Background:
Hypertensive ventricular remodeling is a common cause of heart failure. Activation and accumulation of cardiac fibroblasts is the key contributors to this progression. Our previous studies indicate that transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1), a Ca
2+
channel necessary and sufficient, play a prominent role in ventricular remodeling. However, the molecular mechanisms regulating remain poorly understood.
Methods:
We used TRPA1 agonists cinnamaldehyde (CA) pretreatment and TRPA1 knockout mice to understand the role of TRPA1 in ventricular remodeling of hypertensive heart. We also examine the mechanisms through gene transfection and in vitro experiments.
Results:
TRPA1 overexpression fully activated myofibroblast transformation, while fibroblasts lacking TRPA1 were refractory to transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) -induced transdifferentiation. TRPA1 knockout mice showed hypertensive ventricular remodeling reversal following pressure overload. We found that the TGF-β induced TRPA1 expression through calcineurin-NFAT-Dyrk1A signaling pathway via the TRPA1 promoter. Once induced, TRPA1 activates the Ca
2+
-responsive protein phosphatase calcineurin, which itself induced myofibroblast transdifferentiation. Moreover, inhibition of calcineurin prevented TRPA1-dependent transdifferentiation.
Conclusion:
Our study provides the first evidence that TRPA1 regulation in cardiac fibroblasts transformation in response to hypertensive stimulation. The results suggesting a comprehensive pathway for myofibroblast formation in conjunction with TGF-β, Calcineurin, NFAT and Dyrk1A. Furthermore, these data indicate that negative modulation of cardiac fibroblast TRPA1 may represent a therapeutic strategy against hypertensive cardiac remodeling.
235. Aminoglycoside-Derived Cationic Lipids Are Efficient Vectors for Gene Transfection In Vitro and In Vivo