scholarly journals NeuroCa: integrated framework for systematic analysis of spatiotemporal neuronal activity patterns from large-scale optical recording data

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (03) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Min Jee Jang ◽  
Yoonkey Nam
Keyword(s):  
Neuronal Activity ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Optical Recording ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
Integrated Framework

scholarly journals The effects of direct brain stimulation in humans depend on frequency, amplitude, and white-matter proximity

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Uma R. Mohan ◽  
Andrew J. Watrous ◽  
Jonathan F. Miller ◽  
Bradley C. Lega ◽  
Michael R. Sperling ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Human Brain ◽  
Neuronal Activity ◽  
Brain Stimulation ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
High Frequency Stimulation ◽  
Stimulation Parameters

AbstractResearchers have used direct electrical brain stimulation to treat a range of neurological and psychiatric disorders. However, for brain stimulation to be maximally effective, clinicians and researchers should optimize stimulation parameters according to desired outcomes. To examine how different kinds of stimulation affect human brain activity, we compared the changes in neuronal activity that resulted from stimulation at a range of frequencies, amplitudes, and locations with direct human brain recordings. We recorded human brain activity directly with electrodes that were implanted in widespread regions across 106 neurosurgical epilepsy patients while systematically stimulating across a range of parameters and locations. Overall, stimulation most often had an inhibitory effect on neuronal activity, consistent with earlier work. When stimulation excited neuronal activity, it most often occurred from high-frequency stimulation. These effects were modulated by the location of the stimulating electrode, with stimulation sites near white matter more likely to cause excitation and sites near gray matter more likely to inhibit neuronal activity. By characterizing how different stimulation parameters produced specific neuronal activity patterns on a large scale, our results help guide clinicians and researchers when designing stimulation protocols to cause precisely targeted changes in human brain activity.

DISAST-CIR: Disastrous Incidents Systematic Analysis Through Components, Interactions and Results: Application to a Large-Scale Train Accident

2009 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adi Leiba ◽  
Dagan Schwartz ◽  
Talor Eran ◽  
Amir Blumenfeld ◽  
Daniel Laor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Systematic Analysis

scholarly journals Epileptogenesis due to glia-mediated synaptic scaling

2008 ◽  
Vol 6 (37) ◽  
pp. 655-668 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina Savin ◽  
Jochen Triesch ◽  
Michael Meyer-Hermann
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Neuronal Activity ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Brain Inflammation ◽  
Network Activity ◽  
Homeostatic Regulation ◽  
Synaptic Scaling ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Factor Α ◽  
Potential Interactions

Homeostatic regulation of neuronal activity is fundamental for the stable functioning of the cerebral cortex. One form of homeostatic synaptic scaling has been recently shown to be mediated by glial cells that interact with neurons through the diffusible messenger tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). Interestingly, TNF-α is also used by the immune system as a pro-inflammatory messenger, suggesting potential interactions between immune system signalling and the homeostatic regulation of neuronal activity. We present the first computational model of neuron–glia interaction in TNF-α-mediated synaptic scaling. The model shows how under normal conditions the homeostatic mechanism is effective in balancing network activity. After chronic immune activation or TNF-α overexpression by glia, however, the network develops seizure-like activity patterns. This may explain why under certain conditions brain inflammation increases the risk of seizures. Additionally, the model shows that TNF-α diffusion may be responsible for epileptogenesis after localized brain lesions.

scholarly journals A Systematic Analysis of Big Image Data Methodologies in Various Applications

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 483-487
Keyword(s):  
Big Data ◽  
Deep Learning ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Image Data ◽  
Computational Time ◽  
Process Data ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
Large Scale Data ◽  
Learning Techniques ◽  
Effective Performance

Big data is large-scale data collected for knowledge discovery, it has been widely used in various applications. Big data often has image data from the various applications and requires effective technique to process data. In this paper, survey has been done in the big image data researches to analysis the effective performance of the methods. Deep learning techniques provides the effective performance compared to other methods included wavelet based methods. The deep learning techniques has the problem of requiring more computational time, and this can be overcome by lightweight methods.

scholarly journals Representational drift in the mouse visual cortex

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Deitch ◽  
Alon Rubin ◽  
Yaniv Ziv
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Population Activity ◽  
Cortical Areas ◽  
Electrophysiological Recordings ◽  
The Face ◽  
Visual Cortical ◽  
Mouse Visual Cortex ◽  
Over Time

AbstractNeuronal representations in the hippocampus and related structures gradually change over time despite no changes in the environment or behavior. The extent to which such ‘representational drift’ occurs in sensory cortical areas and whether the hierarchy of information flow across areas affects neural-code stability have remained elusive. Here, we address these questions by analyzing large-scale optical and electrophysiological recordings from six visual cortical areas in behaving mice that were repeatedly presented with the same natural movies. We found representational drift over timescales spanning minutes to days across multiple visual areas. The drift was driven mostly by changes in individual cells’ activity rates, while their tuning changed to a lesser extent. Despite these changes, the structure of relationships between the population activity patterns remained stable and stereotypic, allowing robust maintenance of information over time. Such population-level organization may underlie stable visual perception in the face of continuous changes in neuronal responses.

scholarly journals Systematic analysis of copy number variation associated with congenital diaphragmatic hernia

2018 ◽  
Vol 115 (20) ◽  
pp. 5247-5252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qihui Zhu ◽  
Frances A. High ◽  
Chengsheng Zhang ◽  
Eliza Cerveira ◽  
Meaghan K. Russell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia ◽  
Candidate Genes ◽  
Birth Defects ◽  
Diaphragmatic Hernia ◽  
Copy Number ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Comparative Genomic ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Systematic Analysis

Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH), characterized by malformation of the diaphragm and hypoplasia of the lungs, is one of the most common and severe birth defects, and is associated with high morbidity and mortality rates. There is growing evidence demonstrating that genetic factors contribute to CDH, although the pathogenesis remains largely elusive. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms have been studied in recent whole-exome sequencing efforts, but larger copy number variants (CNVs) have not yet been studied on a large scale in a case control study. To capture CNVs within CDH candidate regions, we developed and tested a targeted array comparative genomic hybridization platform to identify CNVs within 140 regions in 196 patients and 987 healthy controls, and identified six significant CNVs that were either unique to patients or enriched in patients compared with controls. These CDH-associated CNVs reveal high-priority candidate genes including HLX, LHX1, and HNF1B. We also discuss CNVs that are present in only one patient in the cohort but have additional evidence of pathogenicity, including extremely rare large and/or de novo CNVs. The candidate genes within these predicted disease-causing CNVs form functional networks with other known CDH genes and play putative roles in DNA binding/transcription regulation and embryonic development. These data substantiate the importance of CNVs in the etiology of CDH, identify CDH candidate genes and pathways, and highlight the importance of ongoing analysis of CNVs in the study of CDH and other structural birth defects.

Efficiency and problems of distance learning: Experience of Russia and Kazakhstan

2021 ◽  
pp. 21-32
Author(s):  
A. S. Adzhemov ◽  
A. B. Denisova ◽  
D. Zh. Satybaldina ◽  
Sh. Zh. Seilov
Keyword(s):  
Distance Learning ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Learning Experience ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
Limited Mobility ◽  
Existing Problems ◽  
Teachers And Students ◽  
National University ◽  
E Learning ◽  
Distance Work

The last decade has been marked by large-scale and rapid changes in education, taking place on the basis of modern infocommunication and digital technologies, new hardware and software, as well as teaching methods updated in accordance with this. The limited mobility of citizens due to the coronavirus pandemic further intensified these processes, when, even with a low readiness of educational institutions to switch to distance (electronic, remote) technologies, teachers and students had to quickly master these technologies and use them in practice. The resulting experience allows us to identify not only problematic, sometimes even negative, features of distance learning, but also to make sure of the undoubted advantages of these technologies. The article points out the need for a systematic analysis when deciding on the use of e-learning, taking into account both technical and methodological, as well as personnel readiness for the implementation of this technology.The article analyzes these problems using the example of teaching both technical and humanitarian disciplines. The experience of distance work is analyzed on the example of cooperation between the Moscow Technical University of Communications and Informatics (Russia) and the L. N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University (Kazakhstan), which in its practical activities purposefully invites foreign professors to deliver lectures, guide undergraduates, etc., including those based on distance technology. The data of an anonymous questionnaire survey of students of these universities are given, allowing to assess the effectiveness of the decisions made, as well as to clarify the existing problems.

Understanding the effectiveness of measures aiming to stabilize urban gullies in Congolese cities: a systematic analysis based on field surveys

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Lutete Landu ◽  
Guy Ilombe Mawe ◽  
Charles Bielders ◽  
Fils Makanzu Imwangana ◽  
Olivier Dewitte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Clayey Soil ◽  
Waste Material ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Household Waste ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
Tropical Environments ◽  
Retention Ponds ◽  
Local Initiatives

<p>Many cities of the D.R. Congo are strongly affected by urban mega gullies. There are currently hundreds of such gullies in Kinshasa, Kikwit and Bukavu, representing a cumulative length of >200 km. Many of these gullies (typically tens of meters wide and deep) continue to expand, causing major damage to houses and other infrastructure and often claim human casualties. To mitigate these impacts, numerous measures are being implemented. The type and scale of these measures varies widely: from large structural measures like retention ponds to local initiatives of stabilizing gully heads with waste material. Nonetheless, earlier work indicates that an estimated 50% of the existing urban gullies continue to expand, despite the implementation of such measures. As such, we currently have very limited insight into the effectiveness of these measures and the overall best strategies to prevent and mitigate urban gullies. One reason for this is that most initiatives to stabilize urban gullies happen on a rather isolated basis and are rarely evaluated afterwards.</p><p>This work aims to improve our understanding of this issue. For this, we constructed a large inventory of measures implemented to stabilize urban gullies in Kinshasa, Kikwit and Bukavu and statistically confronted these measures with observed vegetation recovery and long-term gully expansion rates (derived from high-resolution imagery over a period of >14 years). Our preliminary results (based on a dataset of > 900 urban gullies) shows that the most commonly applied measures are revegetation and reinforcement of gully heads with sandbags or household waste material (implemented in around 65% of the cases). Retention ponds in streets and infiltration pits on house parcels are also frequently implemented (around 25% of the cases). Overall, techniques relying on vegetation are used relatively more frequently in regions with clayey soil, while techniques involving digging (e.g. infiltration pits) and topographic remodeling (e.g. gully reshaping by creation of terraces) are used mainly in sandy or sandy-clay areas. Surprisingly, small-scale local initiatives, such as stabilizing gully heads with household waste, often appear to have a higher effectivity than some large-scale civil engineering initiatives. However, such small-scale initiatives can come with important additional impacts (e.g. sanitation concerns). More research is needed to confirm these findings. Furthermore, the stability of gullies seems to be strongly linked to the degree of vegetation cover near the gully head. Nonetheless, it is not always clear if vegetation is the cause or the result of this stability. Overall, this study provides one of the first large scale assessments of the effectiveness of gully control measures in urban tropical environments. With this study, we hope to contribute to a better prevention and mitigation of this problem that affects many cities of the tropical Global South.</p>

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