Ammonia synthesis by N2 and steam electrolysis in molten hydroxide suspensions of nanoscale Fe2O3

Science ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 345 (6197) ◽  
pp. 637-640 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stuart Licht ◽  
Baochen Cui ◽  
Baohui Wang ◽  
Fang-Fang Li ◽  
Jason Lau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Current Density ◽  
Steam Reforming ◽  
Ammonia Synthesis ◽  
Coulombic Efficiency ◽  
Steam Pressure ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Applied Current ◽  
Bosch Process ◽  
Electron Conversion ◽  
Steam Reforming Of Methane

The Haber-Bosch process to produce ammonia for fertilizer currently relies on carbon-intensive steam reforming of methane as a hydrogen source. We present an electrochemical pathway in which ammonia is produced by electrolysis of air and steam in a molten hydroxide suspension of nano-Fe2O3. At 200°C in an electrolyte with a molar ratio of 0.5 NaOH/0.5 KOH, ammonia is produced at 1.2 volts (V) under 2 milliamperes per centimeter squared (mA cm−2) of applied current at coulombic efficiency of 35% (35% of the applied current results in the six-electron conversion of N2 and water to ammonia, and excess H2 is cogenerated with the ammonia). At 250°C and 25 bar of steam pressure, the electrolysis voltage necessary for 2 mA cm−2 current density decreased to 1.0 V.

Enhanced Ion Transport in an Ether Aided Super Concentrated Ionic Liquid Electrolyte for Long-Life Practical Lithium Metal Battery Applications

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Urbi Pal ◽  
Fangfang Chen ◽  
Derick Gyabang ◽  
Thushan Pathirana ◽  
Binayak Roy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
Ion Transport ◽  
Current Density ◽  
Coulombic Efficiency ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Liquid Electrolyte ◽  
High Mass ◽  
Lithium Metal ◽  
Ionic Liquid Electrolyte ◽  
Lithium Metal Battery

We explore a novel ether aided superconcentrated ionic liquid electrolyte; a combination of ionic liquid, <i>N</i>-propyl-<i>N</i>-methylpyrrolidinium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (C<sub>3</sub>mpyrFSI) and ether solvent, <i>1,2</i> dimethoxy ethane (DME) with 3.2 mol/kg LiFSI salt, which offers an alternative ion-transport mechanism and improves the overall fluidity of the electrolyte. The molecular dynamics (MD) study reveals that the coordination environment of lithium in the ether aided ionic liquid system offers a coexistence of both the ether DME and FSI anion simultaneously and the absence of ‘free’, uncoordinated DME solvent. These structures lead to very fast kinetics and improved current density for lithium deposition-dissolution processes. Hence the electrolyte is used in a lithium metal battery against a high mass loading (~12 mg/cm<sup>2</sup>) LFP cathode which was cycled at a relatively high current rate of 1mA/cm<sup>2</sup> for 350 cycles without capacity fading and offered an overall coulombic efficiency of >99.8 %. Additionally, the rate performance demonstrated that this electrolyte is capable of passing current density as high as 7mA/cm<sup>2</sup> without any electrolytic decomposition and offers a superior capacity retention. We have also demonstrated an ‘anode free’ LFP-Cu cell which was cycled over 50 cycles and achieved an average coulombic efficiency of 98.74%. The coordination chemistry and (electro)chemical understanding as well as the excellent cycling stability collectively leads toward a breakthrough in realizing the practical applicability of this ether aided ionic liquid electrolytes in lithium metal battery applications, while delivering high energy density in a prototype cell.

Carbon monoxide formation as an intermediate product in photocatalytic steam reforming of methane with lanthanum-doped sodium tantalate

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wirya Sarwana ◽  
Akihiko Anzai ◽  
Daichi Takami ◽  
Akira Yamamoto ◽  
Hisao Yoshida
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Solar Energy ◽  
Steam Reforming ◽  
Intermediate Product ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Carbon Monoxide Formation ◽  
Steam Reforming Of Methane

Photocatalytic steam reforming of methane (PSRM) has been studied as an attractive method to produce hydrogen by utilizing photoenergy like solar energy around room temperature with metal-loaded photocatalysts, where methane...

scholarly journals Syngas Production from CO2Reforming and CO2-steam Reforming of Methane over Ni/Ce-SBA-15 Catalyst

2017 ◽  
Vol 206 ◽  
pp. 012017
Author(s):  
J S Tan ◽  
H T Danh ◽  
S Singh ◽  
Q D Truong ◽  
H D Setiabudi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Steam Reforming ◽  
Syngas Production ◽  
Steam Reforming Of Methane

scholarly journals Combined Steam Reforming of Methane and Formic Acid To Produce Syngas with an Adjustable H2:CO Ratio

2018 ◽  
Vol 57 (31) ◽  
pp. 10663-10674 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmadreza Rahbari ◽  
Mahinder Ramdin ◽  
Leo J. P. van den Broeke ◽  
Thijs J. H. Vlugt
Keyword(s):  
Formic Acid ◽  
Steam Reforming ◽  
Steam Reforming Of Methane

Tandem bed configuration for sorption-enhanced steam reforming of methane

2011 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 531-537 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.Th.J. Reijers ◽  
G.D. Elzinga ◽  
P.D. Cobden ◽  
W.G. Haije ◽  
R.W. van den Brink
Keyword(s):  
Steam Reforming ◽  
Steam Reforming Of Methane

Steam reforming of methane, ethane, propane, butane, and natural gas over a rhodium-based catalyst

2009 ◽  
Vol 142 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 42-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin T. Schädel ◽  
Matthias Duisberg ◽  
Olaf Deutschmann
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Steam Reforming ◽  
Steam Reforming Of Methane ◽  
Propane Butane
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