scholarly journals Effects of nasal emission and microphone placement on nasalance score during /s/

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Rollins ◽  
Liran Oren
Keyword(s):  
Nasal Emission

Nasal Emission as a Component of the Misarticulation of Sibilants and Affricates

1975 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 106-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sally J. Peterson
Keyword(s):  
Cleft Palate ◽  
Visual Cues ◽  
Acoustic Target ◽  
Nasal Emission

Nasal emission confined solely to the sibilants or sibilants and affricates may be encountered as an articulatory phenomenon in speakers who do not demonstrate velopharyngeal incompetency. This phenomenon may occur both in patients who previously had an incompetent mechanism and in patients in whom such incompetency has never been documented. In the latter case, the patient may be referred to a cleft palate clinic on suspicion of a submucous cleft or other form of palatopharyngeal incompetency. Typically the nasal emission is combined with incorrect tongue placement. The persistent oral-nasal misarticulation may be viewed simplistically as a residual of earlier velopharyngeal incompetency, documented or undocumented. The speaker’s own acoustic target for these consonants is grossly deviant, perhaps owing to such factors as malocclusion and earlier compensatory articulation gestures. Many such cases prove impervious to extensive articulation therapy, yet physical management may constitute “over-correction” with undesirable sequelae. Inventive approaches to articulation therapy may be required in these cases, since correction of the combined oral-nasal distortion requires the speaker to make many simultaneous changes in articulator placement without benefit of visual cues.

Greater Palatal Cleft Width Predicts an Increased Risk for Unfavorable Outcomes in Cleft Palate Repair

2021 ◽  
pp. 105566562110295
Author(s):  
Åsa C. Okhiria ◽  
Fatemeh Jabbari ◽  
Malin M. Hakelius ◽  
Monica M. Blom Johansson ◽  
Daniel J. Nowinski
Keyword(s):  
Cleft Palate ◽  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Cleft Lip And Palate ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Velopharyngeal Insufficiency ◽  
Secondary Surgery ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Cleft Palate Repair ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Nasal Emission

Objective: To investigate the impact of cleft width and cleft type on the need for secondary surgery and velopharyngeal competence from a longitudinal perspective. Design: Retrospective, longitudinal study. Setting: A single multidisciplinary craniofacial team at a university hospital. Patients: Consecutive patients with unilateral or bilateral cleft lip and palate and cleft palate only (n = 313) born from 1984 to 2002, treated with 2-stage palatal surgery, were reviewed. A total of 213 patients were included. Main Outcome Measures: The impact of initial cleft width and cleft type on secondary surgery. Assessment of hypernasality, audible nasal emission, and glottal articulation from routine follow-ups from 3 to 16 years of age. The assessments were compared with reassessments of 10% of the recordings. Results: Cleft width, but not cleft type, predicted the need for secondary surgery, either due to palatal dehiscence or velopharyngeal insufficiency. The distribution of cleft width between the scale steps on a 4-point scale for hypernasality and audible nasal emission differed significantly at 5 years of age but not at any other age. Presence of glottal articulation differed significantly at 3 and 5 years of age. No differences between cleft types were seen at any age for any speech variable. Conclusions: Cleft width emerged as a predictor of the need for secondary surgery as well as more deviance in speech variables related to velopharyngeal competence during the preschool years. Cleft type was not related to the need for secondary surgery nor speech outcome at any age.

The Correlation between Nasalance and a Differentiated Perceptual Rating of Speech in Dutch Patients with Velopharyngeal Insufficiency

2002 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 277-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kornelis H.D.M. Keuning ◽  
George H. Wieneke ◽  
Hans A. Van Wijngaarden ◽  
Philippe H. Dejonckere
Keyword(s):  
Cleft Palate ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Velopharyngeal Insufficiency ◽  
Visual Analog Scales ◽  
Cleft Palate Speech ◽  
Normal Text ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Lower Correlation ◽  
Nasal Emission

Objective: The correlation between the nasalance score and the perceptual rating of several aspects of speech of speakers with velopharyngeal insufficiency (VPI) by six speech-language pathologists was evaluated. Procedure: The overall grade of severity, hypernasality, audible nasal emission, misarticulations, and intelligibility were rated on visual analog scales. Speech samples with a normal distribution of phonemes (normal text [NT]) and those free of nasal consonants (denasal text [DT]) of 43 patients with VPI were used. Mean nasalance scores were computed for the speech samples, and Spearman correlation coefficients were computed between the mean nasalance score and the five parameters of the differentiated rating. Setting: The Institute of Phoniatrics, Utrecht University Hospital, The Netherlands. Results: The correlation coefficient between the mean nasalance and the perceptual rating of hypernasality ranged among judges from .31 to .56 for NT speech samples and .36 to .60 for DT speech samples. Only small differences were found between speech pathologists with and without expertise in cleft palate speech. The rating of the overall grade of severity appeared to correlate quite well with the rating of the intelligibility (rNT = .77, rDT = .79). Lower correlation coefficients, ranging from .34 to .71, were found between overall grade of severity and hypernasality, audible nasal emission, and mis-articulations. Conclusions: A low correlation between the nasalance and the perceptual rating of hypernasality was found. The parameter overall grade of severity appeared to be determined mainly by the parameter intelligibility. Expertise in rating of cleft palate speech does not guarantee a high correlation between instrumental measurement and perceptual rating.

scholarly journals Convergences in the diversification of bats

2010 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 454-468 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Brock Fenton
Keyword(s):  
Litter Size ◽  
Duty Cycle ◽  
Adaptive Function ◽  
Small Litter ◽  
Echolocation Calls ◽  
Low Intensity ◽  
High Duty Cycle ◽  
Small Litter Size ◽  
Flower Visiting ◽  
Nasal Emission

Abstract Twenty-five characters or suites of characters from bats are considered in light of changes in bat classification. The characters include some associated with flower-visiting (two), echolocation (12), roosting (six), reproduction (two) and three are of unknown adaptive function. In both the 1998 and 2006 classifications of bats into suborders (Megachiroptera and Microchiroptera versus Yinpterochiroptera and Yangochiroptera, respectively), some convergences between suborders are the same (e.g., foliage roosting, tent building), but others associated with echolocation differ substantially. In the 1998 phylogeny convergences associated with echolocation (high duty cycle echolocation, nasal emission of echolocation calls) occurred among the Microchiroptera. In the 2006 phylogeny, they occur between Yinpterochiroptera and Yangochiroptera. While some traits apparently arose independently in two suborders (e.g., foliage-roosting, tent building, low intensity echolocation calls, noseleafs, nasal emission of echolocation calls, high duty cycle echolocation behaviour), others appear to have been ancestral (roosting in narrow spaces, laryngeal echolocation, stylohyal-tympanic contact, oral emission of echolocation calls, and small litter size). A narrow profile through the chest is typical of bats reflecting the thoracic skeleton. This feature suggests that the ancestors of bats spent the day in small crevices. Features associated with laryngeal echolocation appear to be ancestral, suggesting that echolocation evolved early in bats but was subsequently lost in one yinpterochiropteran lineage.

Nasalance Scores in Wearers of a Palatal Lift Prosthesis in Comparison with Normative Data for Japanese

2004 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 315-319 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takashi Tachimura ◽  
Yasuko Kotani ◽  
Takeshi Wada
Keyword(s):  
Cleft Palate ◽  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Normative Data ◽  
Normal Limits ◽  
Velopharyngeal Incompetence ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Velopharyngeal Function ◽  
Normative Score ◽  
Nasal Emission ◽  
Normal Controls

Objective This study was designed to examine whether nasalance score is changed in association with placement of a palatal lift prosthesis (PLP) and whether normative data previously reported are applicable to evaluate the effect of a PLP on velopharyngeal function as it relates to nasality. Design Nasalance scores were obtained as subjects read the Kitsutsuki Passage three times with the PLP in place and then removed. Participants Forty-three children (mean age 9.0 years, SD = 3.6 years) with repaired cleft palate who were treated with a PLP were selected as subjects. Their speech was characterized by nasal emission of air, slight hypernasality without a PLP but within normal limits with a PLP in place, or both. Main Outcome Measures Comparisons were made between normative scores and the average mean nasalance score of subjects with and without the PLP. Results Average values of the mean nasalance score for subjects were 17.3% (SD 7.6%) with the PLP in place and 33.5% (SD 13.3%) without the PLP in place. These scores were greater than the mean score of 9.1% (SD 3.9%) obtained from normal controls previously reported. Conclusion A PLP can decrease nasalance scores for speakers with repaired cleft palate who exhibit velopharyngeal incompetence. It was suggested that the normative score obtained from normal adult speakers is not applicable to evaluate the effect of a PLP to improve velopharyngeal function for children wearing the PLP.

Cooperative Service Delivery Between a University Clinic and a School System

1995 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 273-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dennis M. Ruscello ◽  
Diane Yanero ◽  
Mohssen Ghalichebaf
Keyword(s):  
Program Evaluation ◽  
Public School ◽  
Service Delivery ◽  
Treatment Program ◽  
School System ◽  
Public School System ◽  
Service Delivery Model ◽  
Delivery Model ◽  
The University ◽  
Nasal Emission

A cooperative service delivery model was developed between a university clinic and a public school system to evaluate and treat a child with phoneme-specific nasal emission. The youngster was diagnosed initially through the university clinic and a cooperative service delivery model was then developed between the clinic and school system. The rationale was to develop a treatment program that would enable the youngster to establish correct production in the university clinic and transfer production in a school treatment program. Evaluation data suggest that the service delivery model was successful.

Nasal-Emission and Nose leaves

2013 ◽  
pp. 71-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott C. Pedersen ◽  
Rolf Müller
Keyword(s):  
Nasal Emission

Understanding Nasal Emission During Speech Production: A Review of Types, Terminology, and Causality

2019 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liran Oren ◽  
Ann Kummer ◽  
Suzanne Boyce
Keyword(s):  
Speech Production ◽  
Pressure Sensitive ◽  
Abnormal Structure ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Nasal Emission

There are several different types of nasal emission that can occur during speech due to either velopharyngeal dysfunction or abnormal articulation in the pharynx. Nasal emission can be inaudible or very loud and distracting, depending on the size of the velopharyngeal opening and the physics of the flow. Nasal emission can be obligatory and/or compensatory (due to abnormal structure) or it can be caused by a misarticulation that results in a substitution of a pharyngeal sound for an oral sound, despite normal velopharyngeal structure. Nasal emission can occur on all pressure-sensitive phonemes or it can be phoneme-specific. Although it is generally recognized that the loud and distracting form of nasal emission (called nasal turbulence or nasal rustle) is due to a small velopharyngeal opening, the causality of the distracted sound is debated. This article provides a brief review of the types of nasal emission, the terms used to describe it, and the potential causes. This article also stresses the need for further research to clarify the causality of the sound generated by a small velopharyngeal opening.

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