is validated through measurements on a hybrid stepping motor.

Development of a 3-DOF Tripedal Stick-Slip Microrobotic Mobile Platform for Unconstrained, Omnidirectional Sample Positioning

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iman Adibnazari ◽  
William S. Nagel ◽  
Kam K. Leang
Keyword(s):  
Visual Servoing ◽  
Feedforward Control ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Tracking Error ◽  
Kinematic Model ◽  
Open Loop ◽  
Step Cycle ◽  
Stick Slip ◽  
Slip Step ◽  
Forward Kinematic

This paper presents the development of a piezo-based three-degree-of-freedom (3-DOF), tripedal microrobotic platform that allows for unlimited travel with sub-micron precision over a planar surface. Compliant mechanical amplifiers are incorporated with each piezoelectric stack actuator to improve both the stroke and load-bearing capability of the platform. A forward kinematic model of the stage based on its tripedal leg architecture is derived for each stick-slip step cycle and inverted for feedforward control of the platform. A prototype is constructed using low-cost 3D-printing techniques. Experimental results demonstrate actuator stroke of 29.4 μm on average with a dominant resonance of approximately 860 Hz. Results demonstrate the stage tracks a 3 mm by 3 mm square trajectory in open loop. Feedback control through visual servoing is then simulated on a model that includes flexure dynamics, observed surface interactions, and camera sampling times, reducing the root-mean-square (RMS) tracking error by 90%. This control scheme is then implemented experimentally, resulting in 99% RMS position error reduction relative to when only feedforward control is used.

Research and Design of Control System for a 3-DOF Hybrid Robot

2010 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 207-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ju Li ◽  
Hui Ping Shen ◽  
Y.X. Jiang ◽  
Jia Ming Deng ◽  
Shan Shu Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Hybrid Structure ◽  
Open Loop ◽  
The Body ◽  
Step Motor ◽  
Parallel Structure ◽  
Loop Control ◽  
Loop Control System ◽  
Research And Design

This paper studied a novel 3-DOF hybrid robot, and invented a new hybrid structure which was composed of 2-DOF parallel structure and 1-DOF serial structure. The structure of this mechanism was simple, stiffness and positioning accuracy was high. The control system based on ARM micro-controller was a step motor open-loop control system, which features compact and low cost while the control accuracy can be guaranteed. In this paper, the body composition of the robot was described, and its inverse kinematics were derived and further simplified. Hardware and software of the motion control system was designed in detail and experimented through prototype.

The Design of Spraying Manipulator Control System in Mines

2014 ◽  
Vol 602-605 ◽  
pp. 1157-1160
Author(s):  
Mei Yu ◽  
Guo Wei Liu ◽  
Bing Kong
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Position Control ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Open Loop ◽  
Open Loop Control ◽  
Mining Equipment ◽  
Loop Control ◽  
Precise Position ◽  
Loop Control System ◽  
Manipulator Control

In view of the present mining spraying manipulator operation is not flexible ,spraying effect is poor, susceptible to interference and other issues, this paper studies and realizes a kind of low cost, strong practicability of spraying manipulator control system. Using S7-200PLC and 2MA860H drive to control the 86BYG250A stepper motor open-loop control system, and the precise position control is realized. By controlling of the x-y axis mine spraying manipulator. Validate the system operation is simple, highly efficient and stable, energy conservation and environmental protection, strong anti-jamming capability, it can be widely used in all kinds of mining equipment.

A standing wave ultrasonic stepping motor using open-loop control system

Ultrasonics ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 82 ◽  
pp. 327-330 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoxiao Dong ◽  
Minqiang Hu ◽  
Long Jin ◽  
Zhike Xu ◽  
Chunrong Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Standing Wave ◽  
Open Loop ◽  
Stepping Motor ◽  
Open Loop Control ◽  
Loop Control ◽  
Loop Control System

Progress of liquid crystal adaptive optics for applications in ground-based telescopes

2020 ◽  
Vol 494 (3) ◽  
pp. 3536-3540
Author(s):  
Xingyun Zhang ◽  
Zhaoliang Cao ◽  
Quanquan Mu ◽  
Dayu Li ◽  
Zenghui Peng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Liquid Crystal ◽  
Adaptive Optics ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Response Speed ◽  
Open Loop ◽  
Loop Control ◽  
Compact Size ◽  
Control Scheme ◽  
Resolution Imaging

ABSTRACT Liquid crystal (LC) adaptive optics systems (AOS) can potentially be used in ground-based large aperture telescopes, because of their high spatial resolution, low cost and compact size. However, their disadvantages, such as low energy efficiency and slow response speed, still hinder their application. In this paper, we demonstrate solutions to these problems. With newly synthesized fast nematic LC material and using an overdriving technique, the response time of a LC wavefront corrector was reduced to 0.75 ms. Under an open-loop control scheme, a novel optical system was designed to improve the energy efficiency of LC AOS. With those problems resolved, a LC AOS was built for a 1.23-m telescope. This system has a disturbance rejection bandwidth of 80 Hz, and could fully use the energy of 400–900 nm wavebands. Observation results showed that the diffraction limit resolution imaging of the telescope could be obtained after correction, which indicates that the LC AOS is ready to be used in ground-based telescopes for visible waveband imaging.

Suppression of Residual Vibration in Nonlinear Systems with Temporal Variation and Uncertainty in Parameters by Elimination of the Natural Frequency Component

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroki Mori ◽  
Kai Kurihara ◽  
Nobuyuki Sowa ◽  
Takahiro Kondou
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Variation ◽  
Natural Frequency ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Frequency Component ◽  
Open Loop ◽  
Complete Suppression ◽  
Control Input ◽  
Modeling Error ◽  
Residual Vibration ◽  
Loop Control

Abstract A systematic approach is developed for determining a control input for the point-to-point control of an overhead crane that exhibits temporal variation of rope length in addition to damping and nonlinearity, without inducing residual vibration. Complete suppression of the residual vibration is achieved by eliminating the natural frequency component of the cargo from the apparent external force, which is defined to include the effects of damping, nonlinearity, and parameter variation. Furthermore, an effective technique previously proposed by the authors for improving robustness to the modeling error of the natural frequency is extended. Numerical simulation results show that, even when cargo is hoisted up or down during operation, the proposed method realizes accurate positioning of the cargo without inducing residual vibration and sufficiently improves robustness. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first frequency-domain robust open-loop control strategy that ensures a theoretical zero amplitude for residual vibration in the absence of modeling error in nonlinear crane hoisting operation. The developed method is not only a contribution to the realization of low-cost and efficient crane hoisting operation, but is also applicable to the control of other nonlinear damped systems that include time-varying parameters.

New Electromagnetic Design of Miniature AF VCM Actuator with Low Cost

2015 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 421-426 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.-S. Liu ◽  
L. Kuo ◽  
B.-J. Tsai
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Closed Loop ◽  
Cell Phones ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Voice Coil Motor ◽  
Open Loop ◽  
Closed Loop Control ◽  
Electromagnetic Design ◽  
Loop Control ◽  
Auto Focusing

AbstractRecently, compact and high-resolution camera modules with auto-focusing (AF) function have been integrated into cell phones in order to capture sharp photographs. Consumer demands AF camera modules in cell phones to have high performance with low cost. Accordingly, the present study proposes a new electromagnetic design of miniature AF voice coil motor (VCM) actuator with closed-loop control for cell phone camera modules to satisfy the requirements. The structure of the proposed AF VCM actuators was designed by using simulation methods. The performance of the proposed AF VCM actuators was demonstrated by a laboratory-built prototype. The experimental results have shown that the proposed AF VCM actuator has excellent performance with lower power consumption, higher positioning repeatability, and lower cost, when compared to previous AF VCM actuators with open-loop control or closed-loop control.

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