Acute Carbohydrate Consumption Does Not Influence Resistance Exercise Performance during Energy Restriction

Renee A. Dalton; Janet Walberg Rankin; Don Sebolt; Frank Gwazdauskas

doi:10.1123/ijsn.9.4.319

Acute Carbohydrate Consumption Does Not Influence Resistance Exercise Performance during Energy Restriction

International Journal of Sport Nutrition ◽

10.1123/ijsn.9.4.319 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 9 (4) ◽

pp. 319-332 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Renee A. Dalton ◽

Janet Walberg Rankin ◽

Don Sebolt ◽

Frank Gwazdauskas

Keyword(s):

Resistance Exercise ◽

Performance Test ◽

Bench Press ◽

Exercise Bout ◽

Negative Energy ◽

Energy Restriction ◽

Leg Extension ◽

Carbohydrate Consumption ◽

Before And After ◽

Balance State

The effect of acute carbohydrate consumption on performance and metabolism of resistance-trained males was determined. Twenty-two subjects, assigned to either carbohydrate (C, n = 8), placebo (P, n - 8), or control (N, n = 6), performed standardized workouts every other day for a week prior to testing and throughout the testing period. Three of these workouts (Tl, T2, and T3) were the performance test in that the last bouts of leg extension and bench press were done to failure at 80% of 10 repetition maximum. A carbohydrate or placebo beverage was consumed 30 min prior to T3. Blood samples were drawn before and after T2 and T3. There was no effect of carbohydrate or energy restriction on number of repetitions done during the leg extension performance test. Carbohydrate intake prior to a resistance exercise bout done in negative energy balance state did not affect performance or evidence of muscle damage.

Download Full-text

Effects of Single versus Multiple Bouts of Resistance Training on Maximal Strength and Anaerobic Performance

Journal of Human Kinetics ◽

10.1515/hukin-2017-0122 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 62 (1) ◽

pp. 231-240 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Kai Shiau ◽

Te Hung Tsao ◽

Chang Bin Yang

Keyword(s):

Resistance Training ◽

Resistance Exercise ◽

Bench Press ◽

Upper Body ◽

Anaerobic Performance ◽

Maximal Strength ◽

Post Intervention ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Single Bout ◽

Before And After

Abstract This study examined the effects of one single bout daily versus triple bouts of resistance exercise for 12 weeks on muscular strength and anaerobic performance of the upper body. Twenty young male adults (age: 22.0 ± 1.0 years, bench press: 44.0 ± 10.3 kg) were randomly assigned to a single bout (SB) or triple bouts (TB) of resistance exercise group. Maximal strength and anaerobic performance of the upper body using the bench press (one-repetition maximum) and the modified 30 s Wingate test were determined before and after the intervention. Additionally, changes in lactate levels before and after the Wingate test were measured. Although the SB and TB groups showed a significant increase in maximal strength (post-intervention, SB: 67.2 ± 9.2 and TB: 67.6 ± 7.6 kg, respectively) compared with the values at pre-intervention (SB: 44.6 ± 11.4 and TB: 43.9 ± 8.7 kg, respectively), there was no significant difference for this variable between the two groups post-intervention (p > 0.05). The anaerobic performance of the upper body in the SB and TB groups also displayed improvements without significant difference between the two groups after the completion of different training regimes. On the basis of the same training volume, multiple bouts of resistance training showed similar improvements in maximal strength and anaerobic performance to one bout of resistance training in young adult men without prior experience in resistance training

Download Full-text

Oxygen Uptake On-Kinetics during Low-Intensity Resistance Exercise: Effect of Exercise Mode and Load

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph16142524 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 16 (14) ◽

pp. 2524 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Victor M. Reis ◽

Eduardo B. Neves ◽

Nuno Garrido ◽

Ana Sousa ◽

André L. Carneiro ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxygen Uptake ◽

Resistance Exercise ◽

Bench Press ◽

Slow Component ◽

Kinetics Parameters ◽

Leg Extension ◽

Low Intensity ◽

Vo2 Kinetics ◽

Exercise Effect ◽

Constant Work Rate

Oxygen uptake (VO2) kinetics has been analyzed through mathematical modeling of constant work-rate exercise, however, the exponential nature of the VO2 response in resistance exercise is currently unknown. The present work assessed the VO2 on-kinetics during two different sub maximal intensities in the inclined bench press and in the seated leg extension exercise. Twelve males (age: 27.2 ± 4.3 years, height: 177 ± 5 cm, body mass: 79.0 ± 10.6 kg and estimated body fat: 11.4 ± 4.1%) involved in recreational resistance exercise randomly performed 4-min transitions from rest to 12% and 24% of 1 repetition maximum each, of inclined bench press (45°) and leg extension exercises. During all testing, expired gases were collected breath-by-breath with a portable gas analyzer (K4b2, Cosmed, Italy) and VO2 on-kinetics were identified using a multi-exponential mathematical model. Leg extension exercise exhibited a higher R-square, compared with inclined bench press, but no differences were found in-between exercises for the VO2 kinetics parameters. VO2 on-kinetics seems to be more sensitive to muscle related parameters (upper vs. lower body exercise) and less to small load variations in the resistance exercise. The absence of a true slow component indicates that is possible to calculate low-intensity resistance exercise energy cost based solely on VO2 measurements.

Download Full-text

Rapid increase in plasma growth hormone after low-intensity resistance exercise with vascular occlusion

Journal of Applied Physiology ◽

10.1152/jappl.2000.88.1.61 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 88 (1) ◽

pp. 61-65 ◽

Cited By ~ 318

Author(s):

Yudai Takarada ◽

Yutaka Nakamura ◽

Seiji Aruga ◽

Tetuya Onda ◽

Seiji Miyazaki ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Growth Hormone ◽

Resistance Exercise ◽

Inflammatory Responses ◽

Plasma Concentrations ◽

Lipid Peroxide ◽

Vascular Occlusion ◽

Plasma Growth Hormone ◽

Leg Extension ◽

Low Intensity ◽

Before And After

Hormonal and inflammatory responses to low-intensity resistance exercise with vascular occlusion were studied. Subjects ( n = 6) performed bilateral leg extension exercise in the seated position, with the proximal end of their thigh compressed at 214 ± 7.7 (SE) mmHg throughout the session of exercise by means of a pressure tourniquet. Mean intensity and quantity of the exercise were 20% of 1 repetition maximum and 14 repetitions × 5 sets, respectively. In each set, the subjects repeated the movement until exhaustion. Plasma concentrations of growth hormone (GH), norepinephrine (NE), lacate (La), lipid peroxide (LP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and activity of creatine phosphokinase (CPK) were measured before and after the exercise was finished and the tourniquet was released. Concentrations of GH, NE, and La consistently showed marked, transient increases after the exercise with occlusion, whereas they did not change a great deal after the exercise without occlusion (control) done at the same intensity and quantity. Notably, concentration of GH reached a level ∼290 times as high as that of the resting level 15 min after the exercise. IL-6 concentration showed a much more gradual increase and was maintained at a slightly higher level than in the control even 24 h after exercise. Concentrations of LP and CPK showed no significant change. The results suggest that extremely light resistance exercise combined with occlusion greatly stimulates the secretion of GH through regional accumulation of metabolites without considerable tissue damage.

Download Full-text

Effect of consecutive repeated sprint and resistance exercise bouts on acute adaptive responses in human skeletal muscle

AJP Regulatory Integrative and Comparative Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajpregu.00351.2009 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 297 (5) ◽

pp. R1441-R1451 ◽

Cited By ~ 62

Author(s):

Vernon G. Coffey ◽

Bozena Jemiolo ◽

Johann Edge ◽

Andrew P. Garnham ◽

Scott W. Trappe ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Resistance Exercise ◽

Acute Exercise ◽

Vastus Lateralis ◽

Ring Finger ◽

Exercise Bout ◽

Induced Response ◽

Repeated Sprints ◽

Leg Extension ◽

Repeated Sprint

We examined acute molecular responses in skeletal muscle to repeated sprint and resistance exercise bouts. Six men [age, 24.7 ± 6.3 yr; body mass, 81.6 ± 7.3 kg; peak oxygen uptake, 47 ± 9.9 ml·kg−1·min−1; one repetition maximum (1-RM) leg extension 92.2 ± 12.5 kg; means ± SD] were randomly assigned to trials consisting of either resistance exercise (8 × 5 leg extension, 80% 1-RM) followed by repeated sprints (10 × 6 s, 0.75 N·m torque·kg−1) or vice-versa. Muscle biopsies from vastus lateralis were obtained at rest, 15 min after each exercise bout, and following 3-h recovery to determine early signaling and mRNA responses. There was divergent exercise order-dependent phosphorylation of p70 S6K (S6K). Specifically, initial resistance exercise increased S6K phosphorylation (∼75% P < 0.05), but there was no effect when resistance exercise was undertaken after sprints. Exercise decreased IGF-I mRNA following 3-h recovery (∼50%, P = 0.06) independent of order, while muscle RING finger mRNA was elevated with a moderate exercise order effect ( P < 0.01). When resistance exercise was followed by repeated sprints PGC-1α mRNA was increased (REX1-SPR2; P = 0.02) with a modest distinction between exercise orders. Repeated sprints may promote acute interference on resistance exercise responses by attenuating translation initiation signaling and exacerbating ubiquitin ligase expression. Indeed, repeated sprints appear to generate the overriding acute exercise-induced response when undertaking concurrent repeated sprint and resistance exercise. Accordingly, we suggest that sprint-activities are isolated from resistance training and that adequate recovery time is considered within periodized training plans that incorporate these divergent exercise modes.

Download Full-text

The Expression of Androgen-Regulated Genes Before and After a Resistance Exercise Bout in Younger and Older Men

The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research ◽

10.1519/jsc.0b013e3181a59bdd ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 23 (4) ◽

pp. 1060-1067 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Michael D Roberts ◽

Vincent J Dalbo ◽

Scott E Hassell ◽

Chad M Kerksick

Keyword(s):

Resistance Exercise ◽

Exercise Bout ◽

Older Men ◽

Before And After

Download Full-text

No effect of creatine supplementation on human myofibrillar and sarcoplasmic protein synthesis after resistance exercise

AJP Endocrinology and Metabolism ◽

10.1152/ajpendo.00195.2003 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 285 (5) ◽

pp. E1089-E1094 ◽

Cited By ~ 58

Author(s):

Magali Louis ◽

Jacques R. Poortmans ◽

Marc Francaux ◽

Jacques Berré ◽

Nathalie Boisseau ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Resistance Exercise ◽

Muscle Hypertrophy ◽

Muscle Protein ◽

Creatine Supplementation ◽

Quadriceps Muscle ◽

Anabolic Effect ◽

Leg Extension ◽

Sarcoplasmic Protein ◽

Before And After ◽

Total Creatine

Muscle hypertrophy during resistance training is reportedly increased by creatine supplementation. Having previously failed to find an anabolic effect on muscle protein turnover at rest, either fed or fasted, we have now examined the possibility of a stimulatory effect of creatine in conjunction with acute resistance exercise. Seven healthy men (body mass index, 23 ± 2 kg/m2, 21 ± 1 yr, means ± SE) performed 20 × 10 repetitions of leg extension-flexion at 75% one-repetition maximum in one leg, on two occasions, 4 wk apart, before and after ingesting 21 g/day creatine for 5 days. The subjects ate ∼21 g maltodextrin + 6 g protein/h for 3 h postexercise. We measured incorporation of [1-13C]leucine into quadriceps muscle proteins in the rested and exercised legs. Leg protein breakdown (as dilution of [2H5]phenylalanine) was also assessed in the exercised and rested leg postexercise. Creatine supplementation increased muscle total creatine by ∼21% ( P < 0.01). Exercise increased the synthetic rates of myofibrillar and sarcoplasmic proteins by two- to threefold ( P < 0.05), and leg phenylalanine balance became more positive, but creatine was without any anabolic effect.

Download Full-text

Effects of β-Hydroxy-β-Methylbutyrate Supplementation on IL-4, IL-10 and TGF-β1 during Resistance Exercise in Athletes

10.20944/preprints201705.0165.v1 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Rahman Rahimi ◽

Hamid Shoker Nejad

Keyword(s):

Resistance Exercise ◽

Repeated Measures ◽

Bench Press ◽

Serum Concentrations ◽

Double Blind ◽

Acute Bout ◽

Leg Extension ◽

Time Points ◽

Repeated Measures Analysis ◽

Post Hoc

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of β-Hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HMB) supplementation on anti-inflammatory cytokines including IL-4, IL-10 and TGF-β during an acute bout of resistance exercise (RE) in young resistance trained men. Ten resistance-trained men in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled and crossover study, were administered a 7-day HMB supplementation (3×1 g.d-1 of HMB) and placebo (3×1 g.d-1 of Maltodextrin) with a 7 days washout period. After supplementation periods, subjects performed three sets of bench press, lat pull down, leg extension, leg curl, biceps curl, triceps curl and shoulder press to failure with 85% of one repetition to maximum (1RM). Blood samples were obtained before- (Pre), immediately post- (IP) and 1 hour-post RE (1h P) to assess serum concentrations of IL-4, IL-10 and TGF-β1. The data were analyzed using 2 (treatment: HMB and PL) × 3 (time points: Pre, IP and 1hP) repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by the Bonferroni post hoc test with a significant level of p<0.05. Serum IL-4 was significantly higher at IP resistance exercise in HMB compared to placebo. Circulating IL-4 and TGF-β1 were significantly raised at IP compared to Pre in both HMB and placebo treatments. No significant differences between treatments were observed for IL-10 and TGF-β1at any time points. In conclusion, HMB supplementation increased the circulating level of IL-4 during RE in resistance-trained men, which may attenuate inflammation and facilitate adaptation to RE.

Download Full-text

Acute effect of resistance exercise performed at different intensities on the hemodynamics of normotensive men

Motricidade ◽

10.6063/motricidade.6020 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 60 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Mauricio Assis Saldanha ◽

José Vilaça-Alves ◽

Gabriel Rodrigues Neto ◽

Jefferson Da Silva Novaes ◽

Francisco Saavedra ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Resistance Exercise ◽

Bench Press ◽

Acute Effect ◽

Double Product ◽

Post Exercise ◽

Leg Extension ◽

Minute Post ◽

Leg Flexion ◽

Experimental Protocols

The aim of this study was to investigate the acute effect of resistance exercise performed at different intensities on the hemodynamics of normotensive men. The study included 10 normotensive and recreationally-trained men (25.40 ± 6.90 years) performed the following three experimental protocols in a randomized order: a) 60% of 8RM; b) 80% of 8RM; c) 100% of 8RM. All protocols performed six exercises (Leg Press, Vertical Bench Press, Leg Flexion, Close-Grip Seated Row, Leg Extension and Shoulder Press) with three sets of eight repetitions for each exercise. Systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), heart rate (HR) and double product (DP) were measured at rest, at the end of exercise and during the 60-minute post-exercise. The findings showed that there was a significant reduction in the faster SBP with a longer duration (p< 0.0001) for the 100% of 8RM intensity, but without significant decreases in DBP for all intensities (p> 0.05). There were significantly higher elevations in HR and DP for 100% of 8RM at all times (p<0.0001). We conclude that high intensities (100% of 8RM) promote post-exercise hypotension with faster responses and greater duration and increase HR and DP in normotensive men.

Download Full-text