The Effect of Active Physical Training Interventions on Reactive Postural Responses in Older Adults: A Systematic Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 252-264
Author(s):  
Brian M. Moore ◽  
Joseph T. Adams ◽  
Sallie Willcox ◽  
Joseph Nicholson
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Physical Training ◽  
Training Interventions ◽  
Postural Responses

scholarly journals Effects of Different Training Interventions on Heart Rate Variability and Cardiovascular Health and Risk Factors in Young and Middle-Aged Adults: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernhard Grässler ◽  
Beatrice Thielmann ◽  
Irina Böckelmann ◽  
Anita Hökelmann
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Physical Training ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Training Interventions

Introduction: Heart rate variability (HRV), the beat-to-beat variation of adjacent heartbeats, is an indicator of the function of the autonomic nervous system (ANS). Increased HRV reflects well-functioning of autonomic control mechanism and cardiovascular health. The aim of this systematic review is to provide a systematic overview of the effects of different physical training modalities on resting HRV and cardiovascular health and risk factors (i.e., baroreflex sensitivity, body fat, body mass, body mass index, blood pressure, heart rate recovery, VO2 max, and VO2 peak) in young and middle-aged (mean age of the studies samples up to 44 years), healthy adults.Methods: A systematic review in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines was performed. Studies investigating the effects of different physical interventions (endurance, resistance, high-intensity, coordinative, or multimodal training) on HRV were included. Trials were considered eligible if the intervention lasted for at least 4 weeks and participants were regarded as general healthy. Five electronic databases were searched from 2005 to September 8th, 2020. The methodological quality of eligible studies was assessed by two study quality and reporting assessment scales (TESTEX and STARDHRV). PROSPERO registration number: CRD42020206606.Results: Of 3,991 retrieved records, 26 were considered eligible and analyzed. Twelve studies used an endurance training (of which three included high-intensity sessions), six studies resistance training, four studies coordinative training, two studies high-intensity training, and two studies used a multimodal intervention. Overall, the results showed for all types of intervention an improvement in linear and non-linear HRV parameters and cardiovascular health and risk factors. However, quality assessment revealed some methodological and reporting deficits.Conclusion: This systematic review highlights the benefits of different types of physical training interventions on autonomic function and health parameters in young and middle-aged, healthy adults. In conclusion, higher training intensities and frequencies are more likely to improve HRV. For future studies, we recommend adhering to the criteria of methodological standards of exercise interventions and HRV measurements and encourage the use of non-linear HRV parameters.

scholarly journals The Effectiveness of Exercise Interventions for the Management of Frailty: A Systematic Review

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga Theou ◽  
Liza Stathokostas ◽  
Kaitlyn P. Roland ◽  
Jennifer M. Jakobi ◽  
Christopher Patterson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Exercise Program ◽  
Exercise Programs ◽  
Healthy Older Adults ◽  
Exercise Interventions ◽  
Frail Older Adults ◽  
Training Interventions ◽  
Definition Of

This systematic review examines the effectiveness of current exercise interventions for the management of frailty. Eight electronic databases were searched for randomized controlled trials that identified their participants as “frail” either in the title, abstract, and/or text and included exercise as an independent component of the intervention. Three of the 47 included studies utilized a validated definition of frailty to categorize participants. Emerging evidence suggests that exercise has a positive impact on some physical determinants and on all functional ability outcomes reported in this systematic review. Exercise programs that optimize the health of frail older adults seem to be different from those recommended for healthy older adults. There was a paucity of evidence to characterize the most beneficial exercise program for this population. However, multicomponent training interventions, of long duration (≥5 months), performed three times per week, for 30–45 minutes per session, generally had superior outcomes than other exercise programs. In conclusion, structured exercise training seems to have a positive impact on frail older adults and may be used for the management of frailty.

scholarly journals Flexibility Training and Functional Ability in Older Adults: A Systematic Review

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liza Stathokostas ◽  
Robert M. D. Little ◽  
A. A. Vandervoort ◽  
Donald H. Paterson
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Functional Ability ◽  
Functional Outcomes ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Functional Abilities ◽  
Exercise Interventions ◽  
Training Interventions ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Flexibility Training

Background. As indicated in a recent systematic review relating to Canada’s Physical Activity Guidelines for Older Adults, exercise interventions in older adults can maintain or improve functional abilities. Less is known about the role of flexibility in the maintenance or improvement of functional abilities, and there currently does not exist a synthesis of the literature supporting a consensus on flexibility training prescription.Purpose. To systematically review the effects of flexibility-specific training interventions on measures of functional outcomes in healthy older adults over the age of 65 years.Methods. Five electronic databases were searched for intervention studies involving concepts related to aging, flexibility, functional outcomes, and training interventions. After evaluating the articles for relevance, 22 studies were considered.Results. The results suggested that while flexibility-specific interventions may have effects on range of motion (ROM) outcomes, there is conflicting information regarding both the relationship between flexibility interventions and functional outcomes or daily functioning.Conclusions. Due to the wide range of intervention protocols, body parts studied, and functional measurements, conclusive recommendations regarding flexibility training for older adults or the validity of flexibility training interventions as supplements to other forms of exercise, or as significant positive influences on functional ability, require further investigation.

scholarly journals A Systematic review of smartphone and tablet use by older adults with and without cognitive impairment

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samantha A Wilson ◽  
Paula Byrne ◽  
Sarah E Rodgers ◽  
Michelle Maden
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Digital Literacy ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Tablet Devices ◽  
Memory Aids ◽  
Training Interventions ◽  
Before And After

Abstract Background and Objectives A systematic review was conducted to explore the use of smartphones and tablet computers as cognitive and memory aids by older adults with and without cognitive impairment, specifically the effects of smartphone and tablet use on participants’ cognition and memory, and the barriers to facilitators to smartphone and tablet use for cognitive and memory support. Research Design and Methods A systematic search of six key databases found 11,895 citations published between 2010 and 2021. Studies were included if they involved community-dwelling older adults with or without cognitive impairment arising from acquired brain injury, mild cognitive impairment, or dementia, and if they evaluated everyday smartphone or tablet device use for cognition, memory, or activities of daily living. Results A total of 28 papers were included in the narrative synthesis. There was some evidence that the use of smartphones and tablets could aid cognitive function in older adults without cognitive impairment, particularly executive function and processing speed. There was modest evidence that smartphone and tablet use could support memory in both older adults without cognitive impairment and those with acquired bran injury and dementia. Discussion and Implications Smartphones and tablets were seen by users as acceptable, enjoyable, and non-stigmatising alternatives to conventional assistive technology devices; however, current use of smartphone and tablet devices is hindered by the digital literacy of older adults, a lack of accommodation for older adult users’ motor and sensory impairments, and a lack of input from clinicians and researchers. Much of the evidence presented in this review derives from case studies and small-scale trials of smartphone and tablet training interventions. Further research is needed into older adults’ use of smartphones and tablets for cognitive support before and after the onset of cognitive impairment in order to develop effective evidence-based smart technology cognition and memory aids.

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