scholarly journals Panton-Valentine Leukocidin-Positive and Toxic Shock Syndrome Toxin 1-Positive Methicillin-ResistantStaphylococcus aureus: a French Multicenter Prospective Study in 2008

2011 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 1734-1739 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jérôme Robert ◽  
Anne Tristan ◽  
Laurent Cavalié ◽  
Jean-Winoc Decousser ◽  
Michèle Bes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Young Patients ◽  
Toxic Shock ◽  
Cutaneous Infections ◽  
Toxic Shock Syndrome Toxin ◽  
Multicenter Prospective Study ◽  
Mrsa Strains ◽  
Low Prevalence ◽  
Panton Valentine Leukocidin ◽  
Valentine Leukocidin

ABSTRACTThe epidemiology of community-acquired methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus(CA-MRSA) differs from country to country. We assess the features of the ST80 European clone, which is the most prevalent PVL-positive CA-MRSA clone in Europe, and the TSST-1 ST5 clone that was recently described in France. In 2008, all MRSA strains susceptible to fluoroquinolones and gentamicin and resistant to fusidic acid that were isolated in 104 French laboratories were characterized usingagralleles,spatyping, and the staphylococcal cassette chromosomemecelement and PCR profiling of 21 toxin genes. Three phenotypes were defined: (i) kanamycin resistant, associated with the ST80 clone; (ii) kanamycin and tobramycin resistant, associated with the ST5 clone; and (iii) aminoglycoside susceptible, which was less frequently associated with the ST5 clone. Among the 7,253 MRSA strains isolated, 91 (1.3%) were ST80 CA-MRSA (89 phenotype 1) and 190 (2.6%) were ST5 CA-MRSA (146 phenotype 2, 42 phenotype 3). Compared to the latter, ST80 CA-MRSAs were more likely to be community acquired (80% versus 46%) and found in young patients (median age, 26.0 years versus 49.5 years) with deep cutaneous infections (48% versus 6%). They were less likely to be tetracycline susceptible (22% versus 85%) and to be isolated from respiratory infections (6% versus 27%). The TSST-1 ST5 clone has rapidly emerged in France and has become even more prevalent than the ST80 European clone, whose prevalence has remained stable. The epidemiological and clinical patterns of the two clones differ drastically. Given the low prevalence of both among all staphylococcal infections, no modification of antibiotic recommendations is required yet.

Epidemic meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (EMRSA-15) variants detected in healthy and diseased individuals in India

2010 ◽  
Vol 59 (7) ◽  
pp. 815-821 ◽  
Author(s):  
Savitha Nadig ◽  
Shilpa Ramachandra Raju ◽  
Gayathri Arakere
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue Infections ◽  
Toxic Shock ◽  
Genetic Changes ◽  
Type Iv ◽  
Nasal Swabs ◽  
Brain Abscesses ◽  
Toxic Shock Syndrome Toxin ◽  
Panton Valentine Leukocidin ◽  
Valentine Leukocidin ◽  
Staphylococcal Cassette Chromosome

This study provides what we believe to be the first report of the presence of EMRSA-15 and its variants isolated from nasal swabs from 13 healthy and diseased individuals in India. The majority of the isolates belonged to staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) type IV and spa type t852, whilst four isolates were non-typable and heterotypic for the presence of the mecA gene. All non-typable isolates were positive for the orfX gene by PCR and belonged to spa types t005 and t2986. They may have variant SCCmec cassettes indicating genetic changes occurring in the Indian EMRSA-15. All isolates were positive for Panton–Valentine leukocidin and toxic shock syndrome toxin, which is a cause for concern. In addition to soft-tissue infections, the EMRSA-15 isolates from patients were also responsible for meningitis and brain abscesses, which is quite rare.

scholarly journals Community acquired MRSA infections in a paediatric population in Greece

2005 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 7-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Vourli ◽  
D Perimeni ◽  
A Makri ◽  
M Polemis ◽  
A Voyiatzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Paediatric Population ◽  
Pfge Pattern ◽  
Soft Tissue Infections ◽  
Paediatric Hospital ◽  
Mrsa Strains ◽  
Panton Valentine Leukocidin ◽  
Valentine Leukocidin

We investigated the characteristics of 20 community acquired methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains isolated in a paediatric hospital in Athens. Eighteen of these, all isolated from skin and soft tissue infections, carried the Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL) determinants. They all were found resistant to fusidic acid, tetracycline and kanamycin, and displayed a PFGE pattern identical to that of the well-described ST80 CA-MRSA clone circulating in various European countries.

scholarly journals Ceftobiprole EfficacyIn Vitroagainst Panton-Valentine Leukocidin Production andIn Vivoagainst Community-Associated Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Osteomyelitis in Rabbits

2012 ◽  
Vol 56 (12) ◽  
pp. 6291-6297 ◽  
Author(s):  
Azzam Saleh-Mghir ◽  
Oana Dumitrescu ◽  
Aurélien Dinh ◽  
Yassine Boutrad ◽  
Laurent Massias ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mrsa Strains ◽  
Time Kill ◽  
Panton Valentine Leukocidin ◽  
Valentine Leukocidin

ABSTRACTCommunity-associated methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus(CA-MRSA) can cause osteomyelitis with severe sepsis and/or local complications in which a Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL) role is suspected.In vitrosub-MIC antibiotic effects on growth and PVL production by 11 PVL+MRSA strains, including the major CA-MRSA clones (USA300, including the LAC strain; USA400; and USA1000), and 11 PVL+methicillin-susceptibleS. aureus(MSSA) strains were tested in microplate culture. Time-kill analyses with ceftobiprole at its MIC were also run with LAC. Efficacies of ceftobiprole (40 mg/kg of body weight subcutaneously [s.c.] four times a day [q.i.d.]) or vancomycin (60 mg/kg intramuscularly [i.m.] twice a day [b.i.d.]) alone or combined with rifampin (10 mg/kg b.i.d.) against rabbit CA-MRSA osteomyelitis, induced by tibial injection of 3.4 × 107CFU of LAC, were compared. Treatment, started 14 days postinoculation, lasted 14 days.In vitro, 6/11 strains cultured with sub-MICs of ceftobiprole produced 1.6- to 4.8-fold more PVL than did the controls, with no link to specific clones. Rifampin decreased PVL production by all tested strains. In time-kill analyses at the LAC MIC (0.75 mg/liter), PVL production rose transiently at 6 and 8 h and then declined 2-fold at 16 h, concomitant with a 2-log10-CFU-count decrease.In vivo, the mean log10CFU/g of bone for ceftobiprole (1.44 ± 0.40) was significantly lower than that for vancomycin (2.37 ± 1.22) (P= 0.034), with 7/10 versus 5/11 bones sterilized, respectively. Combination with rifampin enhanced ceftobiprole (1.16 ± 0.04 CFU/g of bone [P= 0.056], 11/11 sterile bones) and vancomycin (1.23 ± 0.06 CFU/g [P= 0.011], 11/11 sterile bones) efficacies. Ceftobiprole bactericidal activity and the rifampin anti-PVL effect could play a role in these findings, which should be of interest for treating CA-MRSA osteomyelitis.

scholarly journals Multicenter study of clinical non-β-lactam-antibiotic susceptible MRSA strains: Genetic lineages and Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL) production

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (8) ◽  
pp. 509-513 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Ceballos ◽  
Carmen Aspiroz ◽  
Laura Ruiz-Ripa ◽  
José Manuel Azcona-Gutierrez ◽  
Lorena López-Cerero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multicenter Study ◽  
Genetic Lineages ◽  
Lactam Antibiotic ◽  
Mrsa Strains ◽  
Panton Valentine Leukocidin ◽  
Valentine Leukocidin

scholarly journals Panton-Valentine Leukocidin (PVL)-Positive Health Care-Associated Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Isolates Are Associated with Skin and Soft Tissue Infections and Colonized Mainly by Infective PVL-Encoding Bacteriophages

2014 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiwen Hu ◽  
Hang Cheng ◽  
Wenchang Yuan ◽  
Fangyin Zeng ◽  
Weilong Shang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Soft Tissue Infections ◽  
Positive Health ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Mrsa Strains ◽  
Panton Valentine Leukocidin ◽  
Valentine Leukocidin

The emergence of Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL)-positive methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus(MRSA) is a public health concern worldwide. PVL is associated with community-associated MRSA and is linked to skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs). However, PVL genes have also been detected in health care-associated (HA) MRSA isolates. The diseases associated with PVL-positive HA-MRSA isolates and the distributions of PVL-encoding bacteriophages in HA-MRSA have not been determined. In this study, a total of 259 HA-MRSA strains isolated between 2009 and 2012 in China from inpatients with SSTIs, pneumonia, and bacteremia were selected for molecular typing, including staphylococcal cassette chromosomemectyping, multilocus sequence typing, and staphylococcal protein A gene typing. The PVL genes and PVL bacteriophages in the MRSA isolates were characterized by PCR. Among the tested MRSA isolates, 28.6% (74/259) were PVL positive. The high prevalence of PVL-carrying HA-MRSA was observed to be associated with SSTIs but not with pneumonia or bacteremia. The PVL-positive HA-MRSA isolates were colonized mainly by infective PVL phages, namely, Φ7247PVL, ΦSLT, and ΦSa2958. The distribution of PVL-carrying bacteriophages differed geographically. Our study highlights the potential risk of the emergence of multidrug-resistant HA-MRSA strains with increased virulence.

scholarly journals Role of Neutrophil Leukocytes in Cutaneous Infection Caused by Staphylococcus aureus

2000 ◽  
Vol 68 (11) ◽  
pp. 6162-6167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lena Mölne ◽  
Margareta Verdrengh ◽  
Andrzej Tarkowski
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Monoclonal Antibody ◽  
Great Majority ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Toxic Shock ◽  
Cutaneous Infections ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Toxic Shock Syndrome Toxin

ABSTRACT Despite the high prevalence of cutaneous infections, little is known about the role of host immune responsiveness duringStaphylococcus aureus dermatitis. We have recently described a murine model of infectious dermatitis induced by superantigen-producing S. aureus. To assess the role of neutrophils in staphylococcal dermatitis, mice were given granulocyte-depleting monoclonal antibody prior to and on several occasions following intracutaneous inoculation with staphylococci. The granulocyte-depleted mice that had been intradermally inoculated withS. aureus developed crusted ulcerations which tended not to heal, whereas animals injected with control monoclonal antibody displayed only minor and transient skin lesions. The finding of severe ulcerations in neutropenic mice correlated with a significantly higher burden of bacteria in the blood and skin during the early phase of the infection. Importantly, while mice with an intact granulocyte population showed only limited skin infection, bacteremia occurred in the great majority of the neutrophil-depleted animals. As a consequence, the latter individuals exhibited significantly increased levels of the proinflammatory cytokine interleukin-6 and specific antibodies to staphylococcal cell wall components and toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 in the serum. Our data point to a crucial protective role of granulocytes in S. aureus dermatitis.

scholarly journals Virulent MRSA strains containing the Panton Valentine Leukocidin gene in the Netherlands

2003 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
W J B Wannet
Keyword(s):  
Los Angeles ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
The United States ◽  
Reference Laboratory ◽  
Skin Infections ◽  
Healthcare Staff ◽  
Gay Community ◽  
Mrsa Strains ◽  
Panton Valentine Leukocidin ◽  
Valentine Leukocidin

Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains possessing the Panton Valentine Leukocidin (PVL) gene have been detected in the Netherlands recently. The PVL gene encodes a highly potent toxin, which is involved in severe skin infections and necrotising pneumonia. PVL positive MRSA strains have also been noted in France (in healthy individuals; mean age 14 years), in the United States (for example, in the Los Angeles gay community, and in a large prison), and in Scotland (small outbreaks of skin abscesses in healthcare staff. The Scottish MRSA reference laboratory is now routinely screening both methicillin susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) and MRSA for the PVL gene). It has been suggested that the PVL MRSA is acquired in the community (1-3).

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