scholarly journals Sonoelastographıc assessment of the age-related changes of the Achilles tendon

2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aynur Turan ◽  
Mehmet Akif Teber ◽  
Zeynep Ilerisoy Yakut ◽  
Havva Akmaz Unlu ◽  
Baki Hekimoglu
Keyword(s):  
The Elderly ◽  
The Body ◽  
Elderly Subjects ◽  
Reference Tissue ◽  
Traumatic Injuries ◽  
Age Related ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
History Of ◽  
Radiologic Investigation ◽  
Young Subjects

Aims: Tendons are crucial for optimal muscle force transfer and subject to changes with aging which may impair func- tional ability of elderly individuals. Achilles is the largest and the strongest tendon in the body; therefore it is an excellent site for the radiologic investigation of aging of tendons. Sonoelastography (SE) is a new ultrasound-based imaging technique that provides information on elastic properties and stiffness of tissues. The aim of our study was to investigate the age-related alterations in Achilles tendons using SE. Material and methods: Forty five geriatric (age≥ 65 years) and 42 young (age 18-40 years) healthy consecutive subjects were enrolled. Subjects with known history of metabolic or endocrine diseases, sports or traumatic injuries, peripheral vascular disorders were excluded. Both Achilles tendons were scanned with a real-time SE probe at a frequency of 6–15 MHz. Strains of Achilles tendons’ proximal, middle and distal parts were assessed semi-quantitatively with comparing a reference tissue. Results: Both SE methods -color coded evaluation and strain measurement- showed a re- markably stiffer tendon in the elderly subjects compared to young subjects in all thirds of Achilles tendons. In young subjects 84.9 % tendon thirds were blue, and 15.1% were green whereas, in elders 93.7% were blue and 6.3% were green (p=0.024). There was a significant correlation between age and stiffness of tendons assessed with strain indices. Conclusion: Our result showed increased tendon stiffness in elderly subjects which might be responsible for the high prevalence of Achilles tendi- nopathies observed in elderly subjects.

scholarly journals Extra Virgin Olive Oil Prevents the Age-Related Shifts of the Distribution of HDL Subclasses and Improves Their Functionality

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 2235
Author(s):  
Alyann Otrante ◽  
Amal Trigui ◽  
Roua Walha ◽  
Hicham Berrougui ◽  
Tamas Fulop ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Olive Oil ◽  
Virgin Olive Oil ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Extra Virgin Olive Oil ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
High Density ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Elderly Subjects ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Young Subjects

High-density lipoproteins (HDL) maintain cholesterol homeostasis through the role they play in regulating reverse cholesterol transport (RCT), a process by which excess cholesterol is transported back to the liver for elimination. However, RCT can be altered in the presence of cardiovascular risk factors, such as aging, which contributes to the increase in the incidence of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). The present study was aimed at investigating the effect of extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) intake on the cholesterol efflux capacity (CEC) of HDL, and to elucidate on the mechanisms by which EVOO intake improves the anti-atherogenic activity of HDL. A total of 84 healthy women and men were enrolled and were distributed, according to age, into two groups: 27 young (31.81 ± 6.79 years) and 57 elderly (70.72 ± 5.6 years) subjects. The subjects in both groups were given 25 mL/d of extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) for 12 weeks. CEC was measured using J774 macrophages radiolabeled with tritiated cholesterol ((3H) cholesterol). HDL subclass distributions were analyzed using the Quantimetrix Lipoprint® system. The HDL from the elderly subjects exhibited a lower level of CEC, at 11.12% (p < 0.0001), than the HDL from the young subjects. The CEC of the elderly subjects returned to normal levels following 12 weeks of EVOO intake. An analysis of the distribution of HDL subclasses showed that HDL from the elderly subjects were composed of lower levels of large HDL (L-HDL) (p < 0.03) and higher levels of small HDL (S-HDL) (p < 0.002) compared to HDL from the young subjects. A multiple linear regression analysis revealed a positive correlation between CEC and L-HDL levels (r = 0.35 and p < 0.001) as well as an inverse correlation between CEC and S-HDL levels (r = −0.27 and p < 0.01). This correlation remained significant even when several variables, including age, sex, and BMI as well as low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and glucose levels (β = 0.28, p < 0.002, and β = 0.24, p = 0.01) were accounted for. Consuming EVOO for 12 weeks modulated the age-related difference in the distribution of HDL subclasses by reducing the level of S-HDL and increasing the level of intermediate-HDL/large-HDL (I-HDL/L-HDL) in the elderly subjects. The age-related alteration of the CEC of HDL was due, in part, to an alteration in the distribution of HDL subclasses. A diet enriched in EVOO improved the functionality of HDL through an increase in I-HDL/L-HDL and a decrease in S-HDL.

Decreased Neutrophil Cyclic AMP Response to Isoprenaline Stimulation in the Elderly

1983 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. G. Cotter ◽  
K. O'Malley
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibodies ◽  
Cyclic Amp ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Population Heterogeneity ◽  
Elderly Subjects ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Young Subjects ◽  
Drug Free

1. Neutrophils from drug-free elderly subjects produced approximately 50% less cyclic AMP in response to isoprenaline than did neutrophils from young subjects. A significant difference in basal cyclic AMP levels was also evident (elderly 2.8 ± 0.37; young 4.9 ± 0.36 pmol of cAMP/107 cells; P < 0.05). 2. With a range of anti-neutrophil monoclonal antibodies no evidence of age-related neutrophil population heterogeneity was found. 3. These findings indicate that the age-related decline in β-adrenoceptor responsiveness is not due to changes in the neutrophil population. 4. The present results support the hypothesis that there is a generalized decline in β-adrenoceptor-mediated responsiveness in the elderly.

scholarly journals Age-related changes in multifinger synergies in accurate moment of force production tasks

2007 ◽  
Vol 102 (4) ◽  
pp. 1490-1501 ◽  
Author(s):  
Halla Olafsdottir ◽  
Wei Zhang ◽  
Vladimir M. Zatsiorsky ◽  
Mark L. Latash
Keyword(s):  
Hand Function ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Time Profile ◽  
Uncontrolled Manifold ◽  
Elderly Subjects ◽  
Total Force ◽  
Dominant Hand ◽  
Total Moment ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Young Subjects

The purpose of this investigation was to document and quantify age-related differences in the coordination of fingers during a task that required production of an accurate time profile of the total moment of force by the four fingers of a hand. We hypothesized that elderly subjects would show a decreased ability to stabilize a time profile of the total moment of force, leading to larger indexes of moment variability compared with young subjects. The subjects followed a trapezoidal template on a computer screen by producing a time profile of the total moment of force while pressing down on force sensors with the four fingers of the right (dominant) hand. To quantify synergies, we used the framework of the uncontrolled manifold hypothesis. The elderly subjects produced larger total force, larger variance of both total force and total moment of force, and larger involvement of fingers that produced moment of force against the required moment direction (antagonist moment). This was particularly prominent during supination efforts. Young subjects showed covariation of commands to fingers across trials that stabilized the moment of total force (moment-stabilizing synergy), while elderly subjects failed to do so. Both subject groups showed similar indexes of covariation of commands to the fingers that stabilized the time profile of the total force. The lack of moment-stabilizing synergies may be causally related to the documented impairment of hand function with age.

Effect of ‘Autonomic Blockade’ on Cardiac β-Adrenergic Chronotropic Responsiveness in Healthy Young, Healthy Elderly and Endurance-Trained Elderly Subjects

1994 ◽  
Vol 87 (3) ◽  
pp. 297-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. A. Ford ◽  
O. F. W. James
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Cardiovascular Responses ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Elderly Subjects ◽  
Healthy Elderly ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Autonomic Blockade ◽  
Young Subjects

1. Cardiac chronotropic responses to isoprenaline are reduced with ageing in man. It is unclear whether this is due to reduced cardiac β-adrenergic sensitivity or to age-associated differences in reflex cardiovascular responses to the vasodilatory effects of isoprenaline. Age-associated changes in physical activity are also reported to influence β-adrenergic sensitivity. 2. The aim of the present study was to determine the contribution of alterations in reflex changes in parasympathetic and sympathetic influences and physical fitness to the age-associated reduction in cardiac chronotropic responses to β-adrenergic agonists. 3. The effect of ‘autonomic blockade’ with atropine (40 μg/kg intravenously) and clonidine (4 μg/kg intravenously) on blood pressure, heart rate and chronotropic responses to intravenous bolus isoprenaline doses was determined in eight healthy young (mean age 21 years), nine healthy elderly (72 years) and 10 endurance-trained elderly (69 years) subjects. 4. Elderly subjects had a reduced increase in heart rate after atropine (young, 49 ± 9 beats/min; elderly, 36 ± 5 beats/min; endurance-trained elderly, 34 ± 12 beats/min; P < 0.01) and did not demonstrate the transient increase in systolic blood pressure after clonidine observed in young subjects (young, 11 ± 10 mmHg; elderly, −12 ± 16 mmHg; endurance-trained elderly, −18 ± 11 mmHg; P < 0.01). 5. Cardiac chronotropic sensitivity to isoprenaline after ‘autonomic blockade’ increased in the young but decreased in the elderly subjects. The isoprenaline dose that increased heart rate by 25 beats/min before and after autonomic blockade' was: young, before 1.6 μg, after 2.8 μg, P < 0.01 (geometric mean, paired test); elderly, before 6.9 μg, after 3.6 μg, P < 0.05; endurance-trained elderly, before 5.9 μg, after 4.0 μg, P < 0.05. Cardiac chronotropic sensitivity to isoprenaline was significantly reduced in elderly compared with young subjects before (P < 0.01) but was similar after (P = 0.09) ‘autonomic blockade’. Chronotropic sensitivity did not differ between healthy and endurance-trained elderly subjects before or after ‘autonomic blockade’. 6. The age-associated reduction in cardiac chronotropic responses to bolus isoprenaline is primarily due to an age-related reduction in the influence of reflex cardiovascular responses on heart rate and not to an age-related reduction in cardiac β-adrenergic sensitivity. Endurance training is not associated with altered β-adrenergic chronotropic sensitivity in the elderly. The transient pressor response to intravenously administered clonidine may be lost in ageing man.

An Overview of Fluoxetine in Geriatric Depression

1988 ◽  
Vol 153 (S3) ◽  
pp. 105-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
John P. Feighner ◽  
William F. Boyer ◽  
Charles H. Meredith ◽  
Gordon Hendrickson
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
The Body ◽  
Elderly Subjects ◽  
Aging Brain ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
Geriatric Depression ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Age Related

During the past 75 years, the proportion of elderly individuals in the USA has grown twice as fast as the general population. Depression in this age-group occurs four times more frequently than in the general population (Butler, 1975), and the suicide rate for people over 65 years of age is 15 times greater than that of the general population (Lehman, 1980).The elderly may be more susceptible to depression due to biological and/or psychosocial variables. Elderly people experience significant losses associated with increasing age, including death of spouse and friends, loss of work, social status, and physical and mental abilities (Lehman, 1980). The biogenic amine hypothesis suggests that the aging brain may experience a decrease in the functional availability of neurotransmitters (Lehman, 1980); this decrease may also play a role in the aetiology of depression.Due to age-related changes in the body, the elderly can be more sensitive to drug therapy. Older patients may require careful dosage adjustments and may also be more prone to experiencing drug-related adverse events. The elderly often receive medication for various indications, and drug interactions are a concern (Thompson et al, 1983). Therefore, efficacy and safety studies of new antidepressants in elderly patients are particularly important. We pooled data from both double-blind and open-label studies to evaluate the efficacy and safety of fluoxetine in geriatric outpatients with DSM-III major depression. Positive results of fluoxetine in the treatment of geriatric depression were reported in one of these studies (Feighner & Cohn, 1985). The favourable safety and side-effect profile of fluoxetine in the general population has been discussed elsewhere (Wernicke, 1985). Plasma concentrations of fluoxetine in elderly subjects are similar to those in younger individuals (I.emberger et al, 1985). These findings, combined with a lack of cardiovascular effects (Fisch, 1985), and low lethality with overdose, indicated promise for fluoxetine as a geriatric antidepressant.

scholarly journals Plasma lutein and zeaxanthin and the risk of age-related nuclear cataract among the elderly Finnish population

2011 ◽  
Vol 108 (1) ◽  
pp. 148-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jouni Karppi ◽  
Jari A. Laukkanen ◽  
Sudhir Kurl
Keyword(s):  
Elderly Population ◽  
Proportional Hazards Model ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards Model ◽  
Elderly Subjects ◽  
Nuclear Cataract ◽  
Age Related ◽  
History Of

Oxidative stress plays an important role in cataractogenesis. Previous studies have shown that long-term dietary intake of antioxidants (lutein and zeaxanthin) may decrease the risk of age-related cataracts. The aim of the present study was to examine whether plasma concentrations of lutein and zeaxanthin are related to age-related nuclear cataract in the elderly population. Subjects were participants in the Kuopio Ischaemic Heart Disease Risk Factor Study and they were classified into tertiles according to plasma concentrations of lutein and zeaxanthin. The association of plasma lutein and zeaxanthin concentrations with age-related nuclear cataract in 1689 elderly subjects (aged 61–80 years) was investigated in the present cross-sectional study by using the Cox proportional hazards model. A total of 113 cases of incident age-related cataracts were confirmed, of which 108 cases were nuclear cataracts. After adjustment for age, examination year, sex, BMI, smoking, alcohol consumption, serum LDL-cholesterol, serum HDL-cholesterol, years of education, use of oral corticosteroids, history of diabetes and history of hypertension with current use of antihypertensive medication, subjects in the highest tertiles of plasma concentrations of lutein and zeaxanthin had 42 and 41 % lower risks of nuclear cataract, respectively, compared with those in the lowest tertiles (relative risk (RR) = 0·58, 95 % CI 0·35, 0·98; P = 0·041 for lutein and RR = 0·59, 95 % CI 0·35, 0·99; P = 0·046 for zeaxanthin). In conclusion, we suggest that high plasma concentrations of lutein and zeaxanthin were associated with a decreased risk of age-related nuclear cataract in the elderly population.

scholarly journals Elderly people are inherently sensitive to the pharmacological activity of rivaroxaban: implications for DOAC prescribing

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanouela Kampouraki ◽  
Salah Abohelaika ◽  
Peter Avery ◽  
Tina Biss ◽  
Paul Murphy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Elderly Patients ◽  
Prothrombin Time ◽  
Pharmacological Activity ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Oral Anticoagulants ◽  
Direct Oral Anticoagulants ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Elderly Subjects ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Young Subjects

Abstract According to both trial and clinical data on direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) elderly patients are at greatest risk of bleeding. It is unclear whether age intrinsically affects anticoagulation response. To investigate the age-related sensitivity to DOACs, we compared the pharmacological activity of the direct factor Xa inhibitor, rivaroxaban, between young and elderly subjects ex-vivo. 36 fit elderly and 30 fit young subjects [median (IQR) age: 83(75–87) vs 30(26–38) years] provided a blood sample. Clotting parameters were measured in the resultant plasma samples incubated with rivaroxaban (100–500 ng/ml). Parametric, non-parametric tests and regression lines adjusted for rivaroxaban concentration and baseline values were used to compare data. Rivaroxaban produced a greater prolongation of both Prothrombin Time (PT) and modified Prothrombin Time (mPT) (both p < 0.001) in the elderly compared to young subjects (with difference in mean PT increasing from 1.6 to 6.1s and for mPT from 23.5 to 71.1s at 100 ng/ml and 500 ng/ml plasma rivaroxaban concentration, respectively). Factor X and factor II activity was significantly lower in the elderly in the presence of rivaroxaban (p < 0.001 for both). Rivaroxaban prolonged time-based parameters and suppressed the amount of thrombin generation to a significantly greater extent in the elderly compared to young subjects [%change from baseline for Endogenous Thrombin Potential (ETP): − 35.0 ± 4.4 vs − 29.8 ± 7.4 nM*min; p = 0.002]. The use of validated DOAC assays will be of considerable benefit for monitoring elderly patients who, because of their increased sensitivity to rivaroxaban, may require lower doses of the drug for therapeutic anticoagulation.

Aging: Sensitivity vs Criterion in Taste Perception

1983 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-115
Author(s):  
T. Kushnir ◽  
N. Shapira
Keyword(s):  
Strategic Behavior ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Detection Threshold ◽  
Threshold Level ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
False Positives ◽  
Taste Perception ◽  
Elderly Subjects ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Young Subjects

The study employed the signal-detection paradigm as a model for investigating age related biological vs cognitive (decision) effects on perceptual behavior. Old and young subjects reported the presence or absence of sugar in threshold level solutions and tap water. It was found that the aged subjects displayed a higher detection threshold. They also obtained a higher (stricter) criterion of decision, fewer false-positives and a greater false-negatives-to-total-errors ratio. These findings were interpreted as strategic behavior motivated by the elderly subjects' greater need to perform well through reducing the error rate. A post-hoc interview found that most subjects equated the term 'error' with false-positives only. Therefore, the negative response bias found among the elderly subjects may represent a strategic attempt to reduce the rate of false-positive errors. It is also speculated that it may reflect a need to save energy, since negative responses imply an unwillingness to commit oneself to exert effort.

Regulation of venous alpha-adrenergic responses in older humans

1991 ◽  
Vol 260 (4) ◽  
pp. E599-E607 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Supiano ◽  
R. V. Hogikyan ◽  
A. M. Stoltz ◽  
N. Orstan ◽  
J. B. Halter
Keyword(s):  
The Elderly ◽  
Elderly Subjects ◽  
Response Analysis ◽  
Plasma Norepinephrine ◽  
Detectable Change ◽  
Adrenergic Agonist ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Adrenergic Response ◽  
Young Subjects ◽  
Related Increase

Decreased adrenergic responsiveness in human aging could be a result of downregulation mediated by the age-related increase in sympathetic nervous system (SNS) tone. If so, suppression of SNS tone in elderly subjects should upregulate adrenergic responsiveness into the range observed for younger subjects. To test this hypothesis, we examined alpha 1 (phenylephrine)- and alpha 2 (clonidine)-adrenergic agonist-mediated venoconstriction in a group of 15 older healthy subjects (age 59-73 yr) during placebo and when SNS tone was suppressed by guanadrel (15 mg twice daily for 3 wk). During guanadrel compared with placebo 1) there were decreases in plasma norepinephrine (NE) levels (1.47 +/- 0.07 to 0.80 +/- 0.06 nM; P less than 0.001) and in the extravascular NE release rate derived from [3H]NE kinetics (11.8 +/- 1.4 to 6.1 +/- 1.0 nmol.min-1.m-2; P = 0.01), suggesting suppression of SNS tone; 2) there was an augmented clonidine-mediated venoconstriction response [analysis of variance (ANOVA) P = 0.01]; and 3) there was no detectable change in phenylephrine-mediated venoconstriction (ANOVA P = 0.60). When compared with previous results from young subjects, maximal alpha 2-adrenergic venoconstriction during guanadrel was decreased in the elderly compared with the young, although their response appeared to be appropriately upregulated by the decrease in SNS tone. The lack of an age-related decrease in alpha 1-adrenergic venoconstriction, together with the lack of upregulation of this response during guanadrel, suggests that regulation of this alpha 1-adrenergic response is impaired in the older group.

scholarly journals Renal functional reserve in healthy elderly subjects.

1993 ◽  
Vol 3 (7) ◽  
pp. 1371-1377
Author(s):  
D Fliser ◽  
M Zeier ◽  
R Nowack ◽  
E Ritz
Keyword(s):  
Renal Disease ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Renal Hemodynamics ◽  
Elderly Subjects ◽  
Functional Reserve ◽  
Renal Functional Reserve ◽  
Healthy Elderly ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Young Subjects

The increase in GFR after an amino acid (AA) load, the so-called renal functional reserve, is impaired in the aged rat. Whether the renal functional reserve predicts the progression of renal disease in humans is controversial, but it is possible that age-related alterations of renal hemodynamics are relevant for the evolution of renal disease in the elderly. We compared renal hemodynamics before and after an AA infusion in 15 healthy normotensive subjects of young age (seven women, eight men; median age, 26 yr; range, 23 to 32) and in 10 subjects of old age (six women, four men; median age, 70 yr; range, 61 to 82) on normal dietary protein intake. Baseline GFR and effective RPF were measured after 12 h of fasting by the inulin (Cin) and para-aminohippurate (Cpah) steady-state infusion techniques. The renal functional reserve was examined after an overnight AA infusion (7% solution; 83 mL/h). Median basal Cin and Cpah were significantly lower (P < 0.01) in the elderly (102 and 339 mL/min per 1.73 m2) than in the young subjects (122 and 647 mL/min per 1.73 m2), but virtually all GFR values of the elderly were still within the normal range. Median Cin upon infusion of AA was 118 mL/min per 1.73 m2 (range, 98 to 137) in the elderly and 146 (range, 120 to 171) in the young, respectively. Corresponding values of Cpah were 349 mL/min per 1.73 m2 in the elderly versus 689 mL/min per 1.73 m2 in the young. Cin increased significantly (P < 0.01) after the AA load in both young and elderly subjects.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

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