The Effectiveness of Dynamic Compaction Under Various Water Levels

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing-Wen Chen ◽  
Fu-Cheng Chen
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Effect ◽  
Single Point ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Soil Liquefaction ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Dynamic Compaction ◽  
Cost Effective Method ◽  
Compaction Energy ◽  
Soil Densification ◽  
The Impact

Dynamic compaction is currently regarded as one of the quick but cost-effective method for soil densification to resist the potential of soil liquefaction during earthquake. Most practices and studies reveal the depth of densification is mainly limited by the compaction energy without considering the effect of water table. In this experimental study, the impact performances under both presence and absence of water level without changing the compaction energy were presented. The Single-point Impact Test is developed to perform a series of tests on soils under different water levels and drained conditions. Meanwhile, an automatic cone penetrometer is also developed to evaluate the effectiveness. The boundary effect of soil container used in the test is also discussed. The impact-induced pore pressures and dissipation periods are measured and compared with a field measurement. The relationship between the effective dynamic stresses and corresponding cone resistances in soils is highlighted. The performance of dynamic impacts is evaluated by a term of improvement ratio.

scholarly journals Improving Maternal and Child Health in Bangladesh: The Integration of Midwives in Conjunction With the United Nations Millenium Development Goals Initiative

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Casto
Keyword(s):  
Child Health ◽  
United Nations ◽  
Maternal And Child Health ◽  
Millennium Development Goals ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Cost Effective Method ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
The United Nations ◽  
The Impact ◽  
And Child Health

As the United Nations Millennium Development Goals initiative comes to a close, it is important to examine what has been effective in combating disparities in developing nations. In this paper I explore the impact midwives have on improving maternal and child health in Bangladesh by focusing on how the United Nations Millennium Development Goals initiative has helped to change societal views on women and birth as midwives become more integrated into improving maternal and child health. It is a quantitative and qualitative approach analyzing the statistics of implementing midwives as these impact cost-effectiveness and change in mortality rates in addition to social changes that have occurred in the culture towards maternal and child health. The paper further analyzes programs implemented by countries such as India and Sri Lanka comparatively. Data have been collected from published United Nations and governmental reports, media, and research articles. The paper concludes that the implementation of midwives has provided a cost-effective method of reducing maternal and child health in Bangladesh, and will be increasingly efficient as governmental programs continue to improve various aspects and laws of the country. It is important to analyze what is working in order to further improve maternal and child health on both a regional and global level. The use of midwives can provide a fundamental framework in communities that can aid in reducing health disparities as well as all improve all facets of reproductive wellness, providing the support needed at all stages to improve maternal and child health.

scholarly journals Improvement of semen parameters after coil embolization of varicoceles: a systematic review

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergio Quilici Belczak ◽  
Vanessa Stefaniak ◽  
Leonardo Garcia Góes ◽  
Felipe Coelho Neto ◽  
Walter Jr. Boim de Araújo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Semen Parameters ◽  
Semen Parameter ◽  
Cost Effective Method ◽  
Prisma Statement ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
The Impact

Abstract This systematic review was conducted in accordance with the 2009 Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement, including clinical studies in which one of the outcomes was semen parameter improvement after varicocele embolization using coils only. The objective of the review was to assess the evidence on the role of embolization using coils alone for semen parameter improvement in men with varicocele, since embolization using coils is the most cost-effective method of varicocele repair. Study quality was assessed using the methodological index for non-randomized studies (MINORS). Out of six retrospective and two prospective observational or comparative clinical studies involving 701 patients, semen concentration improved significantly in all five studies that assessed this parameter. Mean semen motility improved significantly in seven studies. The impact of embolization on semen density could not be analyzed.

SUSTAINABLE IMPACT OF BUILDING ENERGY RETROFIT MEASURES

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 69-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amirhosein Jafari ◽  
Vanessa Valentin
Keyword(s):  
Social Impact ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Building Energy ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Energy Retrofit ◽  
Cost Effective Method ◽  
Impact Index ◽  
The Impact

Energy retrofitting is argued to be the most feasible and cost-effective method for improving existing buildings' energy efficiency. As a sustainable development, building energy retrofits require the consideration and integration of all three sustainability dimensions: environmental, economic and social. The objective of this study is to estimate and compare the sustainable impact of building energy retrofits to determine the maximum sustainable benefit when implementing different energy-related measures. The proposed analysis consists of integrating three approaches for evaluating these benefits. Economic benefits are measured by estimating the payback period of energy-related measures, environmental benefits are measured by estimating the CO2 equivalent saving per year due to the implementation of energy-related measures, and social benefits are measured by defining a “social impact index” that establishes the impact of energy-related measures on buildings' users. A case study is used to demonstrate the framework for four potential scenarios. The results show that for the case study, energy-related “controlling” and “upgrading mechanical system” measures have the highest sustainable impact among the identified energy retrofitting measures.

scholarly journals Locating microseismic sources with a single seismometer channel using coda wave interferometry

Geophysics ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
pp. A19-A24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Youqian Zhao ◽  
Andrew Curtis ◽  
Brian Baptie
Keyword(s):  
Single Channel ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Coda Wave ◽  
Probabilistic Framework ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Cost Effective Method ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Coda Wave Interferometry ◽  
Selection Of

A novel source location method based on coda wave interferometry (CWI) was applied to a microseismic data set of mining-induced events recorded in Nottinghamshire, England. CWI uses scattered waves in the coda of seismograms to estimate the differences between two seismic states. We used CWI to estimate the distances between pairs of earthquake locations, which are then used jointly to determine the relative location of a cluster of events using a probabilistic framework. We evaluated two improvements to this location technique: These account for the impact of a large difference in the dominant wavelength of a recording made on different instruments, and they standardize the selection of parameters to be used when implementing the method. Although the method has been shown to produce reasonable estimates on larger earthquakes, we tested the method for microseismic events with shorter distinguishable codas in recorded waveforms, and hence, fewer recorded scattered waves. The earthquake location results are highly consistent when using different individual seismometer channels, showing that it is possible to locate event clusters with a single-channel seismometer. We thus extend the potential applications of this cost-effective method to seismic events over a wider range of magnitudes.

scholarly journals Impact of the High-Energy Dynamic Compaction by Multiple Compactors on the Surrounding Environment

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Chunlin Jiang ◽  
Yanhui Ge ◽  
Baoqun Wang ◽  
Luchen Zhang ◽  
Youbo Liu
Keyword(s):  
Working Conditions ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Measured Data ◽  
Dynamic Compaction ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Response Model ◽  
Surrounding Environment ◽  
Compaction Energy ◽  
Explicit Dynamic ◽  
The Impact

Dynamic compaction machine (DCM) is a widely adopted ground reinforcement technology. However, dynamic compaction energy has a very significant impact on the surrounding environment. At present, the research on the impact of dynamic compaction mainly focuses on the effect of the tamping behavior of a single compactor in the working state, whereas the research on the impact of multiple compactors working jointly is rare. To study the impact of the dynamic compaction energy of multiple compactors working jointly on the surrounding environment, the dynamic response model for multiple compactors working in the same field was established based on the explicit dynamic analysis module in ABAQUS. The validity of the model was verified by comparison with the measured data. Based on this, the impact of the dynamic compaction energy of multiple compactors with different working conditions in terms of the arrangement, spacing, and working time interval was analyzed. The results showed that the arrangement and spacing of the compactors had a remarkable influence on the distribution of the dynamic compaction energy in the surrounding environment. Under the condition of multiple compactors working with a time interval of less than 10 s, the impact of the superimposed dynamic compaction energy due to the interaction of multiple compactors had to be considered.

scholarly journals Intestinal helminth co-infection is an unrecognised risk factor for increased pneumococcal carriage density and invasive disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alice E. Law ◽  
Rebecca K. Shears ◽  
Andrea A. Lopez Rodas ◽  
Richard K. Grencis ◽  
Philip J. Cooper ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Invasive Disease ◽  
Intestinal Helminth ◽  
Infection Model ◽  
Pneumococcal Carriage ◽  
Helminth Infections ◽  
Cost Effective Method ◽  
Lower Income Countries ◽  
The Impact

AbstractInfection with Streptococcus pneumoniae is the leading cause of death in children and burden of disease is greatest where helminth infections are also common. We investigated the impact of intestinal helminth co-infection on pneumococcal carriage; a risk factor for invasive disease. We used a mouse co-infection model and clinical data to assess the impact of co-infection on carriage density. Co-infection in mice was associated with increased pneumococcal carriage density and dissemination into lungs. Helminth-infected children also exhibited increased carriage density as compared to uninfected children. Anthelmintic treatment may be a cost-effective method of reducing pneumococcal disease burden in lower-income countries.

scholarly journals A Facile Method for Preparing a Superhydrophobic Block with Rapid Reparability

Coatings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1202
Author(s):  
Jiyuan Zhu ◽  
Kaijin Liao
Keyword(s):  
Preparation Method ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Superhydrophobic Surfaces ◽  
Sliding Angle ◽  
Cost Effective Method ◽  
Zinc Oxide Powder ◽  
Die Pressing ◽  
Outdoor Environments ◽  
Stable Performance ◽  
The Impact

Superhydrophobic surfaces are fragile and are prone to failure in harsh outdoor environments. The preparation of robust superhydrophobic surfaces with stable performance and excellent properties can extend their application. In this paper, we report a simple and cost-effective method to prepare a superhydrophobic block using superhydrophobic zinc oxide powder and die pressing. The prepared sample has a contact angle of 163° and a sliding angle of 7°. Tests show that the superhydrophobic block can resist the impact of water flow, maintain its superhydrophobicity after friction or knife scraping, and quickly repair the destroyed surface by sandpaper abrasion. The sample exhibited excellent self-cleaning effect, robust mechanical property, and rapid repairability. This preparation method is also environmental-friendly and easy to operate. It will have a wide application prospect in many important fields.

scholarly journals Impact of free cancer predisposition cascade genetic testing on uptake in Singapore

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eliza Courtney ◽  
Amanda Kay-Lyn Chok ◽  
Zoe Li Ting Ang ◽  
Tarryn Shaw ◽  
Shao-Tzu Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effective ◽  
Cancer Predisposition ◽  
Relationship Type ◽  
Targeted Interventions ◽  
Cascade Testing ◽  
Cost Effective Method ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Significant Barrier ◽  
Testing Uptake ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Cascade testing for cancer predisposition offers a highly efficient and cost-effective method for identifying individuals at increased risk for cancer, in whom targeted interventions can often improve survival. The aim of this study was to determine the impact of free cascade testing on uptake and identify other associated factors. Demographic and clinical data were gathered prospectively for 183 probands found to have a pathogenic variant associated with cancer predisposition and their 826 first-degree relatives (FDRs). The provision of free cascade testing was significantly associated with uptake (21.6% vs 6.1%; χ2, P < 0.001). Relationship type between FDR and proband and FDR age also demonstrated significant associations, suggesting greater engagement amongst younger generations. Overall, 29.0% (53/183) of families had at least 1 FDR who underwent cascade testing. Of these families, 67.9% (36/53) had an uptake rate of at least 40.0%. Cost is a significant barrier to cascade testing uptake in Singapore. Tailored interventions targeting underrepresented groups and genetic counseling approaches supporting family communication and decision-making are necessary.

The impact of continuous electrical microcurrent on acute and hard-to-heal wounds: a systematic review

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (Sup7) ◽  
pp. S6-S15
Author(s):  
Cori L Ofstead ◽  
Brandy L Buro ◽  
Krystina M Hopkins ◽  
John E Eiland
Keyword(s):  
Wound Healing ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Standard Of Care ◽  
Electrical Current ◽  
Duration Of Treatment ◽  
Wound Area ◽  
Cost Effective Method ◽  
Graft Donor ◽  
Considerable Morbidity ◽  
The Impact

Background: Wound infections result in considerable morbidity, mortality and healthcare costs. Antibiotic resistance has complicated wound healing, and new, non-antibiotic-based treatment methods are being developed. Aims: To evaluate evidence on the safety, efficacy and real-world effectiveness of electroceutical devices (ECDs) that provide continuous electrical stimulation to wounds. Method: A systematic search was conducted to identify primary studies published between 2009 and 2019 that described therapeutic wound treatment using portable ECDs. Studies were included if the ECD delivered continuous electrical current directly to the wound area for the duration of treatment. Results: Of 171 citations identified in the search, 13 articles met the inclusion criteria and were analysed. Nine studies evaluated dressings embedded with zinc and silver particles that generated electricity electrochemically, and four evaluated electrode-based units with external batteries. ECDs were effective in healing complex, hard-to-heal wounds that had not responded to other treatments. Four studies showed that ECDs led to complete closure of wounds without complications, and in some cases healed wounds faster than standard of care (SOC). One study found that ECDs resulted in higher ratings by both patients and surgeons than SOC for the progression of wound healing and scar appearance. Additionally, three studies found ECD treatment was less expensive than SOC, due to patients requiring fewer dressing changes or nurse visits. Conclusion: ECDs appeared to be a safe, effective and cost-effective method for treating severe, complex and challenging wounds, including hard-to-heal wounds, surgical incisions and skin graft donor sites.

Lateral Extent and Environmental Effects of Dynamic Compaction in a Coastal Area of Southern Iran

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 203-211
Author(s):  
Akbar Cheshomi
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Effects ◽  
Coastal Area ◽  
Dynamic Compaction ◽  
Silty Sand ◽  
Southern Iran ◽  
Cone Penetration Testing ◽  
Center Point ◽  
Lateral Extent ◽  
Soil Densification ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACT The lateral extent, depth of densification, and environmental effects of dynamic compaction (DC) were investigated for a very loose to loose silty sand layer with thickness varying from 6 to 12 m in a coastal area in southern Iran. Cone penetration testing (CPT) was done at different distances from the center of the point of impact before and after DC. The increase in cone resistance at different distances is plotted versus dimensionless distance X/D (X = distance from center point of impact and D = diameter of tamper), and equations are proposed to describe them. The amount of soil densification decreased progressively until the distance from the center of the tamper increased to about 3.3 times the diameter of the tamper, beyond which there was no densification. The peak partial velocity (PPV) measured at different distances from the center point of impact was used to determine the environmental effect caused by the impact of the tamper. Equations describing the relationship between the weight of the tamper, tamper drop height, distance from the center point of impact, and PPV for this site are proposed.

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