Comparisons of Static and Dynamic Balance Following Training in Aquatic and Land Environments

2006 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 299-311 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aimee E. Roth ◽  
Michael G. Miller ◽  
Marc Ricard ◽  
Donna Ritenour ◽  
Brenda L. Chapman
Keyword(s):  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Dynamic Balance ◽  
Balance Training ◽  
Aquatic Environments ◽  
Repeated Measures Design ◽  
Time Interaction ◽  
Type Design ◽  
Post Test

Context:It has been theorized that aquatic balance training differs from land balance training.Objective:To compare the effects of balance training in aquatic and land environments.Design:Between-groups, repeated-measures design.Setting:Biomechanics laboratory and pool.Participants:24 healthy subjects randomly assigned to aquatic (n = 8), land (n = 10), or control (n = 6) groups.Intervention:Four weeks of balance training.Main Outcome Measures:Balance was measured (pre, mid, post, follow-up). COP variables: radial area, y range, x range in single leg (SL), tandem (T), single leg foam (SLF), and tandem form (TF) stance.Results:A significant condition × time interaction for x range was found, with improvements for SL, SLF, and TF. Radial area improved, with post-test 1.01 ± .23 cm2and follow-up 1.06 ± .18 cm2significantly lower than pretest 1.18 ± .23 cm2. Y range significantly improved, with posttest (4.69 ± 1.02 cm2) lower than pretest (5.89 ± 1.26 cm2). The foam conditions (SLF & TF) were significantly different from non-foam conditions (SL & T) for all variables.Conclusions:Results of this study show that balance training can effectively be performed in both land and aquatic environments.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of nonviolent communication (NVC) workshop on marital adjustment

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-75
Author(s):  
Shaheen Islam ◽  
Roufun Naher
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Marital Adjustment ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Nonviolent Communication ◽  
Repeated Measures Design ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Experimental Group

The present study examined the effectiveness of nonviolent communication (NVC) workshop on marital adjustment. The hypothesis was receiving nonviolent communication (NVC) workshop has positive impact on marital adjustment. The independent variable was NVC workshop and the dependent variable was marital adjustment score. For conducting this research, repeated measures design was followed and 20 Bangladeshi married people participated in it. The results have shown that there was a statistically significant difference (F = 16.790, p < 0.05) in marital adjustment score of experimental group over the three time periods and pairwise comparisons indicate that there was significant difference between pretest and post-test and also between pretest and follow- up test at the 0.05 level. Results also have shown that, there was statistically significant difference of marital adjustment score between experimental and control group in posttest (t = 4.276, p < 0.05) and follow-up test (t = 4.176, p < 0.05). Thus, after receiving NVC workshop the marital adjustment score of experimental group increased significantly (F = 16.79, p < 0.001) in post-test measure and also remain constant in follow-up, whereas the marital adjustment score of control group had no significant change. This implied a significant positive impact of participation in NVC workshop on marital adjustment. Dhaka Univ. J. Biol. Sci. 26(1): 69-75, 2017 (January)

Effects of a 4-Week Dynamic-Balance-Training Program Supplemented With Graston Instrument-Assisted Soft-Tissue Mobilization for Chronic Ankle Instability

2012 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 313-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica L. Schaefer ◽  
Michelle A. Sandrey
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Postural Control ◽  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Ankle Instability ◽  
Dynamic Balance ◽  
Plantar Flexion ◽  
Balance Training ◽  
Chronic Ankle Instability ◽  
Soft Tissue Mobilization

Context:A dynamic-balance-training (DBT) program supplemented with the Graston instrument-assisted soft-tissue mobilization (GISTM) technique has not been evaluated collectively as a treatment in subjects with chronic ankle instability (CAI).Objective:To examine the effects of GISTM in conjunction with a DBT program on outcomes associated with CAI, including pain and disability, range of motion (ROM), and dynamic postural control.Design:Pretest/posttest, repeated measures.Setting:High school and a Division I mid-Atlantic university.Participants:Thirty-six healthy, physically active individuals (5 female, 31 male; age 17.7 ± 1.9 y; height 175.3 ± 14.6 cm) with a history of CAI as determined by an ankle-instability questionnaire volunteered to be in this study.Interventions:Subjects were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 intervention groups: both treatments (DBT/GISTM, n = 13), DBT and a sham GISTM treatment (DBT/GISTM-S, n = 12), or DBT and control—no GISTM (DBT/C, n = 11). All groups participated in a 4-wk DBT program consisting of low-impact and dynamic activities that was progressed from week to week. The DBT/GISTM and DBT/GISTM-S groups received the GISTM treatment or sham treatment twice a week for 8 min before performing the DBT program. Pretest and posttest measurements included the Foot and Ankle Ability Measure (FAAM), FAAM Sport, the visual analog scale (VAS), ankle ROM in 4 directions, and the Star Excursion Balance Test (SEBT) in 3 directions.Main Outcome Measures:FAAM and FAAM-Sport scores, VAS, goniometric ROM (plantar flexion, dorsiflexion, inversion, eversion), and SEBT (anterior, posteromedial, posterolateral).Results:Subjects in all groups posttest demonstrated an increase in FAAM, FAAM Sport, ROM, and SEBT in all directions but not in VAS, which decreased. No other results were significant.Conclusion:For subjects with CAI, dynamic postural control, ROM, pain and disability improved pretest to posttest regardless of group membership, with the largest effects found in most measures in the DBT/GISTM group.

scholarly journals Long-term trajectory of cognitive performance in people with bipolar disorder and controls: 6-year longitudinal study

BJPsych Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Timea Sparding ◽  
Erik Joas ◽  
Caitlin Clements ◽  
Carl M. Sellgren ◽  
Erik Pålsson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Cognitive Functioning ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Cognitive Test ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Time Interaction

Background Cross-sectional studies have found impaired cognitive functioning in patients with bipolar disorder, but long-term longitudinal studies are scarce. Aims The aims of this study were to examine the 6-year longitudinal course of cognitive functioning in patients with bipolar disorder and healthy controls. Subsets of patients were examined to investigate possible differences in cognitive trajectories. Method Patients with bipolar I disorder (n = 44) or bipolar II disorder (n = 28) and healthy controls (n = 59) were tested with a comprehensive cognitive test battery at baseline and retested after 6 years. We conducted repeated measures ANCOVAs with group as a between-subject factor and tested the significance of group and time interaction. Results By and large, the change in cognitive functioning between baseline and follow-up did not differ significantly between participants with bipolar disorder and healthy controls. Comparing subsets of patients, for example those with bipolar I and II disorder and those with and without manic episodes during follow-up, did not reveal subgroups more vulnerable to cognitive decline. Conclusions Cognitive performance remained stable in patients with bipolar disorder over a 6-year period and evolved similarly to healthy controls. These findings argue against the notion of a general progressive decline in cognitive functioning in bipolar disorder.

A Treatment-Based Classification Algorithm to Treat Achilles Tendinopathy: An Exploratory Case Series

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 260-268
Author(s):  
Patti Syvertson ◽  
Emily Dietz ◽  
Monica Matocha ◽  
Janet McMurray ◽  
Russell Baker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Numeric Rating Scale ◽  
Achilles Tendinopathy ◽  
Global Rating ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Indirect Treatment

Context:Achilles tendinopathy is relatively common in both the general and athletic populations. The current gold standard for the treatment of Achilles tendinopathy is eccentric exercise, which can be painful and time consuming. While there is limited research on indirect treatment approaches, it has been proposed that tendinopathy patients do respond to indirect approaches in fewer treatments without provoking pain.Objective:To determine the effectiveness of using a treatment-based-classification (TBC) algorithm as a strategy for classifying and treating patients diagnosed with Achilles tendinopathy.Participants:11 subjects (mean age 28.0 ±15.37 y) diagnosed with Achilles tendinopathy.Design:Case series.Setting:Participants were evaluated, diagnosed, and treated at multiple clinics.Main Outcome Measures:Numeric Rating Scale (NRS), Disablement in the Physically Active Scale (DPA Scale), Victorian Institute of Sport Assessment–Achilles (VISA-A), Global Rating of Change (GRC), and Nirschl Phase Rating Scale were recorded to establish baseline scores and evaluate participant progress.Results:A repeated-measures ANOVA was conducted to analyze NRS scores from initial exam to discharge and at 1-mo follow-up. Paired t tests were analyzed to determine the effectiveness of using a TBC algorithm from initial exam to discharge on the DPA Scale and VISA-A. Descriptive statistics were evaluated to determine outcomes as reported on the GRC.Conclusion:The results of this case series provide evidence that using a TBC algorithm can improve function while decreasing pain and disability in Achilles tendinopathy participants.

Abstract P263: The Associations of Epithelial Sodium Channel Genes with Blood Pressure Changes and Hypertension Incidence: the GenSalt Study

Circulation ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 129 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanika N Kelly ◽  
Xueli Yang ◽  
Dabeeru C Rao ◽  
Dongfeng Gu ◽  
James E Hixson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Models ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Multiple Testing ◽  
Han Chinese ◽  
Time Interaction ◽  
False Discovery ◽  
Pressure Changes ◽  
Multiple Variants ◽  
Baseline Examination

We examined the associations of common variants in ENaC genes with BP changes and hypertension incidence in a longitudinal family study. A total of 2755 Han Chinese participants of the Genetic Epidemiology Network of Salt Sensitivity (GenSalt) baseline examination were eligible for the current study. The average of nine BP measurements obtained using a random-zero sphygmomanometer at the baseline and each of two follow-up visits were used for the current analysis. The associations of 43 tag-SNPs in ENaC genes with BP changes and hypertension incidence were assessed using mixed models to account for the correlations of repeated measures among individuals and within families. A genotype by time interaction term was used to model differences in BP change according to genotype over time. The false discovery rate (FDR) method was used to adjust for multiple testing. During an average of 7.4 years follow-up, systolic BP (SBP) and diastolic BP (DBP) increased, and approximately 33% of participants developed hypertension. Multiple variants in ENaC genes were significantly associated with longitudinal changes in SBP after adjustment for multiple testing, including SCNN1A SNP rs11064153 ( P interaction = 5.8х10 -4 ; FDR-Q = 0.01); SCNN1G SNPs rs4299163 ( P interaction = 0.011; FDR-Q = 0.05) and rs4401050 ( P interaction = 0.001; FDR-Q = 0.01); and SCNN1B SNP rs1004749 ( P interaction = 0.006; FDR-Q = 0.03). Similar but not significant trends were observed for the associations between both rs11064153 and rs4401050 and DBP changes ( P interaction = 0.024 and 0.005, respectively; FDR-Q = 0.41 and 0.17, respectively) and between rs11604153 and hypertension incidence ( P = 0.017; FDR-Q = 0.19). Our findings indicate that ENaC genes may contribute to longitudinal BP changes in the Han Chinese population. Replication of these findings is warranted.

Postural control and risk of falling in people who are blind: The effect and durability of perturbation and vestibular exercises

2022 ◽  
pp. 026461962110673
Author(s):  
Yousof Moghadas Tabrizi ◽  
Mohammad Hani Mansori ◽  
Mohammad Karimizadeh Ardakani
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Dynamic Balance ◽  
Somatosensory System ◽  
Exercise Group ◽  
Risk Of Falling ◽  
Balance System ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Falling Risk

The aim of this study was to compare the effect and durability of perturbation and vestibular exercises on balance and the risk of falling in people with visual impairment (VI). Thirty-six men with VI were divided into three groups, including a control and two experimental (perturbation and vestibular) groups. The experimental groups performed perturbation and vestibular exercises for 4 weeks and three sessions per week. Biodex balance system was used to assess balance and falling risk before and after training interventions. To evaluate the effects within and between groups at three levels of measurement: pre-test, post-test, and durability effect between three groups, repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) and one-way ANOVA were used. Repeated measures ANOVA test showed that both experimental groups showed significant improvements in static balance, dynamic balance, and falling risk. In comparison between the groups, the results showed that in the post-test and durability stages, there was a significant difference between the groups and the perturbation exercise group had a greater effect on the dependent variables. Due to the effectiveness of exercises, it is recommended that people with VI pay attention to balance-based perturbation exercises to strengthen the somatosensory system and vestibular exercises to strengthen the vestibular system.

A Combination of Constraint-Induced Therapy and Motor Control Retraining in the Treatment of Focal Hand Dystonia in Musicians: A Long-term Follow-up Study

2013 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrice Berque ◽  
Heather Gray ◽  
Angus McFadyen
Keyword(s):  
Motor Control ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Motor Disorder ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Focal Hand Dystonia ◽  
Repeated Measures Design ◽  
Abnormal Movements ◽  
Hand Dystonia

Focal hand dystonia (FHD) in musicians is a painless, task-specific motor disorder characterized by involuntary loss of control of individual finger movements. The aim of this study was to investigate the long-term effects of a combined behavioral therapy intervention aimed at normalizing finger movement patterns. METHODS: Eight musicians with FHD had taken part in the 1-year study involving intensive constraint-induced therapy and motor control retraining at slow speed as the interventions. Four of these subjects volunteered to take part in this 4-year follow-up. A quasi-experimental, repeated measures design was used, with 9 testing sessions over 4 years. Video recordings of the subjects playing two pieces were used for data analysis. The Frequency of Abnormal Movements scale (FAM) was the main outcome measure. It was hypothesized that there would be significant differences in FAM scores achieved over the 4-year period. RESULTS: The results from the ANOVA revealed a significant decrease, by approximately 80%, in the number of abnormal movements for both pieces over the 4-year period (F=7.85, df=8, p<0.001). Tukey’s post-hoc test revealed that significant improvements occurred after 6 months of therapy (p-values between p<0.001 and p=0.044). Although the results were not significant between month 12 and follow-up at year 4, the trend revealed that the progress achieved during the first year of intensive retraining was maintained at year 4. CONCLUSIONS: A 1-year period of intensive task-specific retraining may be a successful strategy with long-term, lasting effects for the treatment of musician’s FHD. Results suggest that retraining strategies may need to be carried out for at least 6 months before statistically significant changes are noted.

scholarly journals Imagery rescripting in non-clinical paranoia: a pilot study of the impact on key cognitive and affective processes

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine Newman-Taylor ◽  
Pamela McSherry ◽  
Lusia Stopa
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Traumatic Memories ◽  
Repeated Measures Design ◽  
Affective Processes ◽  
Imagery Rescripting ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Memory Characteristics

AbstractBackground:Paranoia is often accompanied by distressing intrusions associated with traumatic memories, yet one of the best-evidenced interventions, imagery rescripting (IR), is not routinely offered. This is likely to be due to poor understanding of the effects of IR on postulated mechanisms of change as well as the absence of a robust evidence base.Aims:This study aimed to establish proof of principle that IR impacts key cognitive-affective processes associated with distressing intrusions – memory characteristics and self-representations – and level of paranoia.Method:We used a within-subject repeated measures design to examine the effect of single-session IR on memory characteristics (level of intrusions, vividness, distress, encapsulated belief strength, emotion intensity and frequency), self-representation variables, affect and paranoia. Fifteen participants were seen once before and once after the IR session, to gather baseline and follow-up data.Results:As predicted, participants reported reductions in memory characteristics, improved self-esteem and positive affect, and reduced negative affect and paranoia, with large effect sizes. These effects were maintained at follow-up.Conclusions:While a within-subject design is useful for initial exploration of novel interventions, controlled studies are needed to determine causality. This is the first study to examine mechanisms of IR in paranoia. A controlled trial is now warranted.

Comparison of Training between 2 Cycle Ergometers on Dynamic Balance for Middle-Aged Women

2009 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 316-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucinda E. Bouillon ◽  
Douglas K. Sklenka ◽  
Amy C. Driver
Keyword(s):  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Dynamic Balance ◽  
Step Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Timed Up And Go ◽  
Balance Tests ◽  
Cycle Training ◽  
Cycle Group

Context:Interval cycle training could positively influence dynamic balance in middle-aged women.Objective:To compare training effects of a strength ergometer and a standard ergometer on 3 dynamic balance tests.Design:Repeated measures.Setting:Laboratory.Participants:Seventeen women were randomly assigned to standard (n = 10) or strength cycle ergometry (n = 7). A control group consisted of 7 women.Intervention:Ergometry interval training (3 sessions/wk for 4 wk).Main Outcome Measures:Three balance tests—the Star Excursion Balance Test (SEBT), timed up-and-go (TUG), and four-square step test (FSST)—were performed at pretraining and 4 wk posttraining.Results:Four SEBT directions improved and faster scores for FSST and TUG tests for the standard-cycle group were found, whereas the strength-cycle group only improved their TUG scores. No changes posttraining for the control group.Conclusions:Stationary cycle training should be included in the dynamic balance-rehabilitation protocol for middle-aged women.

Functional Effects of Inertial Training of the Upper Extremity

2003 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 229-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Todd A. McLoda ◽  
Kate M. Murphy ◽  
Steve Davison
Keyword(s):  
Upper Extremity ◽  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Biceps Brachii ◽  
Exercise Group ◽  
Emg Activity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
Time Interaction ◽  
Size Groups

Context:Inertial training of the shoulder.Objective:To determine the differences of functional and EMG measures between a control group and an exercise group of overhead throwers.Design:Repeated measures.Setting:Research laboratory.Participants:17 intercollegiate baseball players and 19 intercollegiate softball players divided into 2 equal-size groups, control and exercise.Main Outcome Measures:Preliminary data were recorded, including throwing velocity, throwing accuracy, and EMG activity of the biceps brachii, upper pectorals, and posterior deltoid. The exercise group completed a 4-week training regimen on the Impulse Inertial Trainer. All participants returned for follow-up measures.Results:No significant group-by-time interaction occurred relative to ball velocity, accuracy, or EMG activity.Conclusion:For experienced throwers, functional measures and muscle activity during throwing were not affected by inertial training of the upper extremity.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document