The Cost of Energy Efficiency

Science ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 261 (5124) ◽  
pp. 969-970 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. B. Lovins
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Cost Of Energy ◽  
The Cost

RESEARCH OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY OF TWO-CHAMBER PULSE DEVICES FOR STAMPING

2021 ◽  
pp. 128-133
Author(s):  
А.Ю. Боташев ◽  
А.А. Мусаев
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Combustion Chamber ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Energy Carrier ◽  
Thermodynamic Efficiency ◽  
Total Energy Consumption ◽  
Cost Of Energy ◽  
Sheet Stamping ◽  
Fuel Mixtures ◽  
The Cost

Одной из разновидностей устройств, осуществляющих импульсные методы обработки давлением, являются двухкамерные устройства для листовой штамповки, использующие в качестве энергоносителя газовоздушные топливные смеси. Подача сжатого воздуха в камеру сгорания в рассматриваемом двухкамерном устройстве для листовой штамповки осуществляется компрессором. Проведен анализ термодинамических процессов, протекающих в камере сгорания и рабочем цилиндре двухкамерного устройства для листовой штамповки. При этом установлено, что энергия, затрачиваемая на работу компрессора, составляет около 45% от энергии, выделяющейся в камере сгорания. Получена зависимость для определения термодинамического КПД двухкамерных устройств для листовой штамповки, величина его составляет около 0,25. Установлено, что энергоэффективность двухкамерных устройств не уступает энергоэффективности традиционного штамповочного оборудования, при этом затраты на энергоносители двухкамерных устройств ниже за счет использования дешевого энергоносителя. В двухкамерном штамповочном устройстве для листовой штамповки электрическая энергия, используемая на работу компрессора, составляет менее 1/3 общей потребляемой энергии устройства. Поэтому при прочих равных условиях расходы на энергоносители будут значительно меньше, чем в штамповочном оборудовании, работающем на электрическом токе One of the types of devices that carry out pulse methods of pressure treatment are two-chamber devices for sheet stamping, using gas-air fuel mixtures as an energy carrier. The supply of compressed air to the combustion chamber in the considered two-chamber device for sheet stamping is carried out by a compressor. We carried out the analysis of thermodynamic processes taking place in the combustion chamber and the working cylinder of a two-chamber device for sheet stamping. We found that the energy spent on the operation of the compressor is about 45% of the energy released in the combustion chamber. We obtained the dependence for determining the thermodynamic efficiency of two-chamber devices for sheet stamping; its value is about 0.25. We established that the energy efficiency of two-chamber devices is not inferior to the energy efficiency of traditional stamping equipment, while the energy costs of two-chamber devices are lower due to the use of a cheap energy carrier. In a two-chamber die-forging device for sheet metal stamping, the electrical energy used to operate the compressor is less than 1/3 of the total energy consumption of the device. Therefore, all other things being equal, the cost of energy carriers will be significantly less than in stamping equipment operating on electric current

The cost of energy efficiency programs: Estimates from utility-reported datasets

Energy ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 122448
Author(s):  
Patrick Knight ◽  
Bruce Biewald ◽  
Kenji Takahashi
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Cost Of Energy ◽  
The Cost

Increasing Mobile Robot Efficiency and Versatility Through Manipulation-driven Adaptation

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Raymond Kim ◽  
Anirban Mazumdar ◽  
Varun Madabushi ◽  
Eric Dong
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Permanent Magnets ◽  
Mobile Robotics ◽  
Legged Locomotion ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Robot System ◽  
Improve Energy Efficiency ◽  
Cost Of Energy ◽  
Broad Variety ◽  
The Cost

Abstract Terrestrial mobile robotics are increasingly important to a range of missions including planetary exploration, search and rescue, logistics, and national security. Many of these missions require the robot to operate on a broad variety of terrain. Wheels are ideal for energy efficiency but can suffer catastrophic failure when presented with obstacles or complex ground. Legs can help navigate obstacles but at the cost of energy efficiency. Physical adaptation can enable a robot to benefit from both modes of locomotion. This paper describes a new approach to physical adaptation through manipulation. Specifically, this paper examines how manipulators can be used to change the vehicle's mode of locomotion and improve energy efficiency and versatility. This paper presents “swappable propulsors”, which can be easily attached/detached to adapt the vehicle through the use of permanent magnets. A new robot system that uses its manipulator to discretely switch between wheeled and legged locomotion is created. The experimental results demonstrate how this approach provides a unique combination of energy efficiency and versatility. This work describes the design of swappable propulsors, analyzes how to manipulate them, and describes how they can be used to improve performance. This work extends on prior work with additional analysis, an improved robot prototype, and new experimental results.

A Casualty of Political Transformation? The Politics of Energy Efficiency in the Japanese Transportation Sector

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 409-440 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phillip Y. Lipscy
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Democratic Party ◽  
Liberal Democratic Party ◽  
Transportation Policy ◽  
Political Transformation ◽  
Liberal Democratic ◽  
Cost Of Energy ◽  
Transportation Sector ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
The Cost

The Democratic Party of Japan (DPJ) came to power in 2009 promising significant transportation sector reform, but it has struggled to implement its proposals. I argue that the DPJ's initiatives faltered due to the legacy of “efficiency clientelism.” Historically, Japanese transportation policy combined two imperatives: (1) encourage efficiency by raising the cost of energy-inefficient transportation, and (2) redistribute benefits to supporters of the incumbent Liberal Democratic Party (LDP). Because of the legacy of efficiency clientelism, DPJ campaign pledges—designed to appeal broadly to the general public by reducing transportation costs—ran up against the prospect of sharp declines in revenues and energy efficiency. Efficiency clientelism was well suited to political realities in Japan prior to the 1990s, but recent developments have undercut its viability. This raises profound questions about the sustainability of Japan's energy efficiency achievements.

The Cost of Energy Efficiency

Science ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 262 (5132) ◽  
pp. 319-321 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. L. Joskow ◽  
D. B. Marron
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Cost Of Energy ◽  
The Cost

Feasibility Assessment of a Grid-Connected Carbon-Neutral Community in Midland, Texas

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Archan Shah ◽  
Nicholas Engler ◽  
Moncef Krarti
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Electricity Price ◽  
Pv System ◽  
Energy Efficiency Measures ◽  
Efficiency Measures ◽  
Cost Of Energy ◽  
Energy Needs ◽  
Carbon Neutral ◽  
The Cost

Abstract Midland, Texas is one of the fastest-growing urban population centers in the country and has one of the lowest costs of electricity. This study aims to assess the potential of a grid-connected carbon-neutral community in an oil-rich city using energy efficiency measures and hybrid distributed generation (DG) systems. The community consists mostly of residential buildings including detached homes and apartment buildings. Moreover, a cost-optimization analysis of various DG technologies is carried out to meet both electrical and thermal loads of the community in Midland. The energy efficiency measures are selected for two main objectives: (i) reduce the total energy needs and (ii) electrify most of the buildings within the community. Improvement of heating, ventilating, and air conditioning systems and their controls are the main energy efficiency measures considered for all the buildings part of the community. DG systems are constrained by the renewable energy resources identified to be prevalent within the site of the community. It is found that photovoltaic (PV) systems are the most cost-effective, while wind and combined heat and power (CHP) would not be competitive compared to the current grid energy prices. Specifically, the optimization results indicate that PV, when implemented on a large scale, can provide adequate power to meet the energy needs of the community while also meeting carbon neutrality. A PV system size of 3400 kW is found to be required for the grid-connected community to be carbon neutral. While under this scenario a 100% reduction in carbon emissions is technically feasible, the cost of energy is estimated to be $0.194/kWh, almost double the current grid electricity price. However, if the capital cost of PV is decreased by 70% from its current level, the cost of energy due to the DG addition can be reduced significantly. In particular, a 1050-kW PV system was found to reduce the cost of energy below the grid electricity price of $0.10/kWh and achieves 31% reduction in carbon emissions for the community. Moreover, the 70% reduction in PV capital costs allows the carbon-neutral design for the community to be a cost-competitive solution with the grid.

Study of Energy Efficiency Upgradation and Investment Risk

2021 ◽  
pp. 18-28
Author(s):  
Tandin Wangchuk ◽  
Tashi Tobgay ◽  
Pema Nidup ◽  
Yeshi Seldon ◽  
Roshan Chhetri
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Electricity Consumption ◽  
Policy Framework ◽  
Load Growth ◽  
Industrial Sectors ◽  
Cost Of Energy ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Domestic Electricity

It was about 60 years ago when electricity was first introduced in Bhutan and today, more than 99.97 percent of households are electrified. Since electricity is superior to other form of energy, everybody prefers it. The electricity demand is increasing rapidly with development in all fronts. Distribution system are currently experiencing rapid changes in domestic load growth. With increasing domestic electricity consumption, Royal Government of Bhutan (RGoB) recognizes the importance of energy management and reduction at the consumer end to further minimize carbon emission and to increase the exports. While achieving 100 percent electrification of Bhutan, the increased consumer reduces the export, reducing the total revenue generated. The study identifies possible barriers of energy efficiency in domestic and industrial sectors. The lack of policy framework is one of the main reasons for the decline in interest in energy efficiency. The government subsidy is another cause of the same. This in turn led to negligence of Energy Efficiency (EE) programs by the consumers. On the contrary, consumers feel that the cost of energy is high, despite the fact that urban dwellers' expenditure capacity and productivity upgradation potential are also high. Based on a case study of residential and commercial buildings in the Phuntsholing region, as well as industrial sectors in Pasakha, this paper examines the metrics needed to make energy efficiency upgrade decisions. The study finds respondents were more likely to choose equipment that suited their budget rather than those that are energy efficient. Another big impediment to investment in energy efficiency in the region is a lack of energy efficiency awareness and information.

The Cost of Energy Efficiency

Science ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 261 (5124) ◽  
pp. 970-971 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. M. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Cost Of Energy ◽  
The Cost

The Cost of Energy Efficiency

Science ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 261 (5124) ◽  
pp. 970-970 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Blumstein ◽  
J. Harris
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Cost Of Energy ◽  
The Cost

Analysis of energy efficiency of polder of pumping stations in a Slavsk district of the Kaliningrad region

2020 ◽  
pp. 15-20
Author(s):  
Yuriy Spirin ◽  
Vladimir Puntusov
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Statistical Processing ◽  
Drainage Rate ◽  
Pumping Stations ◽  
Kaliningrad Region ◽  
Pumping Equipment ◽  
Excess Power ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Domestic Power

In the Kaliningrad region there are about 70 % of all polder lands in Russia. On these lands with high potential fertility, it is advisable to intensive agriculture. The area for the average moisture year is an area with excessive moisture, which indicates the need to maintain the rate of drainage on agricultural land. Many different factors play a role in ensuring the drainage rate, one of which is pumping stations and pumping equipment installed on them. An important parameter in the use of pump-power equipment is energy consumption, since in this industry it is a considerable expense item. Improving the energy efficiency of pumping stations on polders is a pressing issue today. At the majority of polder pumping stations, domestic power pumping equipment is installed with excess power and head of 4–8 meters, and a new one is selected based on the maximum possible head in a given place. In the Kaliningrad region, the energy efficiency of polder pumping equipment has never been analyzed. In this paper, a statistical processing of the geodesic pressure of water at the polder pumping stations of the Slavsk region for 2000–2002 was carried out. On the basis of these data and data on the hydraulic characteristics of pressure pipelines, the calculated water pressures were determined for the rational selection of pumping equipment. The calculation of the economic efficiency of pumps with optimal power compared with pumps of excess capacity. The results of the study can serve as a justification for the transition to the pumping equipment with less power and pressure, which will lead to a decrease in the cost of money for electricity.

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