Rocking Response of Unanchored Flat-Bottom Cylindrical Shell Tanks Subjected to Horizontal Base Excitation: Part II — Flexible Bottom Plate

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomoyo Taniguchi
Keyword(s):  
Cylindrical Shell ◽  
Effective Mass ◽  
Bottom Plate ◽  
Base Excitation ◽  
Base Shear ◽  
Flat Bottom ◽  
Time Histories ◽  
Rocking Motion ◽  
Reaction Forces ◽  
Overturning Moment

The mechanical analogy of the rock-translation interaction system of the tank is verified by comparing analytical results with experimental ones. To trace actual rocking behaviors of the tank, the existence of effective mass and moment inertia of liquid for a rocking motion, which is proportional to the uplift region of bottom plate, is assumed. The comparison of restoring moment defined by early investigators with overturning moment by proposed methods can identify the region of effective mass for a rocking motion in an iterative manner. Moreover, the base shear and uplift angle calculated agree with ones measured at previous shaking tests. These results corroborate the applicability of proposed methods. Finally, the sufficient friction to enter and sustain a rocking motion of the tank is discussed based on time histories of horizontal and vertical reaction forces on the pivoting edge.

Rocking Response of Unanchored Flat-Bottom Cylindrical Shell Tanks Subjected to Horizontal Base Excitation: Part I — Rigid Bottom Plate

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomoyo Taniguchi
Keyword(s):  
Cylindrical Shell ◽  
Liquid System ◽  
Bottom Plate ◽  
Base Excitation ◽  
Inertial Coordinate System ◽  
Flat Bottom ◽  
Coriolis Forces ◽  
Time Histories ◽  
Rocking Motion ◽  
Reaction Forces

The rocking dynamics of the tank is discussed by introducing the rock-translation interaction. The centrifugal, inertia and Coriolis forces accompanied with non-inertial coordinate system are incorporated into the conventional and translational tank-liquid system. Moreover, the reaction forces from the tank-liquid system are taken rocking system into account. As the beginning of series researches, using a rigid cylinder and a tank with rigid bottom plate, the necessity of the rock-translation interaction for evaluating rocking responses of the tank is highlighted. In addition, the sufficient friction to enter and sustain a rocking motion of the tank is discussed based on time histories of horizontal and vertical reaction forces on the pivoting edge.

Experimental and Analytical Studies of Rocking Mechanics of Unanchored Flat-Bottom Cylindrical Shell Model Tanks

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomoyo Taniguchi
Keyword(s):  
Cylindrical Shell ◽  
Shell Model ◽  
Effective Mass ◽  
Equations Of Motion ◽  
Rigid Bodies ◽  
Bottom Plate ◽  
Base Shear ◽  
Flat Bottom ◽  
Rocking Motion ◽  
Physical Quantities

Employing a few feasible physical quantities of liquid related to the rocking motion of tanks, this paper tries to understand the fundamental dynamics of the rocking motion of tanks. Introducing the effective mass of liquid for rocking motion and for rocking-bulging interaction motions, the equations of motion are derived by analogue of rocking motion between rigid bodies and tanks. Using the exclusive tanks that possess the rigid-doughnuts-shape bottom plate that guarantees the uplift region of the bottom plate and the extent of the effective mass of liquid for rocking motion, the harmonic shaking tests are carried out. The proposed procedures can stepwise trace the base shear and the uplift displacement of the model tanks used herein.

Rocking Mechanics of Flat-Bottom Cylindrical Shell Model Tanks Subjected to Harmonic Excitation

2005 ◽  
Vol 127 (4) ◽  
pp. 373-386 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomoyo Taniguchi
Keyword(s):  
Dynamical System ◽  
Cylindrical Shell ◽  
Shell Model ◽  
Effective Mass ◽  
Harmonic Excitation ◽  
Rigid Bodies ◽  
Base Shear ◽  
Flat Bottom ◽  
Rocking Motion

The rocking motion of the tanks is complex and not fully understood. Using model tanks that possess concentric rigid-doughnut-shaped bottom plates, this paper tries to clarify its fundamental mechanics through the analog of rocking motion of rigid bodies. Introducing an effective mass for the internal liquid for rocking motion enables the development of a dynamical system including the rocking-bulging interaction motion and the effective mass of liquid for the interaction motion. Since the base shear and uplift displacement observed during shaking tests match well with computed values, the proposed procedure can explain the mechanics of the rocking motion of the model tanks used herein.

Contribution of the Bending Stiffness of the Tank Bottom Plate and Out-of-Round Deformation of Cylindrical Shell to the Tank Rocking Motion

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomoyo Taniguchi ◽  
Teruhiro Nakashima ◽  
Yuuichi Yoshida
Keyword(s):  
Cylindrical Shell ◽  
Significant Influence ◽  
Bending Stiffness ◽  
Bottom Plate ◽  
Flat Bottom ◽  
Fluid Surface ◽  
Rocking Motion ◽  
Tank Bottom

Effects of bending stiffness of the tank bottom plate and out-of-round deformation of cylindrical shell on uplift of the un-anchored flat-bottom cylindrical shell tanks are investigated. Numerical tank models whose bottom plate has different bending stiffness reveal that changes in bending stiffness of the tank bottom plate may have little influence on uplift of the tanks. Contrary, numerical tank models whose cylindrical shell is stiffed differently reveal that out-of-round deformation of the cylindrical shell may have significant influence on uplift of the tanks. In addition, uplift of the tanks may have little influence on development of waves on the fluid surface like sloshing.

A Numerical Study of Uplift Motion of Flat-Bottom Cylindrical Shell Model Tank Subjected to Harmonic Excitation

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teruhiro Nakashima ◽  
Tomoyo Taniguchi
Keyword(s):  
Cylindrical Shell ◽  
Numerical Study ◽  
Harmonic Excitation ◽  
Fe Analysis ◽  
Experimental Result ◽  
Bottom Plate ◽  
Flat Bottom ◽  
Tank Model ◽  
Rocking Motion ◽  
The Impact

In analyzing the rocking motion of unanchored flat-bottom cylindrical shell tanks, the fluid-structure interaction and the impact between the tank bottom plate and tank foundation should be treated adequately. Employing harmonic excitation, this paper examines the applicability of the explicit FE-Analysis technique for analyzing the rocking motion of a flat-bottom cylindrical shell tank model. Since the tank model possesses a thick and elastic bottom plate, the model tank pivots upon from an edge of the bottom plate to another edge of that reciprocally. The rocking motion of the model tank to the harmonic excitation is numerically computed and the uplift displacement of the tank is compared with experimental result. Agreement between the numerical and experimental results implies that the explicit FE-Analysis is capable of analyzing the rocking motion of cylindrical shell tanks subjected to the earthquake excitation.

Fundamental Mechanics of Walking of Unanchored Flat-Bottom Cylindrical Shell Model Tanks Subjected to Horizontal Harmonic Base Excitation

2013 ◽  
Vol 135 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomoyo Taniguchi ◽  
Toru Segawa
Keyword(s):  
Cylindrical Shell ◽  
Shell Model ◽  
Equations Of Motion ◽  
Translational Motion ◽  
Bottom Plate ◽  
Primary Role ◽  
Base Excitation ◽  
Flat Bottom ◽  
Rotational Angle ◽  
Slide Displacement

Assuming very large slide displacement subsequent to tank rock motion to be a possible scenario of tank walk motion, fundamental mechanics of the walk motion of unanchored flat-bottom cylindrical shell model tanks subjected to horizontal base excitation is examined. First, employing a 3DOF model consisting of a set of two masses connected by flexible columns, equations of motion are derived through a variational approach. The interaction among the translational motion of a harmonic oscillator consisting of the upper mass and the flexible columns, the rock motion of the 3DOF model and the slide motion of it is thoroughly studied. Comparison of the experimental results and their predictions demonstrate applicability of the proposed analysis. A reduction in nominal friction force accompanying the rock motion that plays a primary role in causing the very large slide displacement is also pointed out. Next, drawing an analogy between the mechanics of the walk motion of the 3DOF model and that of an unanchored flat-bottom cylindrical shell model tank, equations of motion for the tank walk motion are derived. Shaker table test and time domain analysis are conducted, employing a model tank whose bottom plate concentrically uplifts for readily evaluating fluid masses contributing to the tank rock motion. Comparison of the experimental and analytical results of the slide displacement and the rotational angle corroborates the applicability of the proposed analysis.

Rocking Stability of Masonry Arches in Seismic Regions

2008 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 847-865 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew J. DeJong ◽  
Laura De Lorenzis ◽  
Stuart Adams ◽  
John A. Ochsendorf
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Testing ◽  
Base Excitation ◽  
Masonry Arches ◽  
Masonry Arch ◽  
Specific Criterion ◽  
Earthquake Motion ◽  
Time Histories ◽  
Rocking Motion ◽  
Failure Predictions ◽  
Primary Base

This study evaluates the susceptibility of masonry arches to earthquake loading through experimental testing and progresses toward a specific criterion by which arches can be quickly assessed. Five different earthquake time histories, as well as harmonic base excitations of increasing amplitude, were applied to model arches, and the magnitude of the base motion resulting in collapse was determined repeatedly. Results are compared with failure predictions of an analytical model which describes the rocking motion of masonry arches under base excitation. The primary impulse of the base excitation is found to be of critical importance in causing collapse of the masonry arch. Accordingly, a suite of failure curves are presented which can be used to determine the rocking stability of masonry arches under a primary base acceleration impulse which has been extracted from an expected earthquake motion.

The Sensibility of Rocking Motion of Flat-Bottom Cylindrical Shell Tanks to Sloshing Motion

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomoyo Taniguchi
Keyword(s):  
Cylindrical Shell ◽  
Ground Motion ◽  
Storage Systems ◽  
Lateral Force ◽  
Flat Bottom ◽  
Natural Period ◽  
Rocking Motion ◽  
Sloshing Mode

This paper examines the sensibility of rock motion of flat-bottom cylindrical shell tanks to the lateral force induced by the sloshing motion. Since the natural period of sloshing motion of the tank may be close to that of rocking motion of the tank, their resonance may result the serious damages of the storage systems. Therefore, it is necessary to examine their fundamental behavior beforehand. Using horizontal sinusoidal ground motion whose period matches the natural period of 1st sloshing mode of the tank, the rocking motion of the tank is numerically examined. The results imply that the sloshing behavior has the potential to make tanks rock.

A Study of Applicability of Finite Displacement Analyses With Semi-Analytical Finite Elements for Analyzing Uplift Displacement of Flat-Bottom Cylindrical Shell Tanks Statically

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teruhiro Nakashima ◽  
Tomoyo Taniguchi
Keyword(s):  
Finite Elements ◽  
Dynamic Pressure ◽  
Displacement Function ◽  
Bottom Plate ◽  
Inertia Force ◽  
Flat Bottom ◽  
Ring Element ◽  
Spring Element ◽  
Rocking Motion ◽  
Tank Bottom

The rocking motion of tanks due to earthquakes causes the large uplift deformation of the tank bottom plate that has been considered to contribute to the various damages of the tanks. For analyzing the uplift displacement of the tank bottom plate statically and precisely, this paper develops a shell element, ring element and spring element partially attached to the ring element. These elements are defined as a semi-analytical finite element. Fourier series give its circumferential displacement function, while the polynomial gives its radial displacement function. In addition, the ring element can deal with effects of the large deformation, while the spring element enables to express the partial contact between the tank bottom plate and foundation. On the other hand, the loads considered are dead load, hydro-pressure and inertia force due to earthquakes acceleration as well as dynamic pressure of fluid induced by bulging and rocking motion of the tank. The numerical analyses model of the LNG Storage Tank was created using the semi-analytical finite elements shown here, and the uplift displacement of the tank bottom plate accompanying the tank rocking motion was calculated with the static analyses. For evaluating analytical accuracy of the proposed method, numerical results of the proposed method are compared with that of the explicit FE Analysis.

A Static Analysis of Uplift During Strong Earthquakes of Unanchored Flat-Bottom Cylindrical Shell Tanks

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teruhiro Nakashima ◽  
Tomoyo Taniguchi
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Pressure ◽  
Shell Element ◽  
Bottom Plate ◽  
Inertia Force ◽  
Flat Bottom ◽  
Physical Conditions ◽  
Ring Element ◽  
Spring Element ◽  
Rocking Motion ◽  
Tank Bottom

For analyzing the uplift displacement of the tank bottom plate statically and precisely, this paper develops a shell element, ring element and spring element partially attached to the ring element. These elements are defined as a semi-analytical finite element. Moreover in analyzing uplift of the tank bottom plate precisely, the ring element can deal with effects of the large deformation, while the spring element enables to express the partial contact between the tank bottom plate and foundation. Dead load, hydro-pressure and inertia force due to earthquakes acceleration as well as dynamic pressure of fluid induced by bulging and rocking motions of the tank are applied statically. Comparison of results by the proposed method and that computed by the explicit FE Analysis reveals that the accurate uplift displacement is not obtained until all physical conditions involved in the tank rocking motion and the inward deformation of the tank shell is properly considered.

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