Sit-to-Stand Muscular Activity for Different Seat Backrest Inclination Levels and Execution Speeds

Motor Control ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 527-542
Author(s):  
Nadège Tebbache ◽  
Alain Hamaoui
Keyword(s):  
Muscular Activity ◽  
Surface Emg ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Trunk Flexion ◽  
Sit To Stand ◽  
Maximal Speed ◽  
Execution Speed ◽  
Increased Activity

The sit-to-stand transfer can be separated into a postural phase (trunk flexion) and a focal phase (whole-body extension). The aim of this study was to analyze the as yet little known whole-body muscular activity characterizing each phase of this task and its variations with backrest inclination and execution speed. Fifteen muscles of the trunk and lower limbs of 10 participants were investigated using surface EMG. Results showed that backrest-induced modifications were mostly confined to the postural phase: reclining the backrest increased its duration and the activity level of the sternocleidomastoideus, the rectus and obliquus externus abdominis, and the semitendinosus. Speed-induced variations were also predominant during the postural phase, which was shortened with an increased activity of most muscles at maximal speed.

scholarly journals Effect of Seat Backrest Inclination on the Muscular Pattern and Biomechanical Parameters of the Sit-to-Stand

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadège Tebbache ◽  
Alain Hamaoui
Keyword(s):  
Kinematic Chain ◽  
The Body ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Upper Body ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Phase Duration ◽  
Sit To Stand ◽  
Biomechanical Parameters

Objectives: The sit-to-stand (STS) transfer mobilizes an extended part of the kinematic chain throughout a postural phase characterized by a flexion of the trunk and a focal phase consisting of a whole-body extension. The aim of this study was to analyze the variations of the global muscular pattern and the biomechanical parameters in both phases, in relation with seat backrest inclination.Methods: Fifteen participants were asked to stand up from a seat with 5 backrest inclination settings and at 2 execution speeds. The ground reaction forces and the activity levels of fifteen muscles of the trunk and lower limbs were investigated.Results: Backrest-induced modifications were mainly observed in the postural phase: inclining the backrest backward increased the phase duration and the activity level of the sternocleidomastoideus and the rectus abdominis, while it reduced the activity of the tibialis anterior. It also allowed for an increased maximal anteroposterior velocity of the body center of mass. Higher execution speed led to increased and earlier muscular activities of many trunk and lower limbs muscles, predominantly in the postural phase.Discussion: Taken together, these results suggest that a greater backrest inclination increases the demand in the postural phase due to the increase of the upper body gravity torque about the ischial tuberosities, and requires an adaptation of muscular activity levels and timing, but with the same overall pattern. The kinetic energy gained during the longer excursion of the trunk may also require less activation of the lower limbs muscles involved in the generation of propulsive forces of the body.

Influence of Position and Power Output on Upper Limb Kinetics in Cycling

2016 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 140-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antony Costes ◽  
Nicolas A. Turpin ◽  
David Villeger ◽  
Pierre Moretto ◽  
Bruno Watier
Keyword(s):  
Upper Limb ◽  
Power Output ◽  
Inverse Dynamics ◽  
Random Order ◽  
Standing Position ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Sit To Stand ◽  
Shoulder Joints ◽  
Limb Kinematics

Several suggestions on the upper limb involvement in cycling exist but, to date, no study has quantified upper limb kinetics in this task. The aim of this study was to determine how crank power and pedaling position (seated or standing) affect upper limb kinetics. Handlebar loadings and upper limb kinematics were collected from 17 participants performing seated or standing pedaling trials in a random order at 6 crank powers ranging from 20% (112 ± 19 W) to 120% (675 ± 113 W) of their spontaneous sit-to-stand transition power. An inverse dynamics approach was used to compute 3D moments, powers, and works at the wrist, elbow, and shoulder joints. Over 29 parameters investigated, increases in crank power were associated with increases in the magnitudes of 23 and 20 of the kinetic variables assessed in seated and standing positions, respectively. The standing position was associated with higher magnitudes of upper limb kinetics. These results suggest that both upper and lower limbs should be considered in future models to better understand whole body coordination in cycling.

scholarly journals Fatigue Detection during Sit-To-Stand Test Based on Surface Electromyography and Acceleration: A Case Study

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (19) ◽  
pp. 4202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roldán Jiménez ◽  
Bennett ◽  
Ortiz García ◽  
Cuesta Vargas
Keyword(s):  
Surface Electromyography ◽  
Detection System ◽  
Muscular Activity ◽  
Relative Energy ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Trunk Muscles ◽  
Discrete Wavelet ◽  
Sit To Stand ◽  
Emg Signal

The latest studies of the 30-second sit-to-stand (30-STS) test aim to describe it by employing kinematic variables, muscular activity, or fatigue through electromyography (EMG) instead of a number of repetitions. The aim of the present study was to develop a detection system based on acceleration measured using a smartphone to analyze fatigue during the 30-STS test with surface electromyography as the criterion. This case study was carried out on one woman, who performed eight trials. EMG data from the lower limbs and trunk muscles, as well as trunk acceleration were recorded. Both signals from eight trials were preprocessed, being averaged and temporarily aligned. The EMG signal was processed, calculating the spectral centroid (SC) by Discrete Fourier Transform, while the acceleration signal was processed by Discrete Wavelet Transform to calculate its energy percentage. Regarding EMG, fatigue in the vastus medialis of the quadriceps appeared as a decrease in SC, with a descending slope of 12% at second 12, indicating fatigue. However, acceleration analysis showed an increase in the percentage of relative energy, acting like fatigue firing at second 19. This assessed fatigue according to two variables of a different nature. The results will help clinicians to obtain information about fatigue using an accessible and inexpensive device, i.e., as a smartphone.

scholarly journals Alteration of the Sitting and Standing Movement in Adult Spinal Deformity

2022 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eddy Saad ◽  
Karl Semaan ◽  
Georges Kawkabani ◽  
Abir Massaad ◽  
Renee Maria Salibv ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Spinal Deformity ◽  
Adult Spinal Deformity ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Trunk Flexion ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Sit To Stand

Adults with spinal deformity (ASD) are known to have spinal malalignment affecting their quality of life and daily life activities. While walking kinematics were shown to be altered in ASD, other functional activities are yet to be evaluated such as sitting and standing, which are essential for patients’ autonomy and quality of life perception. In this cross-sectional study, 93 ASD subjects (50 ± 20 years; 71 F) age and sex matched to 31 controls (45 ± 15 years; 18 F) underwent biplanar radiographic imaging with subsequent calculation of standing radiographic spinopelvic parameters. All subjects filled HRQOL questionnaires such as SF36 and ODI. ASD were further divided into 34 ASD-sag (with PT > 25° and/or SVA >5 cm and/or PI-LL >10°), 32 ASD-hyperTK (with only TK >60°), and 27 ASD-front (with only frontal malalignment: Cobb >20°). All subjects underwent 3D motion analysis during the sit-to-stand and stand-to-sit movements. The range of motion (ROM) and mean values of pelvis, lower limbs, thorax, head, and spinal segments were calculated on the kinematic waveforms. Kinematics were compared between groups and correlations to radiographic and HRQOL scores were computed. During sit-to-stand and stand-to-sit movements, ASD-sag had decreased pelvic anteversion (12.2 vs 15.2°), hip flexion (53.0 vs 62.2°), sagittal mobility in knees (87.1 vs 93.9°), and lumbar mobility (L1L3-L3L5: −9.1 vs −6.8°, all p < 0.05) compared with controls. ASD-hyperTK showed increased dynamic lordosis (L1L3–L3L5: −9.1 vs −6.8°), segmental thoracic kyphosis (T2T10–T10L1: 32.0 vs 17.2°, C7T2–T2T10: 30.4 vs 17.7°), and thoracolumbar extension (T10L1–L1L3: −12.4 vs −5.5°, all p < 0.05) compared with controls. They also had increased mobility at the thoracolumbar and upper-thoracic spine. Both ASD-sag and ASD-hyperTK maintained a flexed trunk, an extended head along with an increased trunk and head sagittal ROM. Kinematic alterations were correlated to radiographic parameters and HRQOL scores. Even after controlling for demographic factors, dynamic trunk flexion was determined by TK and PI-LL mismatch (adj. R2 = 0.44). Lumbar sagittal ROM was determined by PI-LL mismatch (adj. R2 = 0.13). In conclusion, the type of spinal deformity in ASD seems to determine the strategy used for sitting and standing. Future studies should evaluate whether surgical correction of the deformity could restore sitting and standing kinematics and ultimately improve quality of life.

scholarly journals Association between Oxygen Consumption and Surface Electromyographic Amplitude and Its Variation within Individual Calf Muscles during Walking at Various Speeds

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 1748
Author(s):  
Kohei Watanabe ◽  
Shideh Narouei
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Spatial Variation ◽  
Metabolic Response ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Surface Emg ◽  
Medial Gastrocnemius ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Young Males ◽  
Emg Amplitude ◽  
Calf Muscles

Surface electromyography (EMG) has been used to estimate muscle work and physiological burden of the whole body during human movements. However, there are spatial variations in surface EMG responses within individual muscles. The aim of this study was to investigate the relation between oxygen consumption and surface EMG responses of lower leg muscles during walking at various speeds and to quantify its spatial variation within an individual muscle. Nine young males walked on a treadmill at four speeds: preferred minus 1 km/h, preferred, preferred plus 1 km/h, and preferred plus 2 km/h, and the metabolic response was measured based on the expired gas. High-density surface EMG of the tibialis anterior (TA), medial gastrocnemius (MG), lateral gastrocnemius, and soleus muscles was performed using 64 two-dimensional electrode grids. Correlation coefficients between oxygen consumption and the surface EMG amplitude were calculated across the gait speeds for each channel in the electrode grid and for individual muscles. Mean correlation coefficients across electrodes were 0.69–0.87 for the four individual muscles, and the spatial variation of correlation between the surface EMG amplitude and oxygen consumption within an electrode grid was significantly greater in MG muscle than in TA muscle (Quartile deviations: 0.24 for MG and 0.02 for TA, p < 0.05). These results suggest that the physiological burden of the whole body during gait at various speeds can be estimated from the surface EMG amplitude of calf muscles, but we need to note its spatial distribution within the MG muscle.

scholarly journals Diagnostic Value of Whole-Body MRI Short Protocols in Bone Lesion Detection in Multiple Myeloma Patients

Diagnostics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1053
Author(s):  
Davide Ippolito ◽  
Teresa Giandola ◽  
Cesare Maino ◽  
Davide Gandola ◽  
Maria Ragusi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Myeloma ◽  
Bone Marrow Involvement ◽  
Bone Lesion ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Lesion Detection ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Bone Lesions ◽  
Whole Body Mri ◽  
Mri Protocol

The aim of the study is to evaluate the effectiveness of short whole-body magnetic resonance imaging (WBMRI) protocols for the overall assessment of bone marrow involvement in patients with multiple myeloma (MM), in comparison with standard whole-body MRI protocol. Patients with biopsy-proven MM, who underwent a WBMRI with full-body coverage (from vertex to feet) were retrospectively enrolled. WBMRI images were independently evaluated by two expert radiologists, in terms of infiltration patterns (normal, focal, diffuse, and combined), according to location (the whole skeleton was divided into six anatomic districts: skull, spine, sternum and ribs, upper limbs, pelvis and proximal two-thirds of the femur, remaining parts of lower limbs) and lytic lesions number (<5, 5–20, and >20). The majority of patients showed focal and combined infiltration patterns with bone lesions predominantly distributed in the spine and pelvis. As skull and lower limbs are less frequently involved by focal bone lesions, excluding them from the standard MRI protocol allows to obtain a shorter protocol, maintaining a good diagnostic value.

scholarly journals Acute effect of high-definition and conventional tDCS on exercise performance and psychophysiological responses in endurance athletes: a randomized controlled trial

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Gomes da Silva Machado ◽  
Marom Bikson ◽  
Abhishek Datta ◽  
Egas Caparelli-Dáquer ◽  
Gozde Unal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Exercise Performance ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Endurance Athletes ◽  
Test Reliability ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Time To Exhaustion ◽  
Small Ring ◽  
High Definition ◽  
Psychophysiological Responses

AbstractTranscranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) has been used aiming to boost exercise performance and inconsistent findings have been reported. One possible explanation is related to the limitations of the so-called “conventional” tDCS, which uses large rectangular electrodes, resulting in a diffuse electric field. A new tDCS technique called high-definition tDCS (HD-tDCS) has been recently developed. HD-tDCS uses small ring electrodes and produces improved focality and greater magnitude of its aftereffects. This study tested whether HD-tDCS would improve exercise performance to a greater extent than conventional tDCS. Twelve endurance athletes (29.4 ± 7.3 years; 60.15 ± 5.09 ml kg−1 min−1) were enrolled in this single-center, randomized, crossover, and sham-controlled trial. To test reliability, participants performed two time to exhaustion (TTE) tests (control conditions) on a cycle simulator with 80% of peak power until volitional exhaustion. Next, they randomly received HD-tDCS (2.4 mA), conventional (2.0 mA), or active sham tDCS (2.0 mA) over the motor cortex for 20-min before performing the TTE test. TTE, heart rate (HR), associative thoughts, peripheral (lower limbs), and whole-body ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) were recorded every minute. Outcome measures were reliable. There was no difference in TTE between HD-tDCS (853.1 ± 288.6 s), simulated conventional (827.8 ± 278.7 s), sham (794.3 ± 271.2 s), or control conditions (TTE1 = 751.1 ± 261.6 s or TTE2 = 770.8 ± 250.6 s) [F(1.95; 21.4) = 1.537; P = 0.24; η2p = 0.123]. There was no effect on peripheral or whole-body RPE and associative thoughts (P > 0.05). No serious adverse effect was reported. A single session of neither HD-tDCS nor conventional tDCS changed exercise performance and psychophysiological responses in athletes, suggesting that a ceiling effect may exist.

scholarly journals Musculoskeletal biomechanics in sit-to-stand and stand-to-sit activities with stroke subjects: a systematic review

2010 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina Danielli Coelho de Morais Faria ◽  
Viviane Amaral Saliba ◽  
Luci Fuscaldi Teixeira-Salmela
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Methodological Quality ◽  
Weight Bearing ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Manual Search ◽  
Sit To Stand ◽  
Extensive Literature Search

INTRODUCTION: Sit-to-stand and stand-to-sit are two of the most mechanically demanding activities undertaken in daily life and which are usually impaired in stroke subjects. OBJECTIVES: To determine the distinguishing characteristics in musculoskeletal biomechanical outcomes of the sit-to-stand and stand-to-sit activities with stroke subjects, with an emphasis on the clinical management of stroke disabilities, in a systematic review. MATERIAL AND METHODS: An extensive literature search was performed with the MEDLINE, CINAHL, EMBASE, PEDro, LILACS, and SciELO databases, followed by a manual search, to select studies on musculoskeletal biomechanical outcomes in both activities with stroke subjects, without language restrictions, and published until December/2007. RESULTS: Out of the 432 studies, only 11 reported biomechanical outcomes of both activities and none reached the total score on the selected quality parameters. The majority of the experimental studies which compared groups did not achieve acceptable scores on their methodological quality (PEDRo). The investigated conditions and interventions were also restricted. Only one study compared biomechanical outcomes between the activities, but only evaluated the time spent to perform them. Few musculoskeletal biomechanical outcomes have been investigated, being weight bearing on the lower limbs and duration of the activities the most investigated. CONCLUSION: There is little information regarding musculoskeletal biomechanical outcomes during these activities with stroke subjects and no definite conclusions can be drawn regarding the particularities of these outcomes on their performance with stroke survivors.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Strength and Irradiated Movement Pattern Resulting from Trunk Motions of the Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luciana Bahia Gontijo ◽  
Polianna Delfino Pereira ◽  
Camila Danielle Cunha Neves ◽  
Ana Paula Santos ◽  
Dionis de Castro Dutra Machado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plantar Flexion ◽  
Movement Pattern ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Trunk Flexion ◽  
Average Force ◽  
Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation ◽  
Muscular Activation ◽  
Flexion And Extension ◽  
Regional Muscle ◽  
Dorsal Flexion

Introduction. The proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) is a physiotherapeutic concept based on muscle and joint proprioceptive stimulation. Among its principles, the irradiation is the reaction of the distinct regional muscle contractions to the position of the application of the motions.Objective. To investigate the presence of irradiated dorsiflexion and plantar flexion and the existing strength generated by them during application of PNF trunk motions.Methods. The study was conducted with 30 sedentary and female volunteers, the PNF motions of trunk flexion, and extension with the foot (right and left) positioned in a developed equipment coupled to the load cell, which measured the strength irradiated in Newton.Results. Most of the volunteers irradiated dorsal flexion in the performance of the flexion and plantar flexion during the extension motion, both presenting an average force of 8.942 N and 10.193 N, respectively.Conclusion. The distal irradiation in lower limbs became evident, reinforcing the therapeutic actions to the PNF indirect muscular activation.

A Hypothesis on the Etiology of Hyperactivity, With a Pilot Study Report of Related Nondrug Therapy

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1973 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 625-625
Author(s):  
Arvin T. Henderson ◽  
Irmeli Dahlin ◽  
Cloyd R. Partridge ◽  
Elizabeth Lyman Engelsing
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Preschool Child ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Learning Problems ◽  
Recent Experience ◽  
Medication Therapy ◽  
Muscular Tension ◽  
Hyperactive Children ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Increased Activity

The growing number of hyperactive children in our practices has caused many of us to look about for alternatives to medication therapy. Our recent experience in one such technique prompts this letter. We hypothesize that hyperactivity may make its first appearance in the toddler or preschool child, but is detectable from early infancy. The tense, colicky, hypertonic infant seems to be the infantile precursor to the hyperactive older child. We consider that both are the result of a chronic state of arousal manifested in these children as increased activity level and muscular tension and later by frantic limit testing at home and behavior and learning problems at school.

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