Experimental Studies of Typical Defects on Large Capacity Hoop-Wrapped Composite Cylinder of Steel Liner Based on X-Ray Digital Radiography Test

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sen Chai ◽  
Sanjiang Liu ◽  
Liang Huang ◽  
Yunxi Jiang ◽  
Jianhao Bi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Digital Radiography ◽  
Detection Sensitivity ◽  
Composite Cylinder ◽  
Single Image ◽  
Large Capacity ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Dr Method ◽  
Image Technique ◽  
Steel Liner ◽  
Double Wall

Abstract Tube trailers assembled with large capacity hoop-wrapped composite cylinder of steel liner (i.e., large capacity type 2 tube (LCT2T)) have shown an increasing trend in China. It is an urgent issue to detect nondestructively the defects of cuts, scratches and voids on the composite overwrap, and corrosion, cracks or other defects on the steel liner during their use and manufacturing processes. In this paper, the double-wall single-image technique of X-ray digital radiography (DR) method was studied for the typical defects on the LCT2T by making specimens of cracks and pitting corrosion on the steel liner, as well as cuts, scratches and void defects on the composite overwrap. The optimal penetration parameter was selected based on the identification of image quality indicators (IQI), and the detection sensitivity of the DR method for the typical defects on the LCT2T was obtained. The results showed that the above-mentioned artificial defects were effectively detected with double-wall single-image technique, and this technique had a higher detection sensitivity to longitudinal defects on the composite overwrap of the LCT2T than that to circumferential defects, as well as the detection sensitivity of steel liner defects was higher than that of composite overwrap defects.

Lateral Patellar Inclination Angle Measured via a Two-Image Technique on Axial Magnetic Resonance Imaging

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Lee Pace ◽  
Sheeba M. Joseph ◽  
Christopher Cheng ◽  
Matthew J. Solomito
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Threshold Values ◽  
Single Image ◽  
Patellar Tilt ◽  
Rater Reliability ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Image Technique ◽  
The One ◽  
Maximum Threshold

AbstractLateral patellar inclination (LPI) measures patellar tilt and is historically described on axial X-ray or a single magnetic resonance image (MRI). Given the variability in patellar height, LPI may be better represented by performing this measurement on two separate axial MRI images. We hypothesized that a two-image LPI measurement would be different from the current single-image LPI and have similar, if not superior reliability. Sixty-five patients treated for patellar instability (PI) between 2014 and 2017 were identified. Single image and two-image LPI were measured on axial MRI images. All measurements were performed by two independent observers. Reliability analysis was based on three observers' measurements of 30 randomly selected patients. Both the one image and two image LPI showed good inter-rater reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC] = 0.71 and 0.89, respectively), although the two image LPI had less variability. Both single image and two image LPI had near perfect intra-rater reliability (ICC = 0.98 and 0.98, respectively). Average single image LPI (14.6 ± 9.9 degrees) was 6.1 ± 3.4 degrees less than the average two image LPI (19.6 ± 9.4 degrees) (p = 0.037). Referencing a previously described 13.5 degrees maximum threshold, 54% of the patients had excessive patellar tilt based on single image LPI, while 73% had pathologic patellar tilt based on two image LPI. Two image LPI has similar reliability with less inter-rater variability compared with the historical single image LPI measurement. Significantly greater patellar tilt was identified with two image LPI that was found with single image LPI. A larger percentage of patients were classified as having pathologic patellar tilt based on two image LPI than single image LPI. The two image LPI provides more consistent and representative measurements of patellar tilt. Previously described threshold values for patellar tilt should be re-examined using this new measurement technique to appropriately risk stratify patients with PI and patellofemoral pain.

Improvement of the Detection Sensitivity of Edxrf Trace Element Analysis by Means of Efficient X-Ray Focusing Based on Strongly Curved Hopg Crystals

1995 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
pp. 109-117
Author(s):  
Burkhard Beckhoff ◽  
Birgit Kanngießer
Keyword(s):  
High Intensity ◽  
Focal Plane ◽  
Bragg Reflection ◽  
Pyrolytic Graphite ◽  
Trace Element Analysis ◽  
Detection Sensitivity ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Very High

X-ray focusing based on Bragg reflection at curved crystals allows collection of a large solid angle of incident radiation, monochromatization of this radiation, and condensation of the beam reflected at the crystal into a small spatial cross-section in a pre-selected focal plane. Thus, for the Bragg reflected radiation, one can achieve higher intensities than for the radiation passing directly to the same small area in the focal plane. In that case one can profit considerably from X-ray focusing in an EDXRF arrangement. The 00 2 reflection at Highly Oriented Pyrolytic Graphite (HOPG) crystals offers a very high intensity of the Bragg reflected beam for a wide range of photon energies. Furthermore, curvature radii smaller than 10 mm can be achieved for HOPG crystals ensuring efficient X-ray focusing in EDXRF applications. For the trace analysis of very small amounts of specimen material deposited on small areas of thin-filter backings, HOPG based X-ray focusing may be used to achieve a very high intensity of monochromatic excitation radiation.

Development of a novel direct X-ray detector using photoinduced discharge (PID) readout for digital radiography

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (02) ◽  
pp. C02045-C02045
Author(s):  
D Heo ◽  
S Jeon ◽  
J -S Kim ◽  
R K Kim ◽  
B K Cha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Digital Radiography ◽  
X Ray

scholarly journals Lateral Trochlear Inclination Angle: Measurement via a 2-Image Technique to Reliably Characterize and Quantify Trochlear Dysplasia

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 232596712095841
Author(s):  
Sheeba M. Joseph ◽  
Chris Cheng ◽  
Matthew J. Solomito ◽  
J. Lee Pace
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Technique ◽  
Trochlear Dysplasia ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Single Image ◽  
Image Measurement ◽  
Mri Scan ◽  
Morphologic Characteristics ◽  
Mri Scans ◽  
Image Technique ◽  
Dejour Classification

Background: Trochlear dysplasia (TD) is a risk factor for patellar instability (PI). The Dejour classification categorizes TD but has suboptimal reliability. Lateral trochlear inclination (LTI) is a quantitative measurement of trochlear dysplasia on a single axial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan. Hypothesis: A modified LTI measurement technique using 2 different axial MRI scans that reference the most proximal aspect of the trochlear cartilage on 1 image and the fully formed posterior condyles on the second image would be as reliable as and significantly different from the single-image measurement technique for LTI. Further, the 2-image LTI would adequately represent overall proximal trochlear morphologic characteristics. Study Design: Cohort study (diagnosis); Level of evidence, 2. Methods: Patients aged 9 to 18 years treated for PI between 2014 and 2017 were identified. The Dejour classification was radiographically determined. Single-image LTI was measured on a single axial MRI scan at the most proximal aspect of visible trochlear cartilage. A 2-image LTI was measured from 2 separate MRI scans: 1 at the most proximal aspect of trochlear cartilage and the second at the fully formed posterior condyles. This 2-image LTI was repeated at 3 subsequent levels (the first measurement is referred to as LTI-1; repeated measurements are LTI-2, LTI-3, and LTI-4, moving distally). In total, 65 patients met the inclusion criteria, and 30 were randomly selected for reliability analysis. Results: Inter- and intrarater reliability trended toward more variability for single-image LTI (intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC], 0.86 and 0.88, respectively) than for 2-image LTI (ICC, 0.97 and 0.96, respectively). The Dejour classification had lower intra- and interrater reliability (ICC, 0.31 and 0.73, respectively). Average single-image LTI (9.2° ± 12.6°) was greater than average 2-image LTI-1 (4.2° SD ± 11.9°) ( P = .0125). Single-image LTI classified 60% of patients with PI as having TD, whereas the 2-image LTI classified 71% as having TD. The 2-image LTI was able to capture 91% of overall proximal trochlear morphologic characteristics. Conclusion: LTI has higher reliability when performed using a 2-image measurement technique compared with single-image LTI and Dejour classification. The strong correlation between 2-image LTI and average LTI shows that 91% of TD is represented on the most proximal axial image. Because the single-image measurement appears to underestimate dysplasia, previously described thresholds should be reexamined using this 2-image technique to appropriately characterize TD.

scholarly journals Single-image geometric-flow x-ray speckle tracking

2018 ◽  
Vol 98 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
David M. Paganin ◽  
Hélène Labriet ◽  
Emmanuel Brun ◽  
Sebastien Berujon
Keyword(s):  
Speckle Tracking ◽  
Single Image ◽  
Geometric Flow ◽  
X Ray

scholarly journals Comparison of Spatial Photogrammetry and Digital Radiology

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 178
Author(s):  
Jacek Wilczyński ◽  
Natalia Habik ◽  
Katarzyna Bieniek ◽  
Sylwia Janecka ◽  
Przemysław Karolak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Digital Radiography ◽  
Body Posture ◽  
Spinal Curvature ◽  
Ray Method ◽  
Digital Radiology ◽  
Screening Analysis ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Significant Relationships ◽  
Complementary Role ◽  
Proper Diagnosis

Proper diagnosis is a basis in the treatment of scoliotic posture and scoliosis. The aim of the study was to compare Moiré's spatial photogrammetry and Exhibeon digital radiology in the assessment of the primary curvature of the spine. The study involved 28 girls aged 7-18 years with scoliotic posture and scoliosis. Body posture as well as the spine were examined using Moiré’s spatial photogrammetry and the Exhibeon digital radiography method. Multiple regression analysis showed a significant but low correlation between the angle of primary curvature determined by the Moiré method and one determined using the X-ray method. Screening analysis of variance showed significant relationships between the primary spinal curvature determined by X-ray with the age of the subjects. The Cobb angle increased with the age of subjects. There was no such relationship between the primary curvature angle of the spine determined by the Moiré method and the age of the subjects. The obtained results indicate a moderate convergence of the primary spinal curvature variables assessed using the Moiré spatial photogrammetry method and Exhibeon digital radiography. X-ray examination is considered to be more reliable and credible. The examination of body posture and spine using Moiré’s spatial photogrammetry should play a screening and complementary role.

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